Logistic model for choosing ligands for alloy electrodeposition

Analysis of the relative location of the polarization curves obtained for the electrodeposition of two metals from ligand-free and ligand-containing solutions is used to construct a logistic model. The model can be used for predicting the zones of allowed values for the stability constants of complexes the reduction of which is accompanied by the formation of an alloy. It can also be used for choosing ligands with the help of these data. The experimental data available in the literature agree well with the results predicted by the model. As a result, conditions of practical importance for choosing ligands for the simultaneous reduction of complexes and alloy formation were formulated.     

炼焦煤副产品价值预测方法

焦化副产品价值与副产品热值间存在线性关系,可以通过建立炼焦煤性质与副产品热值的关系推测出每种炼焦煤的副产品价值和炼焦煤的净价格(煤炭价格—副产品价格)。这种炼焦煤副产品价值预测方法在实际优化配煤成本时可以综合考虑炼焦煤的价值,有助于选择净价格更低的炼焦煤。     

Targeting for CO2 emissions for Total Sites

This paper describes an approach based on the concepts of Pinch Technology for Total Site targeting for fuel and power. If specific CO₂ emissions for fuel and power are known, the approach will also target for CO₂ emissions for any given site in the industry. The approach takes account of the trade-offs between process fuel and steam, between steam, site fuel and cogeneration, and of fuel mix. A case study is described where an 18% reduction in global CO₂ emissions is possible through the correct use of these trade-offs.     

Techniques for screening adhesives for structural applications

—Due to its chemistry, no structural adhesive system (epoxies, acrylics, etc.) is likely to offer an ideal combination of toughness, strength, moisture resistance, and ambient-temperature curing. Therefore, for effective use of adhesives in primary structures, an engineer must be able to identify adhesives that represent an optimum compromise among the different properties. In this paper, we present techniques for screening high-strength, ambient-temperature-curing adhesives for (1) moisture resistance under sustained loading and (2) fracture resistance in a way that is directly related to joint performance.     

纺丝油剂用磷酸酯类单体分析方法

介绍了用于纺丝油剂用磷酸酯类单体的混合指示剂法、电位滴定法、核磁共振法、色谱法等分析方法,表述了各方法的优缺点,指出结合多种分析方法对该类单体进行分析是今后实现其结构和组成定量分析的方向。     

汽车用灯头的注射模设计

针对汽车用塑料灯头的结构特点与工作环境,分析了灯头结构的复杂性、材料性能,注身工艺条件、合理地设计了注射成型模具,采用了组合式下模型芯来完成内孔的复杂成型,同时采用组合式侧抽芯来完成外侧面的卡钩与上面的穿线孔的成型,简化了模具的结构。     

Requirements capture for colour information for design professionals

This article presents the results of a study that investigates the status of colour information use in the design process and generates ideas for a colour tool. Face‐to‐face interviews with senior designers and brand managers from the packaging and branding fields were conducted as the primary data collection method. The results are categorized into six topics: colour decision, types of colour information considered to be important in the design process, reasons for considering colour information important in the design process, current use of colour information, design professionals' preferences for existing colour tool types and data types and suggestions for a colour tool. It is concluded that there are problems with existing colour resources and tools regarding their availability and usefulness; there is a strong demand for a colour tool in the packaging design and branding processes. The insight from this work will help researchers, design professionals and colour tool developers to make informed decisions on the areas on which they should focus, how they should do so and why. This will facilitate better provisions and uptake of useful colour information for design professionals in the design process and strategy fields.     

Requirements for alumina refractories for growing leucosapphire crystals

Conclusions The conditions for melting alumina and the requirements for a raw material for the melting of single crystals of leucosapphire have been discussed. It is shown that impurities of Mn, Ti, and alkali metals lead to cracking and defects in the crystals; Mo, Cu, and V impurities accumulate in the crystals; and impurity Si, Cr, Mg, and Ga are removed. However, SiO₂ accumulates in the single crystals and scatters light.The effect of the composition of the alumina, the method of its preparation, and the firing conditions on the chemical composition and density of alumina articles have been studied.It is shown that the most promising material for growing leucosapphire single crystals with high transparency and without the boiling effect is an alumina ceramic based on alumina with an open porosity of 23–27% for the outlet of air and other gases and in which the alkali has been reduced to a very low level.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 9–15, July, 1984.     

Principles for designing conducting composites for fuel cells

The class of porous conducting composites and subclass of gas-diffusion layers (GDL) were analyzed as systems. The scheme for a systemic approach to designing GDL is presented. The triunity of the creative process is noted, including the methodical design of articles made of composites. The possibility of using systemic design methods for creating porous conducting composites to fabricate GDL for fuel cells. Ways of resolving the contradictory requirements for functioning of GDL are demonstrated. Examples of basic GDL designs are reported. Mathematical substantiation of the practical possibility of systemic design and fabrication of a number of basic GDL designs are presented. A classification of GDL based on consideration of the reciprocal spatial position of the direction of physical flows in GDL and the direction of formation of the structure of the GDL was developed.     

焦油一次汽化温度计算方法的探讨

利用相平衡原理得出的焦油蒸馏时一次汽化温度的计算方法,其结果与按经验公式的计算结果进行了比较,同时讨论了一次汽化温度与焦油馏分产率及二段蒸发器过热蒸汽用量的关系。     

Physical basis for a pressure-dependent yield criterion for polymers

A previously empirical pressure-dependent yield criterion for polymeric solids is derived from linear thermoelasticity and equilibrium thermodynamics. The assumption of a critical value of the mechanical component of the internal energy density at the onset of plastic deformation leads to an explicit expression for the yield condition in terms of the stress invariants and thermomechanical properties of the material. Order of magnitude agreement between the linear theory and published experimental data is obtained for a variety of polymers, suggesting a possible physical basis for pressure-dependent yielding.     

Criteria for the affinity of dyes for fibres

An equation was obtained for evaluating the thermodynamic affinity of a disperse dye for a fibre. Quantities Δh _D and K _D , which are functions of the composition of the dye bath, temperature, and state of the fibre material, can characterize the change in the affinity of the dye for the fibre when the dyeing conditions are varied.     

焦化厂蒸氨供热方式分析

焦化厂蒸氨的供热方式决定蒸氨过程的能源消耗量及污染物排放量,因此已引起业界的广泛关注。结合工作实践,对直接蒸汽供热、导热油供热、管式炉加热循环废水供热及间接蒸汽再沸器供热进行了对比,并对管式炉加热循环废水供热及其工艺进行了重点介绍。可供焦化厂选择蒸氨供热方式参考。     

活性石灰回转窑用耐火砖损坏原因及对策

分析了活性石灰回转窑用耐火材料的损坏原因,认为炉衬的附着物质与氧化硅和氧化铁的反应有关,硅酸钙与CaO是结圈的主要成分.改善耐火材料可以提高其使用寿命.     

High-throughput construction method for expression vector of peptides for NMR study suited for isotopic labeling

Fusion protein constructs for labeled peptides were generated with the 114 amino acid thioredoxin (TRX), coupled with the incorporation of a histidine tag for affinity purification. Two tandem AhdI sites were designed in the multiple cloning site of the fusion vector according to our novel unidirectional TA cloning methodology named PRESAT-vector, allowing one-step background-free cloning of DNA fragments. Constructs were designed to incorporate the four residue sequence Ile-Asp-Gly-Arg to generate pure peptides following Factor Xa cleavage of the fusion protein. The system is efficient and cost-effective for isotopic labeling of peptides for heteronuclear NMR studies. Seven peptides of varying length, including pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM), were expressed using this TRX fusion system to give soluble fusion protein constructs in all cases. Three alternative methods for the preparation of DNA fragments were applied depending on the length of the peptides, such as polymerase chain reaction, chemical synthesis or a 'semi-synthetic method', which is a combination of chemical synthesis and enzymatic extension. The ability easily to construct, express and purify recombinant peptides in a high-throughput manner will be of enormous benefit in areas of biomedical research and drug discovery.     

Requirements for synthetic diamond devices for radiotherapy dosimetry applications

CVD diamond is a remarkable material for the fabrication of radiation detectors. Radiation hardness, chemical resistance and high-temperature operation capabilities of diamond motivate its use for fabrication of devices operating in hostile environments such as that encountered in nuclear industry and high energy physics. Its potentialities for such applications have been well documented and recent studies have led to the developments of a few applications that are addressing specific industrial needs.One particular interest of diamond stands in the fact that its atomic number is close to that of human tissues. This implies that the response of a diamond device to radiation is close to that received by the human body. Its thus enables the straightforward measurement of the dose for radiotherapy applications. However, this requires high reproducibility and linearity. It is widely observed that radiation exposure is modifying the initial performances of diamond detectors and priming devices is therefore required to obtain the required linearity. However, the nature of defects in the material strongly influences the type of priming required. This paper will address this problem from the study of trapping levels and their influence on the device response. We present here the current status of the development of polycrystalline diamond for this type of application, and propose new techniques of improving the material characteristics toward the optimisation of ionisation chamber performances as well as that of thermoluminescent dosimeters for the particular field of radiotherapy applications.     

Basis for the formula for the fibre suspension

The following suspension composition is recommended for fabricating yarn by the hydrodynamic method: 3 g/liter methylcellulose; 2 g/liter Laprol 5003; 2 g/liter aluminum oxide fibre. It is useful to remix the suspension directly during use, providing the corresponding technical agents for realizing this condition in the yarn manufacturing setup.     

蒸馏塔操作故障诊断的专家系统

随着计算机和人工智能技术的发展，适合蒸馏塔的故障诊断系统已得到成功应用，文中介绍了适合焦化厂蒸馏塔使用的使用的操作故障诊断专家系统的组成及实例。     

CCR制气装置的自控系统设计

介绍了CCR制气装置自控系统的设计，论述了工艺要求、控制系统结构和主要控制特点。     

工程建设项目全面造价管理要则

通过对工程建设项目特点剖析，提出了工程建设项目全过程造价管理、全要素造价管理、全风险造价管理、全团队造价管理等四项造价管理技术，针对其特点提出全面造价管理的管理技术要则，并提出要注重事前管理控制、项目信息的收集和加工、加强项目的动态性管理、重视项目管理的科学性和艺术性等各项要求。