基于SVM信号延拓改进的EEMD方法

为了抑制经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)中出现的端点效应和模态混叠现象,在信号组综合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)的基础上,从抑制信号干扰和噪声污染影响以及三次样条函数插值拟合误差逐级传播方面,提出利用信号支持向量机(support vector machines,简称SVM)延拓改进EEMD.通过对仿真和实测信号研究,比较了EMD和EEMD的分解,提出改进的EEMD方法不仅减少了虚假模态分量、避免了模态混叠,而且有效抑制了端点效应.与基于镜像延拓改进的EEMD方法比较表明,本研究方法的时频谱更加清晰,虚假模态分量更少,有效解决了端点效应引起的分解失真问题.     

A new method for multicomponent signal decomposition based on self-adaptive filtering

Since the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) lacks strict orthogonality, a new method for multicomponent signal decomposition, orthogonal empirical mode decomposition (OEMD), is proposed by this paper. The essential principle of this method is to obtain the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and the residue by self-adaptive band-pass filtering. Firstly, the feasibility of OEMD is theoretically analyzed, then its strict orthogonality and completeness is proved, and the orthogonal basis used in OEMD is generated. Secondly, the method of analytical band-pass filtering which preserves perfect band-pass feature in the frequency domain is presented, then two fast algorithms to implement OEMD are proposed, i.e. IMF sequential searching (ISS) algorithm and IMF binary searching (IBS) algorithm. The speed of IBS is faster than that of ISS, whereas IBS algorithm may obtain much more false IMFs than ISS when signals are of complex spectral constitutions. Finally, OEMD is applied to both synthetic signals and mechanical vibration signals, the results show that compared with EMD, OEMD better solves mode aliasing, avoids the occurrence of false mode, is free of end extension, and can be effectively applied to mechanical fault diagnosis.     

A Feature Extraction Method for the Wear of Milling Tools Based on the Hilbert Marginal Spectrum

Abstract

The Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) can adaptively delineate complex non-linear, non-stationary signals when used as the Hilbert–Huang marginal spectrum through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform, to highlight local features of signals. Characterized by high resolution, the Hilbert marginal spectrum has been widely applied in mechanical signal processing and fault diagnosis. In the research, an HHT based on the improved EMD was proposed to analyze the cutting force, vibration acceleration (AC), and acoustic emission (AE) signals during tool wear in the milling process. At first, the collected signals were subjected to range analysis, which revealed that tool wear was closely related to the signals collected during the cutting process. Then, EMD was applied to the signals, followed by variance analysis after calculating the energies of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) component. Afterwards, the IMF components significantly influenced by wear degree, while slightly influenced by the three cutting factors (cutting velocity, feed per tooth, and cutting depth), were selected as IMF sensitive to the degree of wear. The HHT was finally applied to the sensitive IMF components of signals containing major tool wear information, thus obtaining the Hilbert marginal spectra of the signals, which were able to reflect the changes in signal amplitude with frequency. On the basis of the Hilbert marginal spectrum, the method defined the feature energy function which was then used as the eigenvector for predicting tool wear in milling processes. The analysis of signals in four tool wear states indicated that the method can extract salient tool wear features.     

激光超声信号去噪的经验模态分解实现及改进

考虑激光超声检测过程中噪声对缺陷和材料特征分析和检测的影响,本文以激光超声信号去噪为目的,研究了基于经验模态分解（EMD）的激光超声信号时间尺度滤波过程。针对分解过程中固有模态函数（IMF）上有用信号与噪声的混叠现象对重构信噪比的影响,结合信号多模态和宽频带的特点,提出了基于峰度检验策略的时域加窗方法。该方法通过局部峰度检验判断重构起点附近IMF中有用信号的位置及信噪分界点,利用Turkey-Hanning窗保存有用信号,抑制噪声,实现信号与噪声的解混叠,改善重构信号质量。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的自适应性,有效识别并分离了信号和噪声成分,信噪改善比达14 dB以上,相对原始方法提升了3 dB,相对性能增强了20%,并且改进效果随信号受污染程度的加重而愈发突出,有望在高噪声水平下发挥优势。     

基于敏感分量与MCPG的轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障难以准确识别问题,提出了一种基于敏感分量与多卷积池化组(Multi convolution pooling group,MCPG)的故障诊断方法。首先,采用经验模态分解(Empirical mode decom?position,EMD)将原始信号分解成为多个固有模态分量(Intrinsic mode function,IMF),使用离散Fréchet距离作为衡量指标,选取出故障敏感分量作为表征不同故障类型的故障数据源;之后,提出了一种MCPG深度神经网络架构,并使用敏感数据源对模型进行训练与测试,从而实现数据驱动的轴承故障诊断。通过实验验证,表明该方法对不同类型的振动数据(不同转速、不同损伤类型、不同损伤程度)均具有较好的识别效果。     

基于自适应CEEMD的非平稳信号分析方法

由于标准的互补集总经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称CEEMD)在处理模态混叠问题时缺乏自适应性,其本质是分解信号获得的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)之间产生了一定的信息耦合现象,使IMF分量不能正确地反映信号的真实成分。因此,提出了在使用CEEMD分解信号的过程中嵌入网格搜索算法(grid search algorithm,简称GSA),以最小二乘互信息(least squares mutual information,简称LSMI)为网格搜索算法的适应度函数,构造一个自适应CEEMD方法。该算法通过自适应地搜索最佳的白噪声幅值,修正信号分解过程中产生的少量的耦合频率成分,确保每个IMF分量之间信息的正交性,以进一步抑制模态混叠问题。最后,通过仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性,并将该方法用于提取滚动轴承微故障的特征频率。实验结果表明,该算法在滚动轴承的微故障特征提取应用中具有更少的迭代数、IMF分量以及相对更小的计算量。     

基于EMD和分形维数的转子系统故障诊断

提出了一种基于EMD方法和分形维数的转子系统故障诊断方法。利用EMD方法将转子振动信号进行分解,得到若干个基本模式分量,然后将包含主要故障信息的几个基本模式分量相加得到降噪后的转子振动信号,求得降噪后的转子振动信号的分形维数。试验数据的分析结果表明,在不同的故障状态下,采用EMD方法对转子振动信号降噪后求得的分形维数是不同的,从而可以通过分形维数的大小有效地判断转子系统的工作状态和故障类型。     

EMD方法在烟机摩擦故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种将经验模式分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition，简称EMD）方法与传统信号处理技术相结合的故障诊断方法。首先将原始信号分解为若干基本模式分量（Intrinsic Mode Functions，简称IMFs），通过希尔波特变换得到每个IMF相应的瞬时频率，再对此瞬时频率曲线做傅里叶变换得到其频谱图，该频谱图即表示了对应IMF的调频频率。利用对应IMF组合成基于EMD的滤波轴心轨迹，这种轴心轨迹可以准确反映轴心的实际运行状况。将该方法应用于某炼油厂烟机摩擦故障诊断中，发现摩擦故障信号具有有色噪声分量存在、工频IMF的调频现象和基于EMD轴心轨迹的反转现象等特征。结果表明提出的方法在旋转设备摩擦故障诊断中非常有效。     

基于谱峭度和CEEMD的滚动轴承声信号故障诊断研究

使用声信号来诊断轴承故障越来越受到重视.针对滚动轴承故障信号的强背景噪声特点,提出一种基于谱峭度和互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)的故障特征提取方法.该方法首先对滚动轴承声信号进行快速谱峭度计算并进行带通滤波预处理,使滚动轴承声信号变得简单且噪声小,故障冲击成分明显;然后利用CEEMD将滤波信号进行分解运算,得到一系...     

基于MCKD和改进HHT多尺度模糊熵的齿轮故障诊断方法

针对齿轮故障信号常伴有大量噪声,故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)和改进希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)多尺度模糊熵的故障诊断方法。首先采用MCKD算法对采集到的齿轮振动信号进行降噪处理,以提高信号的信噪比;然后利用自适应白噪声完备经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)对降噪后信号进行分解,获得一系列不同尺度的固有模态函数(IMF),并通过相关系数-能量的虚假IMF评价方法选取对故障敏感的模态分量;最后计算敏感IMF分量的模糊熵,将获得的原信号多尺度的模糊熵作为状态特征参数输入最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)中,对齿轮的故障类型进行诊断。实测信号的诊断结果表明,该方法可实现齿轮故障的有效诊断。     

非平稳振动信号分析中Hilbert-Huang变换的对比研究

Hilbert-Huang变换是一种信号分析新方法,特别适合于对非平稳信号进行分析。介绍该方法的基本理论,并利用它对一个典型的旋转机械非平稳振动信号进行分析。然后通过与利用短时傅里叶变换和小波变换所得到的分析结果的对比,研究Hilbert—Huang变换在分析一般非平稳振动信号中的优势和缺陷。最后结合实际应用中遇到的问题,简要论述Hilbert—Huang变换中的经验模态分解在分析频率成分非常靠近的复杂信号时的不足和原因。研究结果表明,Hilbert—Huang变换和其他方法相比,具有分辨能力强、自适应分解、物理意义清晰、信息完整、形式简洁和易于精确分析等优点;同时也存在具有端点效应、实时性稍差和难以将复杂信号中特别靠近的频率成分分解为独立的本征模分量的缺陷。     

The application of energy operator demodulation approach based on EMD in machinery fault diagnosis

An energy operator demodulation approach based on EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) is proposed to extract the instantaneous frequencies and amplitudes of the multi-component amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated (AM-FM) signals. Furthermore the proposed approach is applied to machinery fault diagnosis. Firstly, EMD method is used to decompose a multi-component AM-FM signal into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IFMs). Secondly, the energy operator demodulation method is applied to each IMF and the instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies of a multi-component AM-FM signal are extracted. Finally, the spectrum analysis is applied to each instantaneous amplitude in order to obtain envelope spectra from which the mechanical fault can be diagnosed. The analysis results show that the energy operator demodulation approach based on EMD can extract the characteristic of machinery fault vibration signals efficiently.     

机械转子动静碰摩故障的EMD分解Hilbert包络谱分析

为避免碰摩故障对旋转机械的影响,针对转子系统局部碰摩的特征,提出一种基于EMD分解Hilbert包络谱分析方法。该珐利用EMD方法分解含有碰摩故障的振动信号,提取出的IMF分量有明显的调幅特征,再对其中突出的IMF分量进行Hilbert包络谱分析提取出故障特征频率。与倒谱分析相比,得到的碰摩故障信息更加精确;与小波分析相比,能更容易提取出真实的故障特征。     

基于EMD的冲击信号提取方法及其在设备故障诊断中的应用

提出一种基于经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)的冲击信号提取方法,利用该方法首先将含有周期性冲击的信号进行EMD分解,在分解后的高频段IMF中,存在着类似冲击响应信号的成分,这些成分是由原始信号中的周期性冲击引起的,通过包络解调方法,可以得到冲击响应信号出现的频率,该频率对应原信号中冲击信号出现的频率.由于碰摩故障发生时,往往伴随着周期性冲击信号的产生,故该方法可以应用于旋转设备碰摩故障诊断中.仿真信号和试验数据的分析结果表明,这种方法正确有效,可以应用于工程实际.     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换与理想带通滤波器的系统识别

针对经验模态分解存在模态混叠现象,提出基于Hilbert-Huang变换与理想带通滤波器的系统识别方法。该方法利用傅里叶变换得到结构加速度响应频响函数,粗略估计固有频率范围,通过半功率带宽法设计理想带通滤波器,定量化确定通带带宽,使信号在经过滤波器后频域内零相移,同时不改变其幅值谱。结构响应通过指定频带的理想带通滤波器产生若干窄带信号,利用经验模态分解获取结构模态响应,经Hilbert变换构造模态响应解析信号,并通过线性最小二乘拟合提取结构模态参数与物理参数。结果表明:半功率带宽法可实现带通滤波器频带的定量化设计,理想带通滤波器的零相移特点较好契合Hilbert-Huang变换用于系统识别的要求,两者结合可有效地解决模态混叠现象,减少虚假模态,大大提高结构系统识别精度。     

基于EMD和SVM的刀具故障诊断方法

为了解决刀具在切削过程中出现的故障,提出了基于经验模态分解(EMD)和支持向量机(SVM)的刀具故障诊断方法.该方法首先将经过标准化的声发射信号进行经验模态分解,将其分解为有限个固有模态函数(IMF)和残余量之和,然后对每个IMF分量通过一定的削减算法增强故障类型特征,计算每个IMF和残余项的能量以及整个信号的削减比作...     

Application of Hilbert–Huang Transform to acoustic emission signal for burn feature extraction in surface grinding process

This paper presents a sensor system using motor current sensors, voltage sensors, accelerator and acoustic emission sensor for grinding burn feature extraction. The new method, Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), was applied as a signal processing tool to digest the raw acoustic emission and accelerator signals and to extract grinding burn features. A filtering criterion using average energy percentage of IMF components was proposed in order to simplify the calculation. Five IMF components were selected based on this criterion and their marginal spectra were calculated. The marginal spectral amplitude of the first three IMF components and the spectral centroid of the last two IMF components clearly reflected the occurrence of grinding burn. Results indicate that the application of HHT to acoustic emission signals in grinding burn detection is of great potential. Besides, the wheel rotation speed can be successfully uncovered through the intrinsic mode function (IMF), which verified the physical meaning of the EMD method.     

基于多元经验模态分解互近似熵及GG聚类的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于多元经验模态分解（Multi-EMD）、互近似熵和GG聚类的滚动故障轴承诊断方法。首先,将振动信号进行多元经验模态分解,得到若干个内禀模态函数（IMF）分量和一个趋势项。然后,将IMF分量分别与原始信号进行相关性分析,筛选出前7个含主要特征信息的IMF分量,并将筛选的IMF分量的互近似熵作为特征向量。最后,将特征向量输入到GG模糊分类器中进行聚类识别。通过聚类三维图,对两种算法机械运行的4种状态进行了对比,验证了多元经验模态分解方法不仅可解决采样的不均衡问题,而且可解决EMD算法聚类的混叠问题。     

FAST IMPLEMENTATION OF ORTHOGONAL EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION AND ITS APPLICATION INTO HARMONIC DETECTION

Since the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） lacks strict orthogonality, the method of orthogonal empirical mode decomposition （OEMD） is innovationally proposed. The primary thought of this method is to obtain the intrinsic mode function （IMF） and the residual function by auto-adaptive band-pass filtering. OEMD is proved to preserve strict orthogonality and completeness theoretically, and the orthogonal basis function of OEMD is generated, then an algorithm to implement OEMD fast, IMF binary searching algorithm is built based on the point that the analytical band-pass filtering preserves perfect band-pass feature in the frequency domain. The application into harmonic detection shows that OEMD successfully conquers mode aliasing, avoids the occurrence of false mode, and is featured by fast computing speed. Furthermore, it can achieve harmonic detection accurately combined with the least square method.     

改进小波去噪Teager算子的齿轮微弱故障提取方法

针对齿轮箱在强噪声背景下齿轮微弱故障振动信号的特征不易被提取的问题,提出将改进小波去噪和Teager能量算子相结合的微弱故障特征提取方法。采用改进小波阈值函数对振动信号进行去噪处理,与形态学滤波和传统小波阈值函数相比能够有效地提高信号的信噪比。对去噪后的信号进行集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)得到若干本征模式函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),计算各IMF分量与原信号的相关系数并结合各IMF分量的频谱剔除虚假分量。对有效的IMF分量计算其Teager能量算子,并重构得到Teager能量谱,对重构信号进行时频分析并将其结果与原信号的希尔伯特黄变换(HilbertHuang transform,简称HHT)得到的边际谱进行对比。实验研究结果表明,本研究方法相比HHT能够对齿轮微弱故障特征进行更为有效地提取,验证了本研究方法在齿轮箱微弱故障诊断中的可行性。