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Hossein Zia Polireddy Dondeti Thomas E. Needham 《Particulate Science and Technology》1997,15(3):273-301
In this study, the effect of drug loading on the nasal absorption of insulin was determined. Human insulin was loaded into different drug carriers by two methods: supercritical fluid processing and freeze-drying. The powder formulations were characterized and then evaluated after nasal administration to alloxan induced diabetic rabbits at a dose of 5U/kg and 7.5U/kg. The blood glucose levels and serum insulin levels were monitored for five hours after administration of insulin formulations. The drug carriers evaluated were: ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG), polyacrylic acid (PAA), cross-linked polyacrylic acid (CPAA), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and chitosan (CHTN).
Nasal administration of AG infused with insulin by carbon dioxide resulted in absolute bioavailability of 9.81% as compared to 2.86% observed with same powder loaded with insulin by freeze-drying. 8.05% bioavailability was obtained with PAA powder loaded with insulin by carbon dioxide as compared to much lower absorption seen with freeze-dried formulation. Similarly a two fold increase in absolute bioavailability was observed when carbon dioxide infused CPAA powder formulation was compared to the lyophilized powder. Nasal administration of PEO and CHTN loaded with insulin by carbon dioxide resulted in bioavailabilities of 1.55% and 1. 18% respectively.
The drug-loading process seems to have a significant effect on nasal absorption of insulin. The powders loaded with insulin by carbon dioxide infusion resulted in significantly higher absorption. The exact mechanism is still not known and a possible explanation for increased absorption may be due to improved stability of insulin in carbon dioxide infused formulations. Among the powders evaluated, polyacrylic acid and ammonium glycyrrhizinate prepared by carbon dioxide infusion as drug-loading method seem to offer good potential for development of nasal powder dosage forms for insulin. 相似文献
Nasal administration of AG infused with insulin by carbon dioxide resulted in absolute bioavailability of 9.81% as compared to 2.86% observed with same powder loaded with insulin by freeze-drying. 8.05% bioavailability was obtained with PAA powder loaded with insulin by carbon dioxide as compared to much lower absorption seen with freeze-dried formulation. Similarly a two fold increase in absolute bioavailability was observed when carbon dioxide infused CPAA powder formulation was compared to the lyophilized powder. Nasal administration of PEO and CHTN loaded with insulin by carbon dioxide resulted in bioavailabilities of 1.55% and 1. 18% respectively.
The drug-loading process seems to have a significant effect on nasal absorption of insulin. The powders loaded with insulin by carbon dioxide infusion resulted in significantly higher absorption. The exact mechanism is still not known and a possible explanation for increased absorption may be due to improved stability of insulin in carbon dioxide infused formulations. Among the powders evaluated, polyacrylic acid and ammonium glycyrrhizinate prepared by carbon dioxide infusion as drug-loading method seem to offer good potential for development of nasal powder dosage forms for insulin. 相似文献
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在对聚苯乙烯在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度研究基础上 ,确定了聚苯乙烯超临界脱挥的操作条件是 ,温度为343K,压力为 1 8MPa。实验发现 ,CO2 流量与 PS投料比为 2 .0~ 3.0标 LCO2 /h.g PS较合适 ,在以上脱挥条件下 ,初始浓度为 1 %的 PS/St的聚合物体系脱挥 3h后 ,则可将 PS中的 St含量降低到约 2 60 ppm。 相似文献
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超临界流体插嵌技术的研究与应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对国内外超临界流体插嵌技术的研究进行了综述,介绍了超临界流体插嵌技术在高聚物材料改性、缓释材料的制备、均匀共混材料的制备等方面的应用,并就这一新兴技术的发展前景作了展望。 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper has been to present and exemplify a new and alternate method of return assessment. The method does have computational and mathematical advantage. It is also believed to have analytic advantage in that it is less susceptible to manipulation by base selection and more closely associated with performance measures which are relatively well defined. 相似文献
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超临界反溶剂过程制备乙基纤维素超细微粒 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
超临界反溶剂过程是近年来提出的一种制备纳微米粉体材料的新方法.文中利用超临界反溶剂过程制备乙基纤维素超细微粒.实验以乙醇为有机溶剂,超临界CO2为反溶剂,研究了操作压力、温度、溶液浓度、反溶剂流量等操作参数对制备的超细微粒的形态、粒径及其分布的影响.研究表明,采用乙醇作为有机溶剂可得到较理想的结果,能制备出平均直径在20 nm~40 nm范围内的乙基纤维素超细微粒.通过傅立叶红外光谱分析了乙基纤维素超细微粒结构,从特征基判断其结构未发生变化. 相似文献
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超临界抗溶剂技术制备聚乳酸微粒及表征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
超临界二氧化碳抗溶剂(SA S)技术可用来制备用于药物控释体系的载药聚合物超细粒子。本实验采用SA S过程制备并表征了作为药物缓释制剂的可生物降解聚乳酸微粒,得到了球形或椭圆形的PLLA粒子,并研究了聚合物分子量等对微粒形成的影响。此外还对PLLA载药微粒的载药量进行了测定。这项工作为载药微粒的进一步制备和研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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利用射频磁控溅射方法制备了具有CoSi2成分的非晶薄膜,对非晶薄膜的晶化过程进行了原位X射线分析。结果显示,溅射态薄膜为非晶态,而自由能一成分曲线说明非晶态合金有较低自由能。在非晶晶化过程中初生相为CoSi相,其形成由有效形成热(EHF)因素和结构因素决定。随加热温度升高,非晶薄膜晶化最终得到晶体CoSi2薄膜。 相似文献
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用离子束辅助沉积合成了TiN薄膜,背散射、X射线衍射和透射电镜实验的结果表明,在本实验条件下,薄膜Ti/N比接近于TiN的化学计量比,和氮离子束流密度无关。薄膜存在<100>择优取向,在一定条件下,可以形成只有(100)取向的TiN薄膜。 相似文献
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超临界水中废塑料的化学回收 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
论述了近年来废塑料在超临界水作用下的化学回收过程。介绍了超临界水的特性以及用超临界水对废塑料(PE、PP、PS)进行热解和部分氧化的工艺,以回收单体、油和氧化。指出我国应大力加强对该领域的研究。 相似文献
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纳米氧化锌改性胶粉/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用纳米氧化锌采用直接混合、球磨分散混合及超声分散混合法对胶粉进行了改性.并在开炼机上制备了纳米氧化锌改性胶粉/天然橡胶复舍材料。利用扫描电镜对纳米氧化锌的分散效果进行了考察,并测试了填充改性胶粉的天然橡胶复合材料的拉伸性能、撕裂强度及耐磨性。结果表明,超声分散混合法得到的试样中纳米氧化锌的分散情况较好,其中采用钛酸酯偶联剂改性的试样的性能最佳,与纳米氧化锌直接混合和添加活性氧化锌的试样相比其拉伸强度分别提高32%和55%,扯断伸长率分别提高7%和22%,撕裂强度分别提高28%和39%.耐磨性分别提高17%和7%。 相似文献
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化学氧化法合成聚吡咯的热分析研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用化学氧化聚合法合成聚合吡咯(PPY),利用热重(TG)-差热分析(DTA)和红外光谱(IR)对其升高温度发生的变化进行了研究。氮气和空气中合成的样品在空气中加热低于120℃时,分别表现为略有增重和失重;高于120℃时,失重特点相同,同一样品,在氮气和空气中加热表现出较大的差异,与掺杂氧的来源有关。 相似文献
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磁控溅射制备CrNx薄膜及其结构和性能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用反应磁控溅射技术制备了CrNx薄膜,并研究了氮气分压对CrNx薄膜的沉积速率、结构和摩擦系数的影响.研究发现采用反应磁控溅射技术能有效地抑制靶中毒现象,薄膜的沉积速率变化仅仅是由于氩和氮对靶的溅射产率不同造成的.通过调节不同的氮分压,可将CrNx薄膜的结构在很大的范围内调控,从Cr到Cr2N,到无定形,一直到CrN多种结晶形态的变化.且制备出的CrNx薄膜晶粒细小致密,晶粒和粒径分布都很均匀,晶粒在几十纳米左右.CrN薄膜的摩擦系数在0.70左右,无定形态CrNx和Cr2N的摩擦系数相对比较小,在0.20~0.30之间;Cr薄膜与钢球和氮化硅球对磨的摩擦系数相差比较大,分别为0.55和0.72. 相似文献
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采用射频磁控反应溅射在Si(100)衬底上制备了ZnO/AlN双层膜。使用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜(AFM)、LCR测试仪及荧光分光光度计等仪器对样品进行了结构、表面形貌、导电性及荧光光谱的测试,并与相同工艺下制备的ZnO单层薄膜进行了对比研究。结果表明,ZnO/AlN双层膜的c轴择优取向性优于单层ZnO薄膜,薄膜应力更小,且为压应力,晶粒尺寸大于单层膜,表面粗糙度较小,并且其电阻率更低。荧光光谱显示,ZnO/AlN双层膜的结晶质量更好。 相似文献