不同圆周及滤嘴通风率对卷烟主流烟气酚类成分释放量影响的气质联用分析

为明确不同圆周及滤嘴通风率对卷烟主流烟气酚类成分释放量的影响规律。建立了主流烟气粒相物中酚类成分释放量的气相色谱质谱检测方法,并分析了圆周及滤嘴通风率对酚类释放量的影响。各酚类成分工作曲线R~2在0.992～0.999之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.34%～9.27%,不同水平下的加标回收率为80.5%～106.8%。相同圆周卷烟,随滤嘴通风率的增大,酚类成分释放量呈逐渐降低的趋势,其中酚类成分释放量与滤嘴通风率之间线性相关(R~20.9)。相同滤嘴通风率卷烟,随卷烟圆周的增大,酚类成分释放量呈逐渐增加的趋势,其中酚类成分释放量与卷烟圆周之间线性相关(R~20.9)。方差分析表明滤嘴通风率和卷烟圆周及两者的交互作用均对主流烟气中酚类成分释放量有显著影响。上述规律可以为烟支参数的设计提供参考。     

柠檬酸选择性降低烟气烟碱

研究滤嘴添加剂-柠檬酸对主流烟气的影响,实验结果表明:冷冻干燥法吸附效率明显高于注射添加,冷冻干燥法在不改变烟支物理状态的条件下,能降低烟气的pH值,相对选择性降低主流烟气的烟碱,5mg支/的添加量能降低烟气烟碱高达17.88%,对烟气中的游离烟碱降低更为有效(5mg支/的添加量能降低游离烟碱36.8%)。同时卷烟感官评价结果表明添加柠檬酸对卷烟烟气劲头、刺激、细腻程度、干燥感、杂气等都有一定的改善作用。     

沸石分子筛吸附性能及其在烟气减害中的应用研究

为研究开发烟气减害新型材料,合成了高硅型Y型沸石分子筛颗粒和ZSM-5型沸石分子筛颗粒,对材料物化性质进行了表征,并将其分别添加至三元复合滤棒卷制卷烟,进行烟气减害性能评价及感官质量评价。结果表明:合成的两种分子筛颗粒满足滤棒生产上机适用性需求,卷烟试验样与对照样相比,烟气三项指标烟碱、焦油量及一氧化碳量基本不变;Y型分子筛颗粒对烟气七项有害成分中的HCN、巴豆醛的降低率分别为10.2%和7.1%,ZSM-5型沸石分子筛颗粒对烟气七项有害成分中HCN、巴豆醛、B[a]P的降低率分别为20.1%,10.6%和14.4%,烟气评价指数降低0.5。两种分子筛颗粒对卷烟感官质量影响不大。     

不同茶叶替代烟叶对咖啡碱烟碱的影响

将不同茶叶直接添加于卷烟烟丝中,收集萃取烟气中的烟碱和咖啡碱,用紫外分光光度法定量分析主流烟气中烟碱以及咖啡碱的变化。结果表明,茶叶能够有效的影响烟气烟碱含量,其中当绿茶添加量为20%时烟气的咖啡碱含量达到最大,同时烟碱含量降到最小。     

卷烟主流烟气TPM及其pH与烟气烟碱量的关系

研究了16种不同牌号卷烟主流烟气总粒相物(TPM)及其pH与其烟气烟碱量的关系。结果表明,总粒相物与烟气烟碱量之间的关联性比较显著,烟气烟碱量较大的牌号,其烟气总粒相物也较大。该研究对于人们的吸食健康有一定的指导意义。     

抽吸方式对卷烟主流烟气总粒相物pH的影响

为考察不同抽吸方式对卷烟主流烟气总粒相物p H和化学成分的影响,采用ISO和Health Canada 2种抽吸方式分别抽吸了7种市售卷烟,然后测定总粒相物和烟碱释放量的差异以及总粒相物p H值的变化。研究表明:与ISO方案相比,采用Health Canada深度抽吸方式,总粒相物和烟碱释放量均有显著提高,但p H的增幅较小。     

柠檬酸二乙酯选择性降低烟气烟碱

通过在卷烟滤嘴中添加柠檬酸二乙酯,在不改变烟支物理状态的条件下,能够有选择性降低主流烟气的烟碱,而基本不改变焦油等其他烟气常规成分。同时卷烟感官评价结果表明添加柠檬酸二乙酯对卷烟烟气劲头、刺激、细腻程度、干燥感、杂气等都有一定的改善作用。     

热脱附—气相色谱/质谱联用分析卷烟主流烟气主要气相有机化合物

以热脱附法捕集卷烟主流烟气气相成分,利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪对卷烟主流烟气气相成分进行了分析,并以内标为参照,计算卷烟主流烟气主要气相有机化合物的相对释放量。     

不同卷烟机用低温快干搭口胶的工艺参数优化及应用

采用低温快干搭口胶对卷烟机搭口烙铁温度、胶泵供胶的工艺参数进行优化,确定了不同机型(如ZJ17、PROTOS 2-2、PASSIM和GD121等)适宜的烙铁温度(如180、180、200、200℃等)、PROTOS 2-2机型的胶泵供胶量为9 g/500 m、PASSIM机型的胶泵转速为11 r/min和GD121机型的胶泵转速百分比为9%,并完成了多批次上机生产应用验证。研究结果表明:采用低温快干搭口胶生产的卷烟产品质量稳定,并且各卷烟机型的烙铁工作温度和烟支单支施胶量平均分别降低了27.6%和23.7%,而且烟条跑条、烟支爆口等总次数降低了84.5%。     

卷烟纸碳酸钙变化对卷烟抽吸温度及烟气常规成分的影响

为了优化卷烟纸配方,研究分析碳酸钙形态、粒径大小和含量对卷烟抽吸温度及烟气常规成分的影响。结果发现:1)卷烟纸碳酸钙形态、粒径大小对卷烟抽吸温度有一定影响,卷烟纸碳酸钙含量对卷烟抽吸温度无影响;使用液态或粒径小的碳酸钙,其卷烟抽吸温度较低。2)卷烟纸碳酸钙形态、粒径大小对烟气水分有一定影响;卷烟纸碳酸钙含量较高时,烟气常规成分释放量有所降低。3)卷烟抽吸温度与烟气焦油、CO释放量呈现显著正相关关系。     

壳聚糖对烟草抗菌活性研究

本试验通过对不同浓度、不同种类酸溶解和不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖对烟草中主要霉菌的抑菌活性,以及加入卷烟烟丝中对其内在质量、焦油、烟碱等的影响研究,结果表明：酸溶解壳聚糖对烟草霉变微生物具有抑制作用,醋酸作溶剂较柠檬酸效果好,且施用于卷烟上对其内在品质有所改善,其主流烟气焦油、烟碱释放量也有所降低。     

纸质滤芯中三醋酸甘油酯添加量对卷烟主流烟气中苯酚释放量的影响

制备了4种不同三醋酸甘油酯添加量的纸质滤棒及相应的实验卷烟,并对其烟气常规化学指标、苯酚释放量进行了分析评价。结果表明:①三醋酸甘油酯的用量在8.0%~12.0%时,卷烟主流烟气中总粒相物、焦油、烟碱、一氧化碳等常规指标变化不大;②苯酚的释放量随着三醋酸甘油酯用量的增加逐渐降低,单位焦油苯酚释放量的降低率随着三醋酸甘油酯添加量的增加而增加,其最大降低率为34.59%;③三醋酸甘油酯添加量为12%时,纸质滤棒卷烟主流烟气中苯酚释放量较低。     

Particle-Gas Equilibria of Ammonia and Nicotine in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

The particle-gas equilibria of ammonia and nicotine in mainstream cigarette smoke have been studied by diffusion denuder collection. The surface deposition rate of nicotine is observed to decrease as the smoke traverses the denuder, and this effect is attributed to a changing particle nicotine vapor pressure driven by the measured rapid loss of volatile ammonia from the particles, an interpretation that differs from that of prior studies. The rapid ammonia deposition is observed to be complete at a length-to-flow rate ratio of 28 s/cm 2 for an American blended cigarette, and ～38% of the total ammonia analyzed in the collected smoke appears to be nonvolatile in the aerosol, possibly bound in the particles by reaction with acids. Fitting of a theoretical model that predicts the rapid ammonia loss and changing nicotine vapor pressure to the measurements predicts that the nicotine vapor pressure over the particles in fresh smoke is about 6% of the pure component nicotine value, and the ammonia vapor pressure over the smoke particulate is considerably less than that predicted by its aqueous Henry's law coefficient. Dilution of mainstream smoke enhanced the fractional deposition of both ammonia and nicotine in the denuder tubes and provided a means to estimate the nonvolatile ammonia fraction, which varied considerably in cigarettes made with different tobacco types. Among the different tobacco type cigarettes, smoke ammonia concentration, "smoke pH," and smoke nicotine-to-particulate ratio varied with ammonia and nicotine deposition from diluted smoke when extreme values for an all burley tobacco cigarette were included in the analysis, but no trends were apparent when only the more typical range of the other cigarettes was considered.     

美拉德反应产物对主流烟气碱性香味成分的影响研究

为研究美拉德反应产物对主流烟气中碱性香味成分的影响,在某牌号卷烟空白叶组中添加美拉德反应产物(MRPs),采用溶剂萃取法提取吸烟机捕集的卷烟主流烟气粒相物中的香味成分,对萃取液进行碱性成分分离,建立气相色谱-选择离子监测-质谱(GC-SIM-MS)分析碱性香味成分的方法,对比分析添加MRPs前后卷烟主流烟气碱性香味成分...     

The Effects of Mainstream and Sidestream Environmental Tobacco Smoke Composition for Enhanced Condensational Droplet Growth by Water Vapor

Although tobacco smoke is well known for its adverse health effects, the hygroscopicity and droplet growth properties of the aerosol have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, cigarette smoke is further characterized and several state-of-art analysis techniques are applied to understand the effects of particle chemistry and hygroscopicity for enhanced condensational growth (ECG) by water vapor and wet particle deposition. Low nicotine (LN) and ultra-low nicotine (ULN) research cigarettes are tested with a Walton Smoking Machine (WSM); mainstream and sidestream environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are produced. Online and offline analysis are combined to analyze the smoke. More than 99% of the mainstream and sidestream ETS mass is semivolatile aerosol and nonelemental carbon, of which more than 95% is organic. The water-soluble organic comprises 30-85% of the aerosol mass fraction and has no effect on surface tension when dissolved in water. The oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C) and nitrogen-to-carbon ratio (N/C) from High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS or HR-AMS) data show that more oxidized components are present in mainstream smoke. Differences in the bulk aerosol composition have little effect on the overall water uptake. The two types of cigarettes produce aerosols of similar hygroscopicity (with single hygroscopicity parameter, κ ～0.15 or less) in mainstream and sidestream smoke. Droplets grow at the same rate within the instrument. However, ULN reference cigarettes that produce dry particles at larger sizes are more likely to experience ECG.

Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research     

13X分子筛对烟气中低分子醛酮的选择性吸附研究

为降低卷烟烟气中有害成分低分子醛酮化合物的含量和研究X型分子筛在卷烟减害中的应用,将13X型分子筛添加到卷烟嘴棒中,分析其对主流烟气中八种低分子醛酮化合物含量的影响。结果显示13X分子筛对低分子醛酮有明显的脱除作用。通过进一步研究13X分子筛对烟气中苯酚和苯并(α)芘的吸附作用,揭示了13X分子筛对低分子醛酮的选择性吸附与其因表面静电引力优先吸附极性物质的特性以及低分子醛酮的低熔沸点密切相关。烟气三项指标分析表明,13X分子筛对烟气中的焦油和烟碱含量影响不大,这有利于保持卷烟的香气。     

卷烟添加剂的应用和安全性研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在卷烟添加剂加香调香、降焦减害和安全性测试等方面的研究进展,提出新型添加剂,如天然植物的提取物、纳米氧化物和沸石分子筛等在降焦减害中的研究价值。在开发新型卷烟添加剂增强其降焦减害应用效果的同时,既要保持卷烟的吸食品质,又要保证吸食卷烟的安全性。     

卷烟爆珠质量检测研究进展

为了掌握卷烟爆珠质量检测研究现状,从卷烟爆珠安全性指标质量检测、理化指标品质稳定性检测以及对烟气成分影响相关检测研究三个方面进行了综述,并展望未来卷烟爆珠质量检测研究方向。结果表明:1)卷烟爆珠安全性指标质量检测涉及主动添加的着色剂和非主动添加的溶剂残留、增塑剂等的检测,检测方法主要包括液相色谱法(HPLC)及气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS);2)卷烟爆珠品质稳定性主要考察产品物理、化学稳定性,通过检测分析技术与统计学方法相结合的方式进行评价;3)卷烟爆珠对烟气成分影响的研究集中于爆珠中致香成分的迁移率分析、以及对烟气常规组分的作用两个方面,通过分析卷烟爆珠对烟气成分的影响可以用于评价卷烟爆珠对卷烟产品质量的影响。     

A Real-Time Fast-Flow Tube Study of VOC and Particulate Emissions from Electronic,Potentially Reduced-Harm,Conventional, and Reference Cigarettes

Tobacco-free electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), which are currently not regulated by the FDA, have become widespread as a “safe” form of smoking. One approach to evaluate the potential toxicity of e-cigarettes and other types of potentially “reduced-harm” cigarettes is to compare their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including reactive organic electrophilic compounds such as acrolein, and particulate matter to those of conventional and reference cigarettes. Our newly designed fast-flow tube system enabled us to analyze VOC composition and particle number concentration in real-time by promptly diluting puffs of mainstream smoke obtained from different brands of combustion cigarettes and e-cigarettes. A proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTRMS) was used to analyze real-time cigarette VOC emissions with a 1-s time resolution. Particles were detected with a condensation particle counter (CPC). This technique offers real-time analysis of VOCs and particles in each puff without sample aging and does not require any sample pretreatment or extra handling. Several important determining factors in VOC and particle concentration were investigated: (1) puff frequency; (2) puff number; (3) tar content; (4) filter type. Results indicate that electronic cigarettes are not free from acrolein and acetaldehyde emissions and produce comparable particle number concentrations to those of combustion cigarettes, more specifically to the 1R5F reference cigarette. Unlike conventional cigarettes, which emit different amounts of particles and VOCs each puff, there was no significant puff dependence in the e-cigarette emissions. Charcoal filter cigarettes did not fully prevent the emission of acrolein and other VOCs.

Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research