The case of Gary: In search of post-hoc quixotic flexibility.

Responds to M. F. Hoyt's (see record 1995-22250-001) commentary on T. F. Van Denburg and E. J. Van Denburg's (see record 1994-18427-001) response to Hoyt's (see record 1994-18395-001) commentary on Van Denburg and Van Denburg's (see record 1993-06526-001) article about a case of premature therapy termination. Issues related to limits and flexibility in treatment are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Therapeutic flexibility in the case of Gary: Too little, too late.

Responds to T. F. Van Denburg and E. J. Van Denburg's (see record 1994-18427-001) response to M. F. Hoyt's (see record 1994-18395-001) commentary on Van Denburg and Van Denburg's (see record 1993-06526-001) article about a case of premature therapy termination. When a treatment is not working try something different. The issue is not long vs short therapy, but a readiness to respond flexibly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Termination in the case of Gary: Overdue, not premature.

Using the recent report of T. F. Van Denburg and E. J. Van Denburg (see record 1993-06526-001) as a case in point, the author advocates that when a patient quits treatment it may be more useful to ask "What should I have done differently?" rather than wonder why the patient finally declined more of the same. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An autoassociative model of causal reasoning and causal learning: Reply to Van Overwalle's (1998) critique of Read and Marcus-Newhall (1993).

The authors respond to F. Van Overwalle's (see record 1997-38975-003) critique of the explanatory coherence (ECHO) model of causal reasoning (P. Thagard, 1992) and its application to social reasoning (S. J. Read & A. Marcus-Newhall; see record 1994-01615-001). Contrary to Van Overwalle's doubts about its possibility, a feedback model similar to ECHO that learns covariation information appropriately is presented. This model simulates Read and Marcus-Newhall's results and can also simulate findings from the causal learning literature. In contrast, because of limitations in feedforward networks, Van Overwalle can simulate many of Read and Marcus-Newhall's results only by making incorrect assumptions about their procedures. Further, the model presented handles several issues that Van Overwalle's cannot, such as asymmetries in reasoning between cause and effect, evaluation of explanatory coherence, and causal chains. Finally, limitations of feedforward models of causal reasoning are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Design and evaluation issues in an experiment on teaching thinking skills.

Addresses methodological issues (related to design and analyses) raised by G. J. Mellenbergh and W. P. Van den Brink (see record 1988-37230-001) and I. S. Schonfeld (1987) concerning the study by the present author and colleagues (see record 1987-08654-001) on teaching thinking skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Counselor discrimination against women: Additional information.

Replies to M. L. Smith's (see record 1979-29888-001) and to T. E. Nygren and K. F. Widaman's (see record 1979-27728-001) criticisms of the author and J. W. Costar's (see record 1978-24142-001) finding that counselors discriminate against women. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Separate features versus one principle: Comment on Shimaya (1997).

In his article "Perception of Complex Line Drawings," A. Shimaya (see record 1997-02284-003) proposed a quantitative theory that was designed to predict perceived segmentations and amodal completions of line drawings. Shimaya further evaluated the integrative approach of structural information theory (SIT; R. Van Lier, P. Van der Helm, & E. Leeuwenberg, [see record 1995-23971-001]) to pattern interpretation. It is argued in this comment that Shimaya's evaluation of the SIT approach is based on a misconception of SITs basic assumptions and an inappropriate data analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Constructivism and socially sensitive research.

Replies to comments on multicultural perspectives and researcher bias made by F. A. Ibrahim (see record 1989-25694-001) and M. Gergen (see record 1989-25689-001) regarding the present author's (see record 1988-15683-001) discussion of ethical issues in research on "underrepresented groups" such as women and minorities. Inherent limitations of the individual researcher are noted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Deutsch and Green.

Replies to the comments of F. Deutsch (see record 1986-26175-001) and B. L. Green (see record 1986-26216-001) on the present authors' (see record 1986-10770-001) aggressive interchange with B. P. Dohrenwend and P. E. Shrout (see record 1986-10765-001) about confounding problems in studies on stress. It is suggested that Deutsch has joined in the fray and that Green has raised an interesting issue (i.e., the relative predictive power of objective and subjective measures of stressful events). (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Unsuccessful redefinitions of the term placebo..

Argues that J. W. Critelli's (see record 1986-12543-001) modifications of his earlier definition of the term placebo in response to the present author's (see record 1986-01780-001) comment on Critelli and K. F. Neumann's (see record 1984-26517-001) article on placebo effects render it impossible to decide whether a given procedure should be assigned the placebo label. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Note on clinical judgment and the formal characteristics of clinical tasks.

Analysis of clinical judgment studies by F. J. Todd (1954), K. R. Hammond et al (see record 1965-08022-001), S. Oskamp (see record 1968-02701-001), L. R. Goldberg (see record 1970-12828-001), and R. M. Dawes (see record 1971-25701-001) suggests that the same relation between consistency of inferences and task predictability holds in clinical inferences as in laboratory learning studies. Findings indicate that, to understand the process of clinical inference, it is insufficient to analyze only the clinician; it is also necessary to analyze the clinician/clinical-task system. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The natural evolution of behaviorism: A comment on the Skinner-Herrnstein controversy.

Comments on the debate on the evolution of behavior between B. F. Skinner (see record 1978-28495-001) and R. J. Herrnstein (see record 1978-28491-001) by stating that fundamental problems raised by the theorists require resolution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Methodological issues and the construct validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale: A response to the rebuttal and constructive comments of Merenda and Sparadeo.

Responds to the criticisms by P. F. Merenda and F. Sparadeo (see record 1982-04761-001) on the present authors' study (see record 1980-02442-001) of the construct validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale. It is felt that although some of their statistical concerns have merit, they have overemphasized the practical importance of these concerns and have overlooked other important findings. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On Schneider's reply to Albee.

Responds to S. F. Schneider's (see record 1972-21036-001) reply to G. W. Albee's (see record 1971-08263-001) article on clinical psychology as a profession. Albee's provocation may be useful, since intergroup conflict in clinical psychology might produce constructive changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Hudson-Dunn clustering index revisited.

Shows that the clustering index presented by F. Frankel and M. Cole (see record 1972-00179-001) is identical to one previously published by R. Hudson and J. Dunn (see record 1969-08920-001). A limitation of the Hudson-Dunn index is mentioned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A more human psychology at the crossroads.

Comments on articles by S. F. Schneider (see record 1990-18681-001) and M. B. Smith (see record 1990-20955-001). Neither article directly mentions Division 32 (Humanistic Psychology) of the American Psychological Association. The importance of this division in the discipline is stressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Another view of progress in validity generalization: Reply to Schmidt, Hunter, and Pearlman.

Refutes the F. L. Schmidt et al (see record 1983-07150-001) argument that the present authors' (see record 1981-27033-001) work on validity generalization models contained erroneous conclusions. Modifications to past practices in computing and reporting variance estimates are recommended. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

History and accuracy of validity generalization equations: A response to the Callender and Osburn reply.

In a continuation of the discussion between the present authors (Schmidt et al; see record 1983-07150-001) and J. C. Callender and H. G. Osburn (see record 1983-07128-001), it is contended that neither Callender and Osburn (see record 1981-27033-001) nor F. L. Schmidt and J. E. Hunter (see record 1978-11418-001) have invented a model that accounts for the impact of artifacts on validity coefficients; this accomplishment is attributed to Spearman and to Fisher. An example is presented showing that in realistic situations, the present authors' noninteractive equation is more accurate than the Callender and Osburn equation. The 4-artifact equations are shown to be superior in either validity generalization values characterizing the findings of the field and those used in a specific application. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychological publications.

Articles by Y. Brackbill and F. Korten (see record 1971-03212-001) and R. G. Kinkade (see record 1971-03214-001) raise difficult questions about psychological publications. Suggestions are offered for helping referees and editors in the review and selection of articles for publication in American Psychological Association journals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)