预辐照线形低密度聚乙烯反应挤出接枝衣康酸的制备、表征及性能

以衣康酸（IA）为单体，利用β射线预辐照引发技术，采用反应型双螺杆挤出机制备了线形低密度聚乙烯接枝衣康酸（PE—LLD-g-1A）。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和差热扫描量热法对PE—LLD-g-IA的结构和热性能进行了表征，用化学滴定法测定了PE-LLD-g—IA的接枝率，研究了预辐照剂量，衣康酸（IA）单体用量和反应温度对接枝率的影响，对接枝产物的力学性能和黏结性能进行了表征。结果发现：PE—LLD-g—IA在1712cm^-1处有明显的羰基特征吸收峰，队分子确实接枝到线形低密度聚乙烯（PE—LLD）分子链上；接枝率随单体浓度、预辐照剂量及挤出温度的增加而增加；与纯PE—LLD相比，PE—LLD-g-IA的结晶温度升高；接枝产物的力学性能无明显变化；接枝产物与金属铝的剥离强度达2．5N／mm。     

聚丙烯／茂金属线形低密度聚乙烯的熔融行为和等温结晶动力学

用示差扫描量热仪测定了共聚聚丙烯（PP）伐金属线形低密度聚乙烯（m—PE—LLD）共混体系的熔融和等温结晶动力学。结果发现，m-PE—LLD和PP主体中PE链段之间存在相互作用。用Avrami方程对共混体系的等温结晶动力学进行了研究，m—PE—LLD的加入对PP的结晶动力学参数影响不大，说明m—PE—LLD的加入没有起到异相成核作用，而是使PP的晶体生长更加完整。由于两者的相容性，m—PE—LLD的加入明显降低了结晶温度下的过冷度，而使整体结晶速率有所下降。用Friedman方程计算了体系的结晶活化能，发现m—PE—LLD的加入提高了结晶活化能。同时还用Hoffman—Lauritzen理论计算了体系成核参数Kg。     

硅烷接枝PE-LLD结晶行为的研究

用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、差示扫描量热仪（DsC）分析了熔融接枝反应对线形低密度聚乙烯（PE—LLD）晶体结构和熔融行为的影响，并对晶体结构和熔融行为之间的关系进行了初步探索。结果表明：随着接枝率增加，晶面间距基本不变，晶粒尺寸逐渐减小；接枝后熔点降低，DSC曲线对应的高温熔融峰，即稳定的正交晶型因重排受阻，其含量逐渐减小，低温熔融峰对应的非稳定晶型逐渐增多。将XRD得到的晶粒大小代入Tbomas-Chbbs方程，求得正交晶型的理论熔融温度与DSC的高温熔融温度基本符合，表明PE-LLD接枝后熔融行为的变化是由晶粒尺寸和晶型的改变造成的。     

聚乳酸/马来酸酐接枝线形低密度聚乙烯合金的制备及其发泡行为研究

通过熔融共混法制备聚乳酸（PLA）/马来酸酐接枝线形低密度聚乙烯（PE-LLD-g-MAH）合金,使用差示扫描量热仪、旋转流变仪、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜等仪器研究了不同PE-LLD-g-MAH含量的PLA合金的结晶性能、流变性能、断面形貌及发泡性能等。结果表明,随着PE-LLD-g-MAH含量的增加,PLA/PE-LLD-g-MAH合金的冷结晶温度大幅提高和流变性能明显改善,样品断面出现了明显的“海岛”结构,发泡样品的泡孔尺寸逐渐减小,泡孔密度增加。     

线形低密度聚乙烯粉料固相光接枝丙烯酸的研究

采用接枝率测定、红外光谱、光电子能谱、接触角、剥离强度等测试，研究了紫外线（UV）引发丙烯酸（AA）固相表面接枝线形低密度聚乙烯（PBLLD）粉料的影响因素（温度、单体浓度和反应时间），接枝PE—LLD表面结构、微观形态和性能。结果表明：UV能高效地引发AA在PE-LLD材料表面接枝聚合，随辐照时间延长、温度升高和单体浓度增大，接枝率增大，在实验条件下达到满足实际应用所需接枝率（约0．5％质量含量）的反应时问可达分钟数量级。接枝改性后，PE-LLD与水的接触角下降，亲水性增强；对钢材和聚乙烯黏接强度提高。     

聚丙烯固相接枝甲基丙烯酸丁酯的非等温结晶与熔融行为

本文利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纯聚丙烯(PP)和不同接枝率的聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PP—g—BMA)的非等温结晶和熔融行为。研究结果表明：聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸丁酯由于空间位阻较大．破坏分子链的规整性作用大干内增塑对聚丙烯结晶能力的促进作用。导致PP结晶能力降低，结晶度变小，结晶和熔融焓均下降。     

超临界CO_2微孔发泡PE–LLD/PE–UHMW共混物

研究了线型低密度聚乙烯(PE–LLD)/超高分子量聚乙烯(PE–UHMW)共混物的超临界CO2微孔发泡行为,探讨了PE–UHMW含量、发泡温度和饱和压力对泡孔形貌的影响。采用差示扫描量热仪和旋转流变仪对PE–LLD及其共混物的热性质和流变性质进行了测试和表征,并通过扫描电子显微镜表征和分析了发泡样品的泡孔形貌。结果表明,少量PE–UHMW的加入可以显著降低PE–LLD发泡样品的孔径,增加孔密度。随着发泡温度的升高,PE–LLD样品的泡孔结构会发生塌陷现象,而加入少量PE–UHMW可以提高基体的黏度,起到支撑孔壁防止塌陷的作用,并最终得到均匀的开孔结构。另一方面,当温度一定时,饱和压力升高可以降低孔径并且得到开孔形貌的泡孔结构。     

室温自交联低密度聚乙烯结晶动力学的研究

采用硅烷接枝、交联两步法制备了室温自交联低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD）,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪研究了硅烷接枝和室温自交联对PE-LD结晶性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷接枝和自交联反应对PE-LD的结晶行为有明显的影响,接枝和交联后,PE-LD的Avrami指数在3.8～6.0之间,高于纯PE-LD;Avrami指数随引发剂含量的增加先增加后降低,随催化剂含量的增加而降低;硅烷接枝PE-LD的结晶动力学速率常数高于纯PE-LD,而交联PE-LD的结晶动力学速率常数低于纯PE-LD。     

丙烯酸和苯乙烯改性PP/PS结晶与熔融行为

制备了苯乙烯（St）、St与丙烯酸（AA）混合物、丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-AA）改性聚丙烯／聚苯乙烯（PP／PS）共混物以及AA，St改性PP（原位形成PP／PS共混物）。用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了3种改性方法对共混物中PP结晶与熔融行为的影响。结果表明，PS对PP的结晶与熔融温度影响不大，PP-g-AA则提高共混物中PP的结晶温度。St以及St与AA混合单体对PP／PS中PP结晶温度影响不大，但AA改性提高PP／PS中PP结晶温度。St加入PP导致PP结晶温度下降，St与AA混合单体原位聚合则提高PP的结晶温度。改性对共混物中PP的熔融温度影响不大，但是熔融峰形与结晶温度高低有关。红外光谱证实St与AA混合单体改性PP中有PP-g-AA形成，但改性共混物中没有PP-g-AA形成。     

硅烷接枝LLDPE结晶结构的研究

用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了接枝率对硅烷接枝线型低密度聚乙烯(SGLLDPE)晶体结构和熔融行为的影响,并对晶体结构和熔融行为之间的关系进行了初步探索。结果表明:随着接枝率增加,晶面间距基本不变,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;接枝后熔点降低且低温熔融峰热流量逐渐增大,高温熔融峰热流量逐渐减小。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。