膨胀型防火涂料的研究进展

简述了防火涂料的分类;从粘结剂和各种防火助剂(包括脱水成炭催化剂、成炭剂、发泡剂、防火填料和颜料等)方面综述了膨胀型防火涂料的研究进展,同时介绍了可膨胀石墨在膨胀型防火涂料中的应用特点;分析了膨胀型防火涂料的发展趋势.     

膨胀阻燃体系对防火涂料防火性能的影响

主要研究P-C-N膨胀阻燃体系、膨胀石墨配合P-C-N膨胀阻燃体系、鳞片石墨配合P-C-N膨胀阻燃体系,对膨胀型防火涂料的防火性能影响,以及不同膨胀倍数的膨胀石墨、不同含量的膨胀石墨和鳞片石墨,对防火涂料防火性能的影响。结果表明,P-C-N膨胀阻燃体系对膨胀型防火涂料的热释放性能起决定性作用。同时,在膨胀型防火涂料中添加一定比例的膨胀石墨配合P-C-N膨胀阻燃体系,可提高防火涂料膨胀碳层致密性和均匀度,增加其阻燃性能。     

近期期刊文摘

钢结构防腐与防火涂装施工及其品质控制;饰面型防火涂料对不同木质基材的防火性能比较;钢结构防火、防腐双功能涂料的研究;钼酸铵与可膨胀石墨改性超薄型钢结构防火涂料的研究;膨胀型钢结构防火涂料膨胀炭质层的研究;     

钢结构用膨胀型防火涂料的最新进展

膨胀型防火涂料在暴露于火焰时会膨胀形成保护炭层，有助于限制钢的温升以显著延长其失效时间，防止倒塌。近年来，基于可再生生物基材料、环保材料、一体化膨胀、纳米技术、协效剂和微纳米结构涂层等先进的防火体系被开发出来，为持久性长、释放热量低、烟雾少、有毒气体少、环保、多功能防火涂料的开发提供了潜在的解决方案。简要介绍了新的膨胀型阻燃剂基防火涂料，着重介绍了新膨胀防火涂料用协效剂，并进一步探讨了涂料的防火机理及发展方向。     

乳液种类对膨胀型防火涂料理化性能和防火性能的影响

配制了以聚醋酸乙烯酯(PEA)乳液、苯丙乳液和纯丙乳液为成膜基料的乳液型膨胀防火涂料,通过涂料常规性能测试和小室燃烧试验,对3种涂料的理化性能和防火性能进行了比较分析.结果表明,PEA乳液型涂料质量损失大,炭化体积最小,膨胀效果极佳,防火效果最好;纯丙乳液型涂料的理化性能最好;而苯丙乳液型涂料则兼有理化性能和防火性能的优点,成本低、环保性强,可以满足防火涂料的各项需要.     

聚磷酸铵在膨胀型防火涂料中的应用研究

研究了聚磷酸铵在膨胀型防火涂料中的应用效果,探讨验证了聚磷酸铵添加量与膨胀防火性能的关系,聚磷酸铵的聚合度、晶型、水悬浮液PH值等指标对防火涂料的耐火极限、粘接强度、稳定性的影响。     

锥形量热仪法评价丙烯酸本体杂化乳液膨胀型防火涂料防火阻燃性能

采用锥形量热仪法研究以丙烯酸本体杂化乳液为成膜物的膨胀型防火涂料的防火阻燃性能,以及燃烧过程中产生的烟气的情况,并和传统的溶剂型丙烯酸膨胀型防火涂料的性能进行了对比.     

防火涂料阻燃/抑烟技术的研究现状及进展

对防火涂料阻燃/抑烟技术的研究进展进行探讨。介绍了防火涂料的应用领域及其分类方法,分别论述了非膨胀型防火涂料及膨胀型防火涂料的组成、作用及其阻燃/抑烟机理,并对最新的阻燃/抑烟技术和方法进行了总结。防火涂料的阻燃抑烟剂根据体系结构的不同也有所改变,较为常用的主要为钼系化合物、二茂铁、氧化锌和硼酸锌等。     

透明膨胀型防火涂料国内外研究进展

分析和归纳了国内外透明膨胀型防火涂料的研究。国内在透明膨胀型防火涂料研究方面长期专注于氨基树脂体系,近年来则拓宽了研究领域,涉及环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯等体系。国外涉及的树脂领域则比较全面。而最新趋势均为采用共聚、化学改性等方法合成集催化、成炭、发泡于一身的一体化膨胀型防火涂料,对提高涂层透明性有十分显著的作用。     

超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料配方及其对涂料性能的影响

用正交试验设计方法确定了超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的配方。指出聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺和季戊四醇在膨胀型防火体系中的作用，并确定了其最佳用量。还研究了各种助剂及颜料对涂料防火性能的影响。     

膨胀型防火涂料的研制及防火机理分析

以不饱和聚酯和环氧树脂双组分作为基体树脂,以聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺和季戊四醇为防火助剂,辅以填料和其他助剂,配制膨胀型防火涂料.实验结果表明,该防火涂料具有很好的防火性能,在涂层厚度为2.0mm时,其耐火极限时间超过210min.通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)的配合手段对防火体系和防火涂料的热行为进行分析研究,探讨了不同组分之间的热分解过程和相互作用.借助于Photo和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了防火涂料燃烧后炭化层的形貌,并对炭质层结构进行X射线衍射分析和研究,在此基础上对膨胀型防火涂料的炭化层形成及阻燃机理进行了系统而深入的分析.     

Effect of clays on the fire-retardant properties of a polyethylenic copolymer containing intumescent formulation

Abstract

Organophilic clay particles were added to a standard intumescent formulation and, since the role of clay expansion or intercalation is still a matter of much controversy, several clays with varying degrees of interlayer distances were evaluated. The composites were obtained by blending the nanostructured clay and the intumescent system with a polyethylenic copolymer. The flame-retardant properties of the materials were evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94 rating and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the addition of highly expanded clays to the ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol formulation does not significantly increase the flame retardancy of the mixture, when measured by the LOI and UL-94. However, when clays with smaller basal distances were added to the intumescent formulation, a synergistic effect was observed. In contrast, the simple addition of clays to the copolymer, without the intumescent formulation, did not increase the fire retardance of the materials.     

海泡石的剥离改性及阻燃不饱和聚酯

为获得低烟无卤阻燃不饱和聚酯(UPR),采用将改性海泡石与膨胀型阻燃剂复配的方式对UPR进行阻燃性能研究.通过酸热处理和离子交换改性法获得了剥离效果良好的有机化改性海泡石纤维,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱等测试方法对改性海泡石的表观形貌、剥离效果及其UPR中的分散效果进行了表征.将改性海泡石与聚磷酸铵(APP)、季戊四醇(PER)等膨胀型阻燃剂进行复配添加到UPR中,极限氧指数(LOI)测试和烟密度(SDR)测试结果表明,所制得的海泡石/不饱和聚酯复合材料具有较好的阻燃、抑烟性能.     

含硅阻燃剂与膨胀型阻燃剂的协同阻燃性

采用测量极限氧指数(LOI)和锥形量热仪动态燃烧两种方法评价了含硅阻燃剂(SFR-H)与高聚磷酸铵/三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(APP/MCA)膨胀阻燃体系在聚乙烯基体中的协同阻燃性,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(WAXD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析炭层结构和成分来研究其协同阻燃机理。研究表明,SFR-H/APP/MCA协同阻燃体系可明显提高聚乙烯的LOI值和降低燃烧热释放速率,具有较好的协同阻燃性,两者在燃烧过程中一起热氧化分解,形成陶瓷状含硅、硼、磷元素的化合物,对表面膨胀炭层起着增强作用,同时也提高了膨胀炭层的热氧稳定性和阻隔性能,从而提高了阻燃效果。     

聚磷酸铵/膨胀石墨协同阻燃EVA的阻燃机理

对聚磷酸铵(APP)和膨胀石墨(EG)协同阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)及其阻燃机理进行了研究。结果表明,APP和EG对EVA具有良好的协同阻燃效果。通过热重分析(TG)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对其阻燃机理进行了分析,认为在受热前期,主要是EG在凝聚相中的阻燃机理;在中后期,主要是APP在凝聚相发挥阻燃作用和部分的气相阻燃机理。     

Thermal stability and fire behaviour of flame retardant high density rigid foams based on hydromagnesite-filled polypropylene composites

The present work deals with the development of new rigid polypropylene composite foams filled with high amounts of flame-retardant systems based on synthetic hydromagnesite, a basic magnesium carbonate obtained from an industrial by-product. A partially-interconnected cellular structure with a cell size around 100 μm was obtained for the hydromagnesite-filled PP foams. A 40% reduction of this cell size was observed when a small amount of a combination of montmorillonite and graphene layered nanoparticles was added to the hydromagnesite. The combination of hydromagnesite with an intumescent additive (ammonium polyphosphate) and layered nanoparticles led to improved thermal stability. In particular, the intumescent additive delayed the beginning of the thermal decomposition temperature and the layered nanoparticles split the second step of thermal decomposition in a third peak observed at higher temperatures. Improved flame retardancy, measured by means of cone calorimetry, was observed in the samples containing the intumescent additive. A novel normalized parameter, called foam efficiency ratio (FER), which takes into account the expansion ratio of the foam and the relation of its fire properties with that of the base solid, was also analyzed.     

新型聚氨酯防火涂料的阻燃机理

采用元素分析(ELA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、^13C-棱磁共振(MAS-NMR ^13C)等手段,从凝聚相和气相两方面深入分析了PU／APP／Carbonific防火涂料体系的阻燃机理．     

Preparation of silane precursor microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant and its enhancement on the properties of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer cable

Silane precursor microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant (IFR) was prepared by sol–gel process and then modified with vinyltrimethoxysilane (A-171) with the goal of that the vinyl group functionalized silica microcapsule could be introduced into EVA matrix through crosslinking, which will enhance the compatibility and dispersion between EVA matrix and microencapsulated IFR. The effects of silane precursor microencapsulation technology on the mechanical, electrical, thermal, interfacial adhesion and flame retardant properties of intumescent flame-retardant EVA cable were investigated by mechanical test, resistance meter, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 test. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated silane precursor microencapsulated IFR were successfully prepared, and the water contact angle (WCA) results indicated that silane precursor results in the transformation of hydrophilic to hydrophobic of IFR surface. The characterization for the various properties of EVA composites demonstrated that silane precursor microencapsulation technology enhanced the interfacial adhesion, mechanical, electrical, thermal stability and flame retardancy of EVA/MCAPP/MCPER system. Furthermore, the water resistance test results demonstrate that EVA/MCAPP/MCPER composites have good water durability. This investigation provides a formulation for the industrial application as insulated materials of EVA cable with excellent properties.     

水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料耐火性能研究

以水性乳液为基体,聚磷酸铵(APP)、三聚氰胺(MEL)、季戊四醇(PER)为膨胀阻燃体系,通过添加可膨胀石墨(EG)和绢云母制备了水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料;研究了基体拼合、膨胀阻燃体系配比、EG与绢云母配比对钢结构防火涂料性能的影响。结果表明,氯偏乳液与纯丙AC261P乳液质量比为22∶3,APP/MEL/PER的质量比为4∶3∶3,可膨胀石墨和绢云母的质量比为5∶3时,制备的防火涂料受热后形成的炭质层与钢板粘附性好、强度高,膨胀倍率大,持续耐火性能最好,受热4500s后钢板背面温度维持在223℃。