利用造粒硝铵装置改产硝基复肥

农用硝铵的政策性停产，迫使国内50余家农用硝铵生产企业纷纷对现有造粒硝铵产品进行防爆安全性改造。为了充分利用现有造粒硝铵生产装置，减少投资费用，缩短建设周期，增强产品的市场竞争力，不少企业都选择了改产硝基复肥。但传统的复肥工艺中的氮源均用尿素、碳铵、氯化铵等氮肥，少有用硝铵的，这是因为硝铵在复肥生产中溶解和造粒都有一定的难度。     

利用造粒硝铵装置改产硝基复肥

农用硝铵的政策性停产，迫使国内50余家农用硝铵生产企业纷纷对现有造粒硝铵产品进行防爆安全性的改造。为了充分利用现有造粒硝铵生产装置，减少投资费用，缩短建设周期，增强产品的市场竞争力，不少企业都选择了改产硝基复肥的方式．但传统的复肥工艺中的氮源均用尿素、碳铵、氯化铵等氮肥，少有用硝铵的．这是因为硝铵在复肥生产中溶解和造粒都有一定的难度。经过反复的研究和试验，     

利用造粒硝铵装置改产硝基复肥

农用硝铵的政策性停产，迫使国内50余家农用硝铵生产企业纷纷对现有造粒硝铵产品进行防爆安全性的改造。为了充分利用现有造粒硝铵生产装置，减少投资费用，缩短建设周期，增强产品的市场竞争力，不少企业都选择了改产硝基复肥的方式，但传统的复肥工艺中的氮源均用尿素、碳铵、氯化铵等氮肥，少有用硝铵的，这是因为硝铵在复肥生产中溶解和造粒都有一定的难度。经过反复的研究和试验，国内川化股份有限公司、内蒙古乌拉山化肥有限责任公司等一些硝铵生产厂家已在原有的生产装置上成功地实现了造粒硝铵改产硝基复肥，不仅填补了国内硝态氮肥产品的空白，还为造粒硝铵的改性开辟了新的途径。     

不同造粒核芯的包膜控释肥的性能及肥效研究

土柱淋溶试验表明,油冷造粒包膜控释肥16 d时的氮素累积溶出率低于转鼓造粒核芯控释肥大约为21.2%。电镜观察表明,油冷造粒工艺制得的复肥颗粒外表面比转鼓造粒工艺制得的复肥光滑,且前者核芯紧实度优于后者。大田试验结果表明,在等养分条件下,施油冷造粒包膜控释肥处理的花椰菜长势、产量及生物量均优于转鼓造粒包膜控释肥,增产幅度达26%,且前者的氮素利用率和土壤有效氮均高于后者。研究表明,不同核芯造粒工艺对包膜控释肥的控释性能有明显影响。     

合成熔融料浆造粒设备（喷浆造粒）

荆沙化工机械厂是中国化工装备总公司生产复混肥造粒设备的定点企业。其主要生产 1～ 3吨直立碾压式复混肥造粒机、对辊式造粒机、圆盘造粒机、ＦＢＭ型系列涂色、包膜机和年产 1～ 2 0万吨转鼓式造粒机。而今又向全国复肥造粒行业推出最新产品———合成熔融料浆造粒设备。该设备通过 2年多研制 ,1年多的使用 ,近日已在山东、河南、陕西等地通过验收。该设备综合目前国内普遍采用的转鼓造粒设备和喷浆造粒设备的优势 ,既能够满足高、中、低等各种养分含量肥料的要求 ,又可生产液体叶面肥、结晶肥等新型肥料 ,同时解决了传统转鼓造粒设备不…     

稀磷酸氨化造粒生产高浓度复合肥工艺

分析我国高浓度复合肥生产工艺中的几种氨化造粒技术特点,重点介绍稀磷酸氨化造粒生产高浓度复合肥新工艺及该工艺在节能降耗方面的优势,稀磷酸氨化造粒生产高氮高浓度复合肥比传统的转鼓造粒工艺原材料成本节约87.5元/t,产品干燥能耗可降低30%。     

尿素熔融喷浆造粒生产复合(混)肥工艺探讨

我公司现有１套年产１０万吨以尿素熔融喷浆造粒的复合肥生产线，是在团粒法颗粒复混肥料生产线的基础上，于２０００年改进而成，经过近１年的生产运行说明，尿素熔融喷浆造粒工艺优越于传统的团粒法工艺，是今后发展的方向和研究的课题。１　工艺特点 尿素熔融喷浆造粒工艺是随着复混肥生产技术的进步，近两年国内复肥行业中出现的复合（混）肥生产的新工艺，其以尿素熔融液为主要氮源，通过造粒过程中产生涂布作用与其它固体基础原料混和，使产已外观圆滑，颗粒具有较高的强度 在造粒过程中既是原料又充当液相参与过程 并能提供一定的热…     

尿基复合肥生产工艺

在团粒法工艺基础上 ,用熔融尿素或尿素车间一段蒸发器的尿液进行喷浆造粒生产复合肥的改造方案、内容、投资及效果。成球率由 6 0 %～ 70 %提高到 80 %～ 90 % ,含氮量控制精度± 1% ,产品水分≤ 1.5 %。     

尿基高浓度复肥及大颗粒尿素生产工艺

综述了目前流行的高浓度尿基复肥及大颗粒尿素造粒方法，介绍了一体化喷浆转鼓造粒新技术，该技术具有能耗低、投资省等优点，是大中型尿素生产厂家生产尿基复肥及大颗粒尿素的先进工艺。     

多功能一体化复合肥生产工艺及其装置研究

在原有氨化造粒硫基复合肥生产装置的基础上,将转鼓蒸汽造粒工艺、氨化造粒工艺和氨酸法造粒工艺进行有机结合,可生产三类品种、六大产品。改造后的工艺不仅实现了多类产品的一体化生产,而且达到了装置效益的最大化及品种的多元化生产。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.