Optimization of Subcritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Hansen Solubility Parameters

ABSTRACT:  Process engineering operations in food and nutraceutical industries pertaining to the design of extraction of value-added products from biomass using pressurized liquids involve a careful selection of the solvent and optimal temperature conditions to achieve maximum yield. Complex molecular structure and limited physical property data in the literature of biological solutes extracted from biomass compounds have necessitated the process modeling of such operations. In this study, we have applied the Hansen 3-dimensional solubility parameter concept to optimize the extraction of molecularly complex solutes using subcritical fluid solvents. Hansen solubility spheres characterized by the relative energy differences (RED) have been used to characterize and quantify the solute–subcritical solvent interactions as a function of temperature. The solvent power of subcritical water and compressed hydroethanolic mixtures above their boiling points has been characterized using the above-mentioned method. The use of group contribution methods in collaboration with computerized algorithms to plot the Hansen spheres provides a quantitative prediction tool for optimizing the design of extraction conditions. The method can be used to estimate conditions for solute–solvent miscibility, an optimum temperature range for conducting extractions under pressurized conditions, and approximate extraction conditions of solutes from natural matrices.     

超临界流体萃取在葡萄皮渣利用方面应用的前景

论述了超临界流体萃取技术的原理、工艺流程及特点,对它在葡萄皮渣方面的应用进行探讨,为工业化生产提供了研究方向。     

超临界流体萃取在葡萄皮渣利用方面应用的前景

本文论述了超临界流体萃取技术的原理、工艺流程及特点，对它在葡萄皮渣方面的应用进行探讨，为工业化生产提供了研究方向。     

中药栀子超临界萃取物的挥发性成分研究

研究了栀子萃取的最佳工艺条件及其挥发油中的化学成分。以L9（3^4）正交设计对超临界萃取条件进行优化，GC-MS联用技术对挥发性成分进行定性及半定量分析。结果显示：55℃，35MPa，120min的萃取条件下挥发性成分的收率最高，超临界萃取产物的主要成分为亚油酸，棕榈酸，反，反-2，4-癸二烯醛，而传统水蒸汽蒸馏工艺下主要成分为反，反-2，4-癸二烯醛。与水蒸汽蒸馏工艺相比较。超临界流体萃取工艺且有革取率高。生产周期短的优点．     

Optimization of Focused Ultrasound Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Volatile Compounds and Antioxidants from Aromatic Plants

In this work, we have accomplished the optimization of focused ultrasound extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of volatile oils and phenolic compounds from aromatic plants such as rosemary, oregano, and chamomile. The response surface analysis was the overall procedure to tackle this work. On the one hand, the focused ultrasound extraction method of volatile compounds was studied based on the use of cyclohexane as extractant (chamomile required cyclohexane:isopropanol (95:5)), and three parameters were optimized (cycles, amplitude, and time) for each plant. The quantification of the volatile compounds was performed by means of GC?×?GC-MS analysis and the volatile oil concentration rounded 10–310 μg/g for the oregano; 7–2,920 μg/g for the rosemary, and 0.8–244.2 mg/g for the chamomile. In the SFE method, four parameters were studied (oven temperature, pressure, CO₂ flow, and EtOH?%). The total polyphenol content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu obtaining values from 1,000 to 12,000 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g plant. The antioxidant capacity was measured by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity obtaining values from 1.1 to 46.7 μmol Trolox equivalent/g plant.     

超临界CO2 萃取氧化羊脂中的挥发性香味成分

以萃取物的状态、气味特征及萃取率为指标,考察萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间的影响,确定超临界CO2 萃取氧化羊脂(过氧化值=197mmol 氧/kg 脂肪、酸值=3.90mg KOH/kg 脂肪)中挥发性香成分的较佳条件：萃取压力20MPa、温度45℃,分离釜Ⅰ压力4.8MPa、温度20℃,分离釜Ⅱ压力4.8MPa、温度20℃,CO2 流速45L/h,萃取时间1h。用GC-MS 和GC-O 分析萃取物,通过保留指数将二者的分析结果关联,得出对氧化羊脂香味起重要作用的是醛类和羧酸类,其中(E)-2- 己烯醛、(Z)-2- 庚烯醛、(E)-2- 辛烯醛、癸醛、(E)-2- 癸烯醛、(E,E)-2,4- 癸二烯醛等六种短链脂肪醛,及庚酸、壬酸、癸酸等三种短链脂肪羧酸认为是构成氧化羊脂香味的主要成分。     

超临界流体萃取技术及其应用

<正>早在1879年,Hannay等就发现超临界乙醇流体对无机盐固体具有显著的溶解能力,但超临界流体萃取(supercritical gluid extraction,SFE)却是在近30年来才迅速发展起来的一种新型物质分离、精制技术。所谓超临界流体(supercritical fluid,SCF)是指物质处于临界温度和临界压力时,成为单一相态,即超临界流体,在超临界状态下,流体的性质介于气体和液体之间,既具有与气体接近的粘度及高的扩散系数,又具有与液体相近的密度。在超临界点附近压     

Fruit and Vegetable Waste: Bioactive Compounds,Their Extraction,and Possible Utilization

Fruits and vegetables are the most utilized commodities among all horticultural crops. They are consumed raw, minimally processed, as well as processed, due to their nutrients and health‐promoting compounds. With the growing population and changing diet habits, the production and processing of horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables, have increased very significantly to fulfill the increasing demands. Significant losses and waste in the fresh and processing industries are becoming a serious nutritional, economical, and environmental problem. For example, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that losses and waste in fruits and vegetables are the highest among all types of foods, and may reach up to 60%. The processing operations of fruits and vegetables produce significant wastes of by‐products, which constitute about 25% to 30% of a whole commodity group. The waste is composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils, among others. These phytochemicals can be utilized in different industries including the food industry, for the development of functional or enriched foods, the health industry for medicines and pharmaceuticals, and the textile industry, among others. The use of waste for the production of various crucial bioactive components is an important step toward sustainable development. This review describes the types and nature of the waste that originates from fruits and vegetables, the bioactive components in the waste, their extraction techniques, and the potential utilization of the obtained bioactive compounds.     

超临界萃取技术及其应用研究

超临界流体萃取(SFE)技术开辟了分离工业的新领域,是一种新型的分离技术.本文对超临界萃取的基本原理进行了阐述,介绍了超临界萃取的特点及其在天然香料工业、食品和天然中草药等方面的应用和研究进展,并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望.     

蜈蚣藻中萜类化合物的超临界CO2 流体萃取及G C - M S 分析

对蜈蚣藻中萜类化合物进行提取、分离纯化和GC-MS 分析。采用正交试验研究超临界CO2 流体萃取蜈蚣藻中萜类化合物的条件,并用气相色谱- 质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析蜈蚣藻中萜类化合物的主要化学成分。正交试验结果显示：以得油量为指标,各萃取条件按对结果影响的顺序列为萃取压力＞萃取时间＞萃取温度=CO2 流速;最佳萃取条件为萃取压力30MPa、萃取时间2h、萃取温度40℃、CO2 流速10L/h。各浓度洗脱液经GC-MS 分析后,通过检索NIST 谱图库,并结合有关文献,从中初步确认出11 种萜类化合物。     

超临界流体萃取活性脂质的研究进展

简要综述了超临界流体在脂类萃取、分级方面的应用进展。重点探讨了高附加值油脂及高附加值活性成分的提取,例如从微生物、植物原料中萃取类胡萝卜色素,从脱臭馏出物中回收植物甾醇、生育酚和角鲨烯以及多不饱和脂肪酸和磷脂的分离分级研究。尽管一些商业规模的生产已获得了成功,但对于超临界流体中多组分脂类混合物的相行为及溶解性的理解非常不够,基础方面的研究仍然面临着严峻的考验。鉴于消费者对"天然"产品不断增长的需求,超临界流体技术在脂类加工中的应用前景受到关注。     

超临界萃取诺丽籽油工艺研究

本研究以诺丽籽为原料,应用超临界CO2萃取技术提取诺丽籽油,采用响应面试验研究了压力、温度、流速、时间等因素对萃取效果的影响,从而确定出诺丽籽油的适宜萃取条件.研究表明在萃取温度37℃、压力21 MPa,流速20 L/min、提取时间104 min时,诺丽籽油得率最高为20.35%,其中萃取温度和压力对提取率影响较大.     

超临界CO2 萃取鸡腿菇中的挥发性风味成分

运用超临界CO2 萃取技术提取鸡腿菇中的挥发性风味成分,采用正交试验研究萃取温度、萃取压力、分离温度、分离压力等因素对鸡腿菇挥发性风味成分萃取率的影响。结果表明：最佳提取工艺条件为萃取温度55℃、萃取压力20MPa、分离温度25℃、分离压力8MPa。通过气相色谱- 质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析萃取物,鉴定出25 种主要成分,其中亚油酸(52.67%)、硬脂酸(27.77%)和棕榈酸(13.66%)是构成鸡腿菇风味的主要挥发性成分。     

超临界流体二氧化碳萃取辣椒籽油初步研究

本文报导了使用超临界流体CO2萃取技术,提取和分离辣椒籽油和辣素的研究。研究采用三因素三水平正交试验方案,考察温度、压力、CO2气速对萃取量和萃取物组成以及油脂组成的影响。结果显示,影响萃取量及组成的主要因素是压力,其次是温度。实验表明,在实验条件下,存在固－流相界面的气膜阻力;调节压力及温度可实现对萃取物的辣素、油脂分离,同时可获得亚油酸含量极高的食用油。     

超临界流体工艺萃取茶叶香气成分

将前岭银毫茶作为样本,采用正交试验设计,对CO_2超临界流体萃取(supercritical fluid extraction,SFE)茶叶精油工艺条件进行研究,最佳萃取组合为:压力25 MPa、温度45℃、CO_2流量8 L/h、时间4 h。在此条件下,最大产率为2.57%。各因素对萃取率的影响主次为:时间压力温度流量。通过对萃取的精油进行气相色谱-质谱分析(gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis,GC-MS)鉴定以及感官评定,CO2SFE可将茶叶主要香气物质萃取出来,萃取的茶叶精油与原茶香味一致,有较高的产率,可以用于工业制备。     

超临界提取技术在中草药有效成分提取及质量检测上的应用

综述了国内外超临界流体提取技术在中草药有效成分提取以及中草药质量检测、分析中的应用。     

超临界流体萃取技术研究进展

超临界流体萃取 (SFE)是使用超临界流体作为溶剂的一种现代分离技术。与传统的方法相比 ,SFE具有处理温度低 ,萃取挥发性成分效果好 ,不发生氧化变质的优点。它能够用于香精香料、色素、油脂的萃取 ,在脱咖啡因和食品分析方面也有应用。本文回顾了SFE的研究历程 ,描述了该技术的概况、原理以及在食品工业中的应用。简单介绍了生产设备 ,并详细讨论了溶剂CO2 的特殊价值以及辅助溶剂的重要作用。最后 ,文章分析了该技术商业应用的主要问题 ,并对它的前景作了展望     

超临界流体萃取的应用技术研究

综述了流体材料、样品体制备以及改性剂选择等方面对超临界流体萃取(SFE)技术应用的影响,及其优化超临界流体萃取过程的研究进展。     

超临界流体军取的应用技术研究

综述了流体材料、样品体制备以及改性剂选择等方面对超临界流体萃取(SFE)技术应用的影响,及其优化超临界流体萃取过程的研究进展.