城市污水处理厂地下水环境影响评价方法

设置城市污水处理厂的意义在于减少污水处理厂中的生活污水和工业废水的直接排放。城市污水回用是解决当前水危机的重要途径。近年来,污水的再生和回用发展迅速,实际应用日益成熟,引起了广泛的关注。系统回顾了城市污水回用的发展历史,国内外污水回用的现状和差异,分析了我国废水回用的问题和可能的解决方案,指出了未来废水回用的发展趋势。     

污水回用技术进展与发展趋势

城市污水回用技术在工业发达国家得到了广泛的应用,我国污水回用方面同样获得了很大成就,在城市和工业污水经再生处理后,回用于工业和城市生活杂用水上取得了不少的经验。通过考察国内外污水回用技术的发展及应用现状,提出了污水回用的发展方向。     

城市污水的回用

综述了城市污水现状及回用的必要性,分析了污水回用的效益及难点,从多个角度论述了污水回用途径及污水热能利用,最后展望了污水回用前景。     

二级污水回用于电力生产八年

近年来，城市污水厂的处理污水在工业和农业生产中的回用受到普遍的关注。几木新近出版的出版物都谈到了膜技术在二级和三级污水回用中的应用，实际上膜技术在该领域已应用了许多年。     

城市污水再生与景观河道利用工艺方案探讨

通过对相关案例和水质标准的分析,阐述深度处理和生态净化对污水景观河道回用的重要意义;提出改善回灌河道水质和确保生态安全的城市污水“三级处理＋生态净化＋河道修复”工艺;以宁波市南区污水处理厂污水再生回用工程工艺设计为例,从河道水体现状、再生水水质水量、投资与效益及配套保障措施等方面,探讨采用该工艺进行城市污水尾水再生和景观河道回灌,实现生态环境利用的技术经济可行性.     

内蒙地区城市污水回用作电厂循环冷却水的可行性研究

污水回用是缓解我国水资源紧缺的有效途径之一。本文通过对城市污水回用作电厂循环冷却水时的水质、水量、处理技术及其经济、环境效益的分析,说明了内蒙地区城市污水回用于电厂的可行性。     

BAF+混凝沉淀组合工艺在市政污水回用中的应用

我国是水资源紧缺的国家,最大限度地利用好有限的水资源,一方面要节约用水,另一方面要提高水资源利用率。中水回用对我国环境发展有着重要的意义,也是提高水资源利用率的重要手段。介绍了城市污水厂排放的二级污水经过深度处理后作为工业用水的工程实例,希望可以为污水回用提供技术参考。     

污水回用作工业循环冷却水的影响因素研究

分析了城市二级处理污水回用时的影响因素。对国内外城市污水回用作循环冷却水的实践进行了总结并从给水和排水两方面考虑确立了相应的回用工艺。     

污水回用作石化工业循环冷却水的影响因素研究

分析了城市二级处理污水回用时的影响因素.对国内外城市污水回用作石化工业循环冷却水的实践进行了总结,并从给水和排水两方面考虑,确立了相应的回用工艺.     

中国拟建项目信息

项目：张湾截污工程，项目：大港区海水淡化（一期）工程，项目：望城污水处理厂项目，项目：污水回用项目，项目：城市污水处理厂项目，……[编者按]     

Development of water re-use treatment system for municipal wastewater

The move for environmental protection and preservation of clean water sources has given rise to the latest tendency in Japan toward reuse of waste water after advanced treatment. As a means of saving water and securing water sources, water reuse systems are beginning to be installed to treat waste water for reuse as flushing water and cooling water for air conditioners.This study was conducted with the aim of developing a compact high-performance water treatment system that may meet the stated requirement.Most water reuse systems in practical use today are based on biological treatment. With this process, treatment is slow and equipment takes up much space. In addition, it involves a large amount of sludge.In an attempt to overcome these disadvantages, we developed a physico- chemical treatment technique that combines the three elementary techniques of dissolved air flotation, foaming separation, and activated carbon packed electrolyzer, and that permits multifunctional treatment with compact equipment. The activated carbon packed electrolyzer, which forms the core of the new system, is a newly developed technique. The purification mechanism was established, and conditions of application to actual waste water were determined. The electrolyzer was combined with the dissolved air flotation and foaming separation methods, to make up an optimum system.With a 10 m³/d trially manufactured apparatus, a demonstration test on reuse of sewage was performed to study the performance and economics of the system. The desired target was achieved and prospects were gained for commercialization.     

Application of water system optimization in a titanium pigment plant ——Mathematical programming

钛白粉行业是化工行业中的耗水大户,具有较大的节水潜力。本文在对某钛白粉厂水系统现状进行调研的基础上,采用数学规划法,分别从废水直接回用和再生循环两方面对其水系统进行优化设计,结果表明,改造后的两种水系统均比改造前节约新鲜水用量40.0%,并且废水直接回用更加适合钛白粉行业开展节水工作。     

Adsorption of a spent reactive dyebath by a chitosan bed: study of water reuse,bed regeneration,and UV/Fenton oxidation

In the present paper, a facile process combining chitosan bed adsorption and the UV/Fenton advanced oxidation process for treatment and reuse of spent reactive dyebath waste has been developed. The chitosan bed was very effective in decolouring spent reactive dyebath waste by adsorption enrichment of CI Reactive Red 195, and the water and sodium sulphate therein could easily permeate through the chitosan bed and then be recycled. Although the resulting recycled dyebaths were used 10 times as reconstituted dyebaths for dyeing with CI Reactive Red 195, the colour difference and the relative unlevelness index changes of the dyed samples still remained within acceptable levels. That was also true for CI Reactive Blue 19 in the 11th recycling cycle. As a result, an average saving of 60.4% and 93.4% for water and sodium sulphate, respectively, was achieved with the reuse process for the 11 dyebaths. The exhausted chitosan bed can be regenerated three times by dilute alkali without any significant sacrifice of adsorbability or mass. Emissions of the elution concentrates generated from three regeneration runs of the chitosan bed and then treated by UV/Fenton oxidation were found to meet the most stringent emission standards for both chemical oxygen demand and colour in China. Results reveal that the process combining chitosan bed adsorption and UV/Fenton advanced oxidation is promising for treatment and reuse of spent reactive dyebath waste, which can potentially benefit the environment and reduce operating costs.     

关于自来水厂生产废水的回用

针对自来水厂生产废水的回用问题进行了探讨，对直接回用和处理后回用两种回用过程中所产生的水质问题进行了分析；针对不同的水质问题提出了处理方式；对于回用水系统的设计及运行提出了一些建议。     

石化企业水资源合理利用探讨

以福建炼油化工有限公司为例,采用污水回用和凝结水回用,新鲜水用量由原来的430t／h降低到250t／h,工艺废水排放量由原来的290t／h降低到110t／h,吨原油消耗水量和加工吨原油的工业废水排放量分别接近0．5t／t和0．2t／t。污水回用、凝结水回用不仅合理利用、节约了宝贵的水资源,而且减少了污水排放,降低了环境污染,有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

电镀工业园区污水处理部分工艺的选型

依据电镀集中园区废水的特点采取有针对性的分类收集,采用化学法＋膜生物（MBR）＋RO膜脱盐处理工艺达标排放和回用,对比了部分常见工艺的特点,包括中水回用系统的设计注意事项,强调电镀污水源头分流的意义。     

AquoMin: A software tool for Mass-Exchange Networks targeting and design

This study addresses the work developed at Process Integration Group of CPQ to build a software tool in the area of Pollution Prevention, regarding the Mass-Exchange Networks (MEN) targeting and design.Given a set of mass transfer operations and their limiting data, AquoMin can analyse different options to reduce fresh water consumption and minimise wastewater production. The available strategies to optimise these targets are (i) process without waste water reutilisation, (ii) process with waste reutilisation, and (iii) process with waste regeneration reuse. These options are analysed in two stages: first the targeting and then the design. The former stage uses algorithms based on pinch analysis to obtain the minimum consumption of external water and also the minimum wastewater production. These targets are then used in the second stage, the MEN design.The regeneration reuse strategy needs an extra step in the MEN design stage, which uses pinch analysis concepts to generate a mass balance model to obtain a set of optimal design parameters, the Split Operation Parameters (SOP). Furthermore, work on regeneration with recycle and reuse has been also developed. It was created a general algorithm to obtain the targets for this strategy: the external water source flowrate and the regeneration and recycle flowrate.A small AquoMin tutorial is presented using an Example Problem. The regeneration reuse strategy is focused and the methodology employed in both targeting and design stages were improved. Different scenarios evaluating the MEN structure's complexity and equipment cost were also developed and compared in the regeneration reuse strategy. In the regeneration recycle and reuse strategy, the Example Problem was used to emphasise a new option for the regeneration concentration value and the results of all the strategies are compared.Finally, a five operations’ Case Study was solved to obtain the targets and designs to accomplish the three Process Integration Strategies with a final reduction of 60% in the fresh water consumption.     

Surplus diagram and cascade analysis technique for targeting property-based material reuse network

Recycle of process and waste streams are among the most effective resource conservation and waste reduction strategies. In many cases, recycle/reuse is dictated by sink constraints on properties of the recycled streams. In this work, we introduce an algebraic technique to establish rigorous targets on the minimum usage of fresh resources, maximum direct reuse, and minimum waste discharge for property-based material reuse network. Two new tools have been developed. A new graphical tool called the property surplus diagram is firstly introduced to provide a basic framework for determining rigorous targets for minimum fresh usage, maximum recycle, and minimum waste discharge. The tools also determine the property-based material recycle pinch location. The Property Cascade Analysis (PCA) technique is next established to set targets via a tabular approach. PCA eliminates the iterative steps typically associated with a graphical approach. Along with the minimum fresh and waste targets, the material allocation target is another key feature of the PCA. A network design technique is also presented in this paper to synthesise a maximum resource recovery (MRR) network that achieves the various established targets. The procedures developed in this paper constitute a generalisation to the composition-based graphical and algebraic techniques developed for water and hydrogen recovery networks. Two case studies are solved to illustrate the applicability of the developed procedures.     

高压法三聚氰胺生产技术的进展与应用

分别介绍了荷兰SLP、日本NISSAN、意大利ETCE等先进高压法三聚氰胺生产工艺;简述了我国三聚氰胺产业的发展历程和现状;总结了国内高压法三聚氰胺装置在尾气回收、废水回用、废渣处理以及产能规模等方面的技改措施和效果;对联产三聚氰胺的化肥企业提出了合理选择规模、延伸产业链、注重"三废"治理等建议。     

焦化污水零排放和水循环系统的建立

焦化污水通过采用生化处理、深度处理和中水回用技术处理后,用作循环水补充水,能节约新水,实现污水零排放和水资源的综合利用,取得一定的经济效益和社会效益。