PVC盐酸氨溴索选择性电极的制备

以四苯硼酸氨溴索离子缔合物做电活性材料,制成氨溴索PVC电极,对影响电极性能的诸因素作了研究,以最佳条件制备的电极线性范围为1.0×10~(-2)～9.0×10~(-6)mol/L,平均斜率为56.2 mV/decade,检测下限为4.5×10~(-6)mol/L,在PH<5.0的范围内适用,电极响应快,重现性和稳定性好,抗干扰能力强,适用于氨溴索样品的快速测定。     

塔河油田超稠油水溶性减阻降粘剂的研究与应用

针对塔河稠油高粘及油田地层水高矿化度的特点,研制了耐盐型稠油减阻降粘剂,考察了药剂浓度、矿化度、油水比例以及破乳效果等对稠油降粘效果的影响。结果表明,在A剂加量为3 200 mg/L,B剂加量为800 mg/L,w(油)∶w(水)=6∶4时,降粘剂最佳适用矿化度为9×104mg/L左右,对破乳基本无影响。现场试验结果表明,稠油减阻降粘剂能满足50℃时原油粘度在50×104mPa.s以下的稠油降粘,其对矿化度敏感,最佳矿化度使用范围在7×104~12×104mg/L,耐盐型稠油减阻降粘剂应用于电泵型油井降粘试验效果较好。     

新型松香基功能表面活性剂的合成及性能

以歧化松香为原料,重结晶提纯得到脱氢枞酸,经酰氯化、酯化、磷酸化、成盐等反应合成四种可分解型的松香基酯表面活性剂（I、II、SAA-III 、SAA-IV）。用红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振（NMR）对四种可分解型松香基酯进行结构表征,并对化合物的临界胶束浓度（CMC）、表面张力（γ）、泡沫性能（FP）和乳化性能（EP）等性能进行研究。四种松香基表面活性剂均具有良好的表面性能：I、II、SAA-III 、SAA-IV的CMC值分别是4.69×10-3 mol/L 、5.15×10-3 mol/L 、2.65×10-3 mol/L和1.71×10-3 mol/L ,对应的γcmc值分别为48.2 mN/m、41.4 mN/m、34.6 mN/m和33.2 mN/m,松香磷酯类化合物的表面性能优于松香酯类化合物;乳化体系（石蜡/水）中分出 10 mL 水的时间分别为11 s、128 s、90和98 s;初始起泡高度分别为16 mm、18.5 mm、18 mm和23 mm,5 min后泡沫高度变化依次为6 mm、4 mm、4 mm和11.5 mm;松香酯化合物II具有优异的乳化性能,而松香磷酯化合物SAA-IV具有优异的起泡性能,但稳泡性弱。松香基酯类表面活性剂I、II的亲水性较弱,浊点温度约在90 °C,而松香磷酯表面活性剂SAA-III、SAA-IV的Krafft点温度约在40°C,且浊点和Krafft点均随碳链的增加而增大。以表面活性剂SAA-III为例,研究了其分解性能,表明其在pH为3和11时,温度140 °C和180 °C时均具有分解性能,表明其是一种可作为提供磷酸根的有机磷源。     

石墨炉原子吸收法(GFAAS)测定水样中Cu2+和Cr3+的质量浓度

采用石墨炉原子吸收法(GFAAS直接测定了四种不同水样中(桶装饮用水、直饮水机净化水、自来水和湖水)的铜(Cu)和铬(Cr)离子含量。结果表明,桶装水中的两种金属离子均未检出,直饮水机净化水和湖水中铜质量浓度的平均值分别为9.168μg·L^-1和2.904μg L^-1,直饮水机净化水和自来水中铬质量浓度分别为5.693μg L^-1和6.883μg L^-1,所测得的结果均在国家限制范围之内。此外,铜加标实验结果显示净化水和湖水中平均加标回收率分别为96.3%和96.7%,方法简便可靠。     

提取方法对4种中药雌激素活性的影响

针对4种具有雌激素活性的中药———虎杖、葛根、蛇麻花和女贞子,分别采用水煎和w(C2H5OH)=70%的乙醇水溶液超声法进行提取,用转基因酵母法对其提取产物进行了雌激素活性的测试,对比研究了两种提取方法对4种中药雌激素活性的影响。实验结果显示,虎杖水煎和超声提取样品的EC50分别为3.5×10-3和1×10-3g/L;葛根水煎和超声提取样品的EC50分别为3.5×10-2和1×10-2g/L;女贞子水煎提取样品不显示活性,而超声法提取样品的EC50为2.5×10-3g/L;蛇麻花用这两种方法提取的样品均检测不出雌激素活性。     

树脂相分光光度法测定微量钴

在pH5．0条件下，丁二酮肟—碘化钾溶液与Co(2+)形成红棕色混配络阴离子。本文将该络阴离子吸附、富集、显色于强磁性阴离子交换树脂上，进行树脂相光度法测定。最大吸收波长为450um，摩尔吸光系数为1．4×105L·mol(-1)·cm(-1)（ε水为1．16×104L·mol(-1)·cm(-1)），Co(2+)浓度在0～0.8mg·L(-1)范围内服从比尔定律。方法用于维生素B(12)和呼和浩特地区自来水中微量钴含量的测定，结果满意。     

头孢氨苄降解产物的电化学性质

头孢氨苄 (CEX)降解产物中含有巯基 (—SH) (头孢氨本身不具有电活性 ,但经NaOH降解后 ,能在NH3 ·H2 O—NH4Cl溶液中产生灵敏的还原峰 ) ,能与Hg2 + 生成难溶化合物的特性 ,在汞膜电极上研究了CEX降解产物的伏安行为 ,初步探讨了电极反应机理 ;运用了方波伏安法在pH值 9.78的NH3 ·H2 O—NH4Cl介质中 ,检测限为 1.0× 10 -9mol/L ,测定头孢氨苄胶囊中CEX含量为 79.82 % ,峰电流与头孢氨苄浓度在 2× 10 -5～ 1× 10 -4、4× 10 -6～ 1× 10 -9mol/L之间为线形。     

消息报导

<正> T_(201)型加氢转化催化剂是以钻钼为活性组分,γ-三氧化=铝(TAC-01)为载体,堆比重0.65～0.75克/毫升,φ3×4～6毫米的淡兰色条状体。T_(201)型加氢转化催化剂质量指标为:机械强度(侧压)≥8公斤/厘米~2磨耗<2％活性组分CO_23±0.3％,(M_0O_3)12.0±1.0％初活性以直馏轻油为原料,净化后含有机硫小于0.3ppm。     

双磷酸酯表面活性剂的合成与性能

以三氯氧磷、二元醇(酚)、正十二醇为原料,合成了4种双十二烷基双磷酸酯(HDP,DGDP,BDP,PDP)。产物经无水乙醇重结晶提纯后,通过IR、1HNMR、质谱和电位滴定进行了结构表征。25℃时,它们的电离常数分别为:2.76×10-5mol/L(HDP),3.940×10-4mol/L(DGDP),1.595×10-4mol/L(BDP),4.255×10-3mol/L(PDP)。20℃时,它们的临界胶束浓度分别为:3.5×10-4mol/L(HDP),9.0×10-4mol/L(DGDP),1.1×10-3mol/L(BDP),1.3×10-3mol/L(PDP);在临界胶束浓度处的表面张力分别为:30.38 mN/m(HDP),34.49 mN/m(DGDP),35.31 mN/m(BDP),36.14 mN/m(PDP)。差热分析表明,4种产物的分解温度分别为:231℃(BDP),251℃(HDP),227℃(PDP),249℃(DGDP);初熔温度分别为:87℃(BDP),80℃(HDP),97℃(PDP),72℃(DGDP)。     

若干大环铜(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)配合物模拟超氧化物歧化酶的研究

用核黄素光照法测定了,8种大环铜(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)配合物的超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD),结果表明,它们在1×10-4-1×10-7mol/L的浓度范围内均有50%以上抑制率,锰(Ⅱ)配合物表现出较铜(Ⅱ)配合物更低的SOD活性,对各模型化合物活性和结构的关系进行了探讨。     

中国古代陶瓷饮水杯盏形态演变的因素

在人类生存、发展的历史进程中,作为饮水用具的陶瓷杯盏经历了从无到有、由简单到复杂、由粗糙到精致的嬗变过程,而这一过程在很大程度上受到陶瓷生产技术、人们的饮水方式及审美情趣的变化等因素的影响。     

强化混凝用于微污染水源水处理

综述了微污染水源水预处理和深度处理工艺技术最新进展，在此基础上提出改造常规的给水处理工艺、强化混凝处理过程、紧密联系实际充分挖掘已有设备的潜力，是适合我国国情的微污染水源水处理技术的一个主要技术选择方案和重要发展方向。     

活性炭在我国饮用水处理中的应用研究进展

概述了我国近几年在生活饮用水深度处理中臭氧-活性炭法、臭氧-生物活性炭法的研究与应用,以及粉末活性炭吸附处理突发性水源污染的研究与应用.并讨论了活性炭在饮用水深度处理方面需关注的几个问题.     

表面接触消毒技术

表面接触消毒具有高效，简便，无二次污染的优点，近年来在饮用水处理中得到广泛应用并迅速发展。本文重点介绍了表面接触消毒剂的研究现状，并对表面接触消毒技术的前景进行了探讨。     

郑州市白庙水厂混凝沉淀除藻的研究

在我国的水厂中,藻类去除一直是一个比较重要的问题。通常采加氯杀藻,但随之带来的是水质的味觉超标,特别是在原水高藻类爆发时,尤为严重。采用聚铁硅酸钠与高分子电解质联用的方法,强化混凝沉淀,在藻类爆发时,出厂水的味觉得到较好的改善。     

Preparation of mineral source water from deep sea water: Reduction of sulfate ion using selemion ASV membrane

Adopting a laboratory‐scaled electrodialysis (ED) process, we investigate the performance of a monovalent anion exchange permselective membrane in the reduction of the concentration of sulfate ions during the production of mineral source water from deep sea water (DSW). The dependence of the separation efficiency of anions on the operating time and the applied DC voltage is investigated based on a brine having salinity of about 15% prepared from DSW. The experimental results reveal that if the applied DC voltage is high, the change in the liquid volume during ED is dominated by the ions transported and the effect of electroosmosis. In addition, the amount of chloride ions transported correlates roughly linearly with the operating time, and the transport of sulfate ions is found to be blocked by chloride ions, presumably because of that the pore size of the permselective layer is close to the size of sulfate ions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

活性炭技术在饮用水深度处理中的应用研究进展

概述了活性发理化特性;综述了近年来活性炭技术在饮用水深度处理方面的研究和应用成果,主要包括:活性炭吸附技术、生物活性发技术、负载型活性炭催化技术以及活性炭与其它工艺或材料相结合的水处理技术;讨论了活性发水处理技术存在的一些问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

Pilot-scale spiral wound membrane assessment for THM precursor rejection from upland waters

The outcomes of a pilot-scale study of the rejection of trihalomethanes (THMs) precursors by commercial ultrafiltration/nanofiltration (UF/NF) spiral-wound membrane elements are presented based on a single surface water source in Scotland. The study revealed the expected trend of increased flux and permeability with increasing pore size for the UF membranes; the NF membranes provided similar fluxes despite the lower nominal pore size. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) passage decreased with decreasing molecular weight cut-off, with a less than one-third the passage recorded for the NF membranes than for the UF ones.

The yield (weight % total THMs per DOC) varied between 2.5% and 8% across all membranes tested, in reasonable agreement with the literature, with the aromatic polyamide membrane providing both the lowest yield and lowest DOC passage. The proportion of the hydrophobic (HPO) fraction removed was found to increase with decreasing membrane selectivity (increasing pore size), and THM generation correlated closely (R² = 0.98) with the permeate HPO fractional concentration.     

A thermodynamic benchmark for assessing an emergency drinking water device based on forward osmosis

Following the creation of the first reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in the 1960s, the technique has been widely used for the purposes of both small scale and municipal seawater desalination. Forward osmosis (FO) is now also emerging as a possible contender, with the potential for much lower energy consumption. In this study, we have developed a thermodynamic benchmark for use in assessing the suitability of a potable water system for purifying small amounts of brackish water in emergency situations. The light, portable and re-usable purification system is driven by FO. A pouch is filled with draw solution and immersed in brackish water; the pouch incorporates a traditional RO membrane. The ‘draw solution’ contains digestible salts and/or sugars to provide an osmotic pressure difference across the membrane, thus drawing in purified water across the membrane. Three such draw solutions were produced and tested, allowing the osmotic potential of the solution to be determined over a succession of dilutions. The results could be fitted with a power law function. In order to take account of the solution non-ideality and the non-linearity of flux rates, a thermodynamic relationship was used in conjunction with a membrane transport model to develop a benchmark which describes the ideal behaviour of a FO water system. This benchmark, in conjunction with the power law function, showed that such a system could be used in an emergency to provide safe, potable water in a reasonable time interval and without the need for a power source. The study has also suggested the possibility of a continuous water purification system based upon this principle, and has drawn attention to the benefits of novel draw solutes in such a system.     

三种水质对煤沥青水浆制备及性质的影响

以中温煤沥青为原料,采用冷冻粉碎方法制得具有一定粒度级配的煤沥青粉后,再加入适量分散剂与去离子水、自来水和焦化废水分别制备煤沥青水浆.考察了分散剂用量与煤沥青水浆流变性的关系,并对分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附和Zeta电位进行了研究.研究表明,三种水均能制得浆体浓度为70%的煤沥青水浆,且浆体的表观黏度均随剪切速率的增加呈下降趋势.由去离子水、自来水和焦化废水制得煤沥青水浆的低位发热量、挥发分和灰分均达水煤浆Ⅰ级标准,硫分达Ⅱ级标准.三种水的分散剂溶液在煤沥青表面的吸附量和Zeta电位均随分散剂浓度的增加呈增大趋势,当分散剂浓度达到一定值后继续增加分散剂的浓度,吸附量和Zeta电位稍有下降,且吸附量和Zeta电位达到最大时对应的分散剂浓度基本相同.