离心泵叶轮主要几何参数与反作用度之间的关系研究

反作用度对离心泵叶片的形状有很大的影响,在离心泵叶轮的水力设计中应该予以考虑。基于反作用度的定义,建立了反作用度与离心泵叶片几何参数的关系;同时用数学方法论证了离心泵反作用度与叶片出口角之间的关系;在此基础上,探讨了比转速与反作用度的关系。分析表明:反作用度随比转速的增大而增大。考虑反作用度对叶轮流道的影响作用,将推导出的公式应用于离心泵的水力设计中,预估叶片进口角,以减小了冲角选取的盲目性。     

一种低比转数耐磨离心泵水力模型的研究

速度系数法是设计离心泵过流部件的常规方法,建立在前人大量的数据统计基础上,形成了一般系数选取规律,它适用于普通离心泵设计。但对于低比转数离心泵,改变叶片出口角度等设计参数时,原有统计数据不再有效,需要探索新的设计规律。本文提出一种新的低比转数离心泵水力模型应用于耐磨泵设计,做了几个应用案例,通过水力试验结果并辅以CFD计算验证,确定了该水力模型对应的速度系数,充实了离心泵设计水力模型库。     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

叶片厚度对混流式核主泵叶轮能量性能影响研究

基于三维不可压缩流体N-S方程和RNGκ-ε湍流模型,对混流式核主泵叶轮水力模型的能量性能进行了数值预测,研究了不同叶片厚度及其分布规律对混流叶轮模型水力性能的影响。通过分析叶轮叶片压力面、吸力面的静压分布,获得叶片表面的载荷分布及其变化规律。结果表明:随着叶轮叶片厚度减薄,最高效率值有所增大且高效点向大流量工况偏移;当叶片最厚处位置在靠近进口边约1/3处时,叶轮水力效率值最大;随着叶片最厚位置由进口向出口移动时,最高效率点向大流量工况偏移。     

基于叶片翼型负荷的螺旋离心泵叶轮域能量转换机理

为了研究螺旋离心泵叶轮做功原理以及能量转换机理,应用计算流体力学原理对100LN-7型螺旋离心泵进行数值模拟,由此获得螺旋离心泵叶轮域速度参数,在引入动静扬程和负荷系数基础上,将欧拉方程用速度表示,建立试验方案。在叶片负荷翼型理论下,应用欧拉方程将螺旋离心泵的能量转换与叶轮几何形状、尺寸联系起来,分析沿叶轮包角的能量变化,揭示螺旋离心泵叶轮域能量转换特性。结果表明叶轮作为泵内做功核心部件,其螺旋段螺旋推进作用提供了能量传递,离心段完成能量转换,叶轮的螺旋段螺旋推进作用和离心段的能量转换相互配合,构成了螺旋离心泵工作的过程。其中,叶片翼型负荷中的升力对叶片做功贡献最大,这一结论对于提高螺旋离心泵叶轮水力设计具有重要的意义。     

Cavitation optimization for a centrifugal pump impeller by using orthogonal design of experiment

Cavitation is one of the most important performance of centrifugal pumps. However, the current optimization works of centrifugal pump are mostly focusing on hydraulic efficiency only, which may result in poor cavitation performance. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate solution to improve cavitation performance with acceptable efficiency. In this paper, to improve the cavitation performance of a centrifugal pump with a vaned diffuser, the influence of impeller geometric parameters on the cavitation of the pump is investigated using the orthogonal design of experiment(DOE) based on computational fluid dynamics. The impeller inlet diameter D_1, inlet incidence angle Δβ, and blade wrap angle φ are selected as the main impeller geometric parameters and the orthogonal experiment of L_9(3*3) is performed. Three-dimensional steady simulations for cavitation are conducted by using constant gas mass fraction model with second-order upwind, and the predicated cavitation performance is validated by laboratory experiment. The optimization results are obtained by the range analysis method to improve cavitation performance without obvious decreasing the efficiency of the centrifugal pump. The internal flow of the pump is analyzed in order to identify the flow behavior that can affect cavitation performance. The results show that D_1 has the greatest influence on the pump cavitation and the final optimized impeller provides better flow distribution at blade leading edge. The final optimized impeller accomplishes better cavitation and hydraulic performance and the NPSHR decreases by 0.63 m compared with the original one. The presented work supplies a feasible route in engineering practice to optimize a centrifugal pump impeller for better cavitation performance.     

基于CFD技术改善双吸离心泵叶轮性能

介绍了低比速离心泵特点,阐述计算的控制方程和叶轮通道网格划分方法.运用CFD软件FLUENT对不同叶片形式叶轮流道进行三维湍流流动计算.计算采用压强连接的隐式修正SIMPLEC算法和雷诺平均法的RNG k-ε湍流模型.根据计算结果分析叶片形式对流速分布、压力分布的影响,揭示叶轮内流动规律,提高低比速离心泵优化设计的水平.     

多级离心泵叶轮口环磨损监测方法研究

采用计算流体动力学理论对多级离心泵整机流场进行了建模,分析了多级离心泵口环间隙对整机流场的影响,得到了多级离心泵效率随口环磨损变化的曲线,引入了轴向振动指标,将效率与轴向振动相结合,提出一种口环磨损量实时监测评估方法。建立了多级离心泵实验台,将实验结果与模拟结果相对比,验证了所提出方法的可行性。通过实验分析了口环磨损故障与叶轮腐蚀以及堵塞故障的特点,排除了叶轮腐蚀及堵塞对口环磨损实时监测的影响,完善了所提出方法。     

基于正交设计法的中比转速泵无过载优化设计

以D82-19-2型中比转速离心泵为研究对象,选取导叶喉部面积、叶片数、叶片包角、叶轮出口直径、叶轮出口宽度、叶片出口角、叶轮进口直径7个参数为变量,运用正交设计法制定七因素三水平正交方案L18(37),借助数值模拟方法对泵的性能进行预测,通过分析得到了几何参数对中比转速离心泵性能影响的主次顺序:叶片数对扬程和效率的影响起主要作用,叶片包角对轴功率的影响起主要作用;正交优化方案的数值模拟结果表明,该方案既满足无过载性能的要求,又保持了较高的效率,可为中比转速离心泵无过载设计提供参考。     

圆柱形叶片潜油离心泵流场的三维数值分析

采用CFD方法研究了潜油离心泵的内部流场，讨论分析了3种不同工况下叶轮和导轮的数值计算结果。数值模拟捕捉到了离心泵内部许多不良流动现象，探讨了影响离心泵效率的原因。泵在设计工况有着良好的流动性能，在非设计工况出现了不良流动现象，影响了泵的效率。计算结果还显示：潜油泵叶轮有较好的水力性能，而潜油泵导轮的水力性能是不完善的，效率较低。     

长短叶片离心泵汽蚀性能数值模拟分析及实验研究

为提高离心泵的汽蚀性能,利用CFD数值模拟分析与实验研究相结合的方法对长短叶片离心泵在不同汽蚀余量时叶轮内部气液两相的分布规律进行分析研究,分析了3种不同短叶片进口直径在不同汽蚀工况时气泡分布情况对叶轮内部流动和性能的影响。分析结果表明:选择合理短叶片的进口直径可以有效提高离心泵的抗汽蚀性能,避免叶轮进口堵塞和流道内发生漩涡汽蚀。当汽蚀余量减小到一定程度,离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.65D2(D2为叶轮外径)时,在长叶片和短叶片的背面都会出现漩涡汽蚀区;当离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.75D2时,在长叶片背面与短叶片工作面间的流道内会出现两个漩涡汽蚀区;当离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.85D2时,离心泵的抗汽蚀性能最佳。     

极低比转速叶轮内流体的流动分析和叶轮的设计

通过分析得出影响低比转速离心泵效率的主要原因是在叶轮出口存在二次流、边界层的分离等而引起的射流一尾迹结构并提出了改进的方法。实例表明文中提出的加大叶轮出口宽度,采用较大的叶片出口安放角,较大的叶片包角和叶片的线型前部采用较小曲率半径,后部分采用较大的曲率半径等叶轮设计方法能够设计出具有较高效率和较好性能的低比转速离心泵。     

Influence of blade wrap angle on centrifugal pump performance by numerical and experimental study

The existing research on improving the hydraulic performance of centrifugal pumps mainly focuses on the design method and the parameter optimization. The traditional design method for centrifugal impellers relies more on experience of engineers that typically only satisfies the continuity equation of the fluid. In this study, on the basis of the direct and inverse iteration design method which simultaneously solves the continuity and motion equations of the fluid and shapes the blade geometry by controlling the wrap angle, three centrifugal pump impellers are designed by altering blade wrap angles while keeping other parameters constant. The three-dimensional flow fields in three centrifugal pumps are numerically simulated, and the simulation results illustrate that the blade with larger wrap angle has more powerful control ability on the flow pattern in impeller. The three pumps have nearly the same pressure distributions at the small flow rate, but the pressure gradient increase in the pump with the largest wrap angle is smoother than the other two pumps at the design and large flow rates. The pump head and efficiency are also influenced by the blade wrap angle. The highest head and efficiency are also observed for the largest angle. An experiment rig is designed and built to test the performance of the pump with the largest wrap angle. The test results show that the wide space of its efficiency area and the stability of its operation ensure the excellent performance of the design method and verify the numerical analysis. The analysis on influence of the blade wrap angle for centrifugal pump performance in this paper can be beneficial to the optimization design of the centrifugal pump.     

不同叶轮形式下离心泵整机非定常流场的数值研究

针对无短叶片、有长短叶片和短短叶片三种叶轮的离心泵,采用非定常CFD方法数值分析了设计工况点的整机全三维流场,讨论了不同叶片形式对水泵扬程、进出口压力波动及叶片表面和中央回转面内参数分布的影响。其中,与无短叶片情况相比较,详细分析了短叶片的有无和短叶片尺寸对泵内流场的影响;并对一个压力波动周期内,由于叶片和蜗舌相对位置不同内部流场的变化给出了相应的分析结果。从动力学角度对降低水泵的振动和噪声提供了有益的分析结果。     

低比转数离心泵驼峰现象的CFD分析

为揭示低比转数离心泵性能曲线产生驼峰现象的内流机理,采用RANS方法算法对一低比转数离心泵2个方案(有驼峰和无驼峰)下的内部进行了全流场CFD计算,重点分析了驼峰现象产生时2个方案内部流动结构的差异。结果表明:性能曲线出现驼峰时,2个方案的靠近蜗壳隔舌的叶轮流道内的流动结构差异最为明显;该流道内叶片压力面的低速区会明显增大并伴有漩涡流动;该流道进口也会出现明显的漩涡流动引起进口冲击损失增加;同时该流道出口的"射流-尾迹"现象也会突变,引起出口(混合)水力损失增加。因此这些损失的增大是引起驼峰现象的重要原因。     

MULTIOBJECT OPTIMIZATION OF A CENTRIFUGAL IMPELLER USING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS

Application of the multiobjective evolutionary algorithms to the aerodynamic optimization design of a centrifugal impeller is presented. The aerodynamic performance of a centrifugal impeller is evaluated by using the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solutions. The typical centrifugal impeller is redesigned for maximization of the pressure rise and blade load and minimization of the rotational total pressure loss at the given flow conditions. The Bezier curves are used to parameterize the three-dimensional impeller blade shape. The present method obtains many reasonable Pareto optimal designs that outperform the original centrifugal impeller. Detailed observation of the certain Pareto optimal design demonstrates the feasibility of the present multiobjective optimization method tool for turbomachinery design.     

航空燃油离心泵抗汽蚀优化设计及仿真

针对航空燃油离心泵工作时出现的汽蚀问题,采用正交试验法对离心泵叶轮进行优化设计.选取叶轮出口直径D2、叶轮出口宽度b2、叶片数Z、叶片厚度H为正交试验的4个因素,完成了正交试验并对试验结果进行极差分析,得到了以泵汽蚀余量为优化指标的影响排序,并最终获得最优参数组合.通过流场仿真对现用离心泵和优化后离心泵的泵汽蚀余量和蒸...     

基于CFD的离心通风机结构优化方法与试验对比

利用三维数值模拟的CFD方法,对某型号离心通风机的内流特性进行了分析,找出其结构存在的问题,运用CFD方法对其叶轮结构进行了优化设计,将改进前后的内流特性进行了数值和试验对比。结果表明,通风机的叶轮形状对其性能有明显影响,在改动较小的情况下,可显著提高通风机性能。     

叶片参数对离心泵关死点性能影响的试验分析

一直以来离心泵关死点扬程和功率都无法通过理论计算获得。以某比转数为92.7的离心泵为研究对象,试验测试了不同叶片出口角、叶片出口宽度和叶片数下关死点扬程和功率的变化规律。试验结果表明关死点扬程随着叶片出口角的增大变化较小,随着片出口宽度的增加一直增加,随着叶片数增加先减小后增大;3个参数对关死点功率的影响都比较复杂;3个参数对关死点性能的影响大小顺序为叶片出口宽度最大,叶片数次之,叶片数最小。研究结果对于现代离心泵的设计具有比较重要的参考意义。     

几何参数对离心叶轮强度和气动性能影响的研究

使用有限元计算软件和内部流场计算软件对所设计的几个具有不同几何尺寸的离心压气机叶轮的强度和气动性能进行了计算。结果表明反弯叶片可降低叶轮出口处叶片根部附近的应力,但会造成叶片根部前缘区域应力集中,且反弯叶轮的气动性能和原型叶轮差别不大。前倾叶片能在很大程度上降低叶轮出口处叶片根部应力,前倾角越大出口叶根处应力减小越多;随前倾角增大,叶轮气动性能恶化程度加剧;叶轮的背盘形状对叶轮的应力影响较大,尤其是出口处的背盘厚度对出口处叶片根部区域的应力起主因作用。研究得出叶片几何及背盘形状因素对叶轮应力分布的影响规律,另外还得到了叶片几何形状对气动性能的影响规律,这些工作为叶轮的多学科优化设计提供良好的基础。