计及曲轴轴向运动的内燃机主轴承润滑分析

内燃机工作中,曲轴进行旋转运动的同时,还存在沿轴线方向的运动。以某四缸四行程内燃机曲轴—轴承系统为对象,基于建立的三维流体动力润滑模型,进行了计及曲轴轴向运动和曲轴受载变形导致轴颈倾斜的主轴承润滑性能研究。分析中,曲轴轴向运动规律通过内燃机台架试验实测,采用整体曲轴体单元有限元法计算主轴承负荷和曲轴变形,应用动力学法进行曲轴主轴承的润滑分析。结果表明:与不计曲轴轴向运动的影响相比,计及曲轴轴向运动时,主轴承的轴心轨迹为一条不封闭的三维空间曲线,内燃机一个工作循环中的部分时刻主轴承的最小油膜厚度、最大油膜压力、摩擦功耗和端泄流量变化显著;曲轴轴向运动对内燃机各主轴承润滑特性的影响不一定都是不利的。因此,为了更加合理、接近实际,内燃机曲轴主轴承润滑性能分析中有必要计及曲轴轴向运动的影响。     

船用内燃机扭振测试分析研究

本文测试分析目的是通过内燃机系统轴系扭振测试分析,利用轴系扭振共振频率等测试结果,确定、调整各设定工况的转速。在柴油机转速从360r/min到750r/min范围内的16个工况下,对曲轴自由端进行扭振测试。将测试所得的电压信号转化为瞬时转速信号,然后将瞬时转速信号进行预处理得到转速波动曲线,对转速波动曲线积分得到轴系的角位移曲线,最后通过频谱分析得到各谐次的扭振幅值随转速变化曲线。通过分析可以得到内燃机曲轴飞轮端综合扭振角位移幅值、自由端综合扭振角位移幅值、内燃机的共振转速等。     

基于瑞利法的内燃机曲轴纵向振动研究

采用瑞利法对高速内燃机曲轴纵向振动进行研究。将内燃机曲轴等效为连续分布阶梯轴模型,根据当量轴段以及集中质量的动能和势能关系,通过拉格朗日方程建立了轴系纵振模型;根据刚度耦合原理,并考虑轴系扭转激励和弯曲强迫激励,建立了纵振强迫振动模型。采用谐次分析法对模型求解,将结果与采用三维振动测量装置实际测得的某直列四缸柴油机曲轴自由端的振动信号结果进行比较发现,计算结果与实测结果在各主要谐次都保持相当的一致。     

自动检测技术在内燃机装配线上的应用

在内燃机装配线中,将自动检测技术应用于内燃机燃烧过程中,对装配机的一些参数进行测试是非常重要的。本文主要介绍曲轴连杆颈与气缸顶距离自动测量机,全自动曲轴摩擦扭矩试验机应用于内燃机装配线上。这些在线自动检测仪的研制成功填补了国内空白,大大提高了内燃机的装配质量。     

浅谈内燃机曲轴强度研究的现状与展望

内燃机是由很多部件组成,其中相对重要的部件就是曲轴。曲轴强力主要表现于抵御疲顿以及防止开裂,假如曲轴强力达不到水准,很有可能将导致内燃机另外部件损害。通过研究以及实践两方面阐述了内燃机曲轴强力的近况和发展,又因为考虑到内燃机的强力性和稳定性需求,本论文于研究内燃机曲轴强力近况的基础上,深究怎么样提升内燃机曲轴强力的有效措施。     

内燃机曲轴轴系多体动力学分析

基于虚拟样机技术,采用结合有限元法(FEM)的多体系统仿真(MSS)方法对汽车发动机曲轴进行扭转振动分析。建立了包括柔性体曲轴在内的内燃机曲轴系统的多体动力学模型。根据多体动力学进行模拟仿真计算,将计算值与实测值进行对比分析,发现仿真结果与实测结果吻合较好。并由此模型对发动机采用停缸系统时的扭振特性进行模拟,分析了计算结果,提出了较好的停缸方案。     

适于内燃机燃烧过程研究的高速摄影机信号同步系统

阐述了一种适于研究内燃机燃烧过程的高速摄影机信号同步系统。该系统通过发光二极管在高速摄影底片上打印信号编码 ,确定每幅燃烧图象对应的曲轴转角 ,实现图象与缸内燃烧爆发压力的严格对应。     

基于瑞利法的内燃机曲轴扭纵耦合振动

采用瑞利法对高速内燃机曲轴扭纵耦合振动进行了研究。将内燃机曲轴等效为连续分布阶梯轴模型,根据当量轴段以及集中质量的动能和势能关系,通过拉格朗日方程分别建立轴系扭振模型和纵振模型。根据刚度耦合原理,并考虑轴系强迫激励进而建立了扭纵耦合强迫振动模型。采用谐次分析法对模型求解后,通过与采用三维振动测量装置对某直列四缸柴油机曲轴自由端的振动信号进行实际测量所得到的结果进行比较,可以发现,扭振和纵振与实际测量的结果在各主要谐次都保持相当的一致。     

内燃机曲轴停缸扭振特性多体动力学分析

基于虚拟样机技术,采用结合有限元法（FEM）的多体系统仿真（MSS）方法对汽车发动机曲轴进行扭转振动分析。建立了包括柔性体曲轴在内的内燃机曲轴系统的多体动力学模型,并由此模型对发动机采用停缸系统时的扭振特性进行模拟,分析了计算结果,提出了较好的停缸方案。     

多缸内燃机曲轴系统多体动力学分析

应用Pro/Engineer建立了某四缸内燃机活塞一连杆一曲轴系统的三维实体模型,然后把模型调入ADAMS多体动力学分析软件,建立了活塞一连杆一曲轴系统的虚拟样机模型.在此基础上,对四缸内燃机曲轴进行了多体动力学分析.得到了作用在内燃机机体上的主轴承力及活塞侧压力的准确解.研究结果表明,曲轴系统运动件的惯性力对主轴承力和活塞侧压力的影响显著,因此在计算时需要对运动件惯性力进行准确、合理地考虑.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.