Isogeometric analysis and shape optimization via boundary integral

In this paper, we present a boundary integral based approach to isogeometric analysis and shape optimization.For analysis, it uses the same basis, Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) basis, for both representing object boundary and for approximating physical fields in analysis via a Boundary-Integral-Equation Method (BIEM). We propose the use of boundary points corresponding to Greville abscissae as collocation points. We conducted h-, p- and k-refinement study for linear elasticity and heat conduction problems. Our numerical experiments show that collocation at Greville abscissae leads to overall better convergence and robustness. Replacing rational B-splines with the linear B-Splines as shape functions for approximating solution space in analysis does not yield significant difference in convergence.For shape optimization, it uses NURBS control points to parameterize the boundary shape. A gradient based optimization approach is adopted where analytical sensitivities of how control points affect objective and constraint functions are derived. Two 3D shape optimization examples are demonstrated.Our study finds that the boundary integral based isogeometric analysis and optimization have the following advantages: (1) the NURBS based boundary integral exhibits superior computational advantages over the usual Lagrange polynomials based BIEM on a per degree-of-freedom basis; (2) it bypasses the need for domain parameterization, a bottleneck in current NURBS based volumetric isogeometric analysis and shape optimization; (3) it offers tighter integration of CAD and analysis since both the geometric models for both analysis and optimization are the same NURBS geometry.     

带形状参数的C1连续的三角Coons曲面片

针对三角形域上超限插值的曲面缺乏形变的特点,利用两类带形状参数的Hermite多项式构造C1连续的两种格式的带形状参数的Coons曲面片。构造的三角曲面片均含有形状参数λ,调整λ的值,可改变曲面的内部形状,而不影响曲面的边界形状;当λ＝0时,可退化为通常的边-边与边-点格式插值的曲面片。最后,实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

Isogeometric shape optimization of vibrating membranes

We consider a model problem of isogeometric shape optimization of vibrating membranes whose shapes are allowed to vary freely. The main obstacle we face is the need for robust and inexpensive extension of a B-spline parametrization from the boundary of a domain onto its interior, a task which has to be performed in every optimization iteration. We experiment with two numerical methods (one is based on the idea of constructing a quasi-conformal mapping, whereas the other is based on a spring-based mesh model) for carrying out this task, which turn out to work sufficiently well in the present situation. We perform a number of numerical experiments with our isogeometric shape optimization algorithm and present smooth, optimized membrane shapes. Our conclusion is that isogeometric analysis fits well with shape optimization.     

平面线弹性问题的等几何形状优化方法

介绍具有等几何分析功能的GeoPDEs平台的数据结构和分析流程,针对二维平面形状优化问题,以控制顶点为设计变量,在推导出等几何分析的灵敏度计算公式后,提出基于GeoPDEs平台的灵敏度分析的高效实现方法,并采用移动渐近线法(Method of Moving Asymptotes,MMA)算法进行等几何形状优化.形状优化实例表明该方法收敛速度快,优化结果较理想.     

三角域上C1连续的T-Coons曲面片

在三角形域上利用两类含形状参数的三角Hermite多项式构造C¹连续的两种形式的带形状参数的Coons曲面片。构造的三角曲面片均含有形状参数λ,调整λ的值,可改变曲面的内部形状,而不影响曲面的边界形状。给定的方法是对通常的边－边法和边－点法的扩展。给出的两个实例显示了方法的有效性。     

Isogeometric sizing and shape optimization of thin structures with a solid-shell approach

Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization - This work explores the use of solid-shell elements in the the framework of isogeometric shape optimization of shells. The main difference of these...     

三角域上C 1连续的C-Coons曲面片*

在三角形域上利用两类C-Hermite多项式构造C1连续的两种形式的C-Coons曲面片,构造的三角曲面片均含有形状参数α,调整α的值,可改变曲面的内部形状,而不影响曲面的边界形状;当形状参数α趋于0时,可退化为通常的边—边与边—点方法插值的曲面片。最后,通过例子比较显示了该方法的实际效果。     

带形状参数的混合Coons类曲面

给出了一组新的混合函数,并分析了该组函数的性质,在此基础上构造了一种带形状参数的混合Coons类曲面片。所构造的曲面不仅具有双三次Coons曲面片的性质,而且带有形状参数,可通过调控形状参数得到不同的曲面片。特别地,当形状参数取0时可得到优化的混合函数。另外,所得曲面还能精确表示圆环面、椭球面等二次曲面。     

Filling n-sided regions with G 1 triangular Coons B-spline patches

Filling n-sided regions is an essential operation in shape and surface modeling. Positional and tangential continuities are highly required in designing and manufacturing. We propose a method for filling n-sided regions with untrimmed triangular Coons B-spline patches, preserving G ¹ continuity exactly. The algorithm first computes a central point, a central normal, the central, and the corner derivative vectors. Then the region is split into n triangular areas by connecting the central point to each corner of the boundary. These inner curves and all cross-boundary derivatives are computed fulfilling G ¹ compatibility conditions. And finally, the triangular patches are generated in the Coons B-spline form, one boundary of which is regressed to the central vertex. Neither positional nor tangential error is introduced by this method. And only one degree elevation is needed.     

Isogeometric topological shape optimization using dual evolution with boundary integral equation and level sets

An isogeometric topological shape optimization method is developed, using a dual evolution of NURBS curves and level sets; the NURBS curves feature the exact representation of geometry and the level sets help to detect and guide the topological variation of NURBS curves. The implicit geometry by the level sets is transformed into the parametric NURBS curves by minimizing the difference of velocity fields in both representations. A gradient-based optimization problem is formulated, based on the evolution of the NURBS curves. The control points of NURBS curves are taken as design variables. The necessary response and design sensitivity are computed by an isogeometric boundary integral equation method (BIEM) using the NURBS curves. The design sensitivity is obtained on fixed grids and utilized as the velocity to update the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for the level sets. To obtain the whole velocity field on the fixed grids, an interpolation and velocity extension scheme are employed. The developed method provides accurate response and enhanced sensitivity using isogeometric BIEM. Also, additional post-processing is not required to communicate with CAD systems since the optimal design is represented as NURBS curves. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy of design sensitivity on fixed grids and the feasibility of shape and topological optimization.     

带形状参数的Coons类曲面的构造与拼接

给出了一组带形状参数[λ1]、[λ2]的混合函数,分析了该组函数的性质。基于这组带形状参数的混合函数,构造了一种带形状参数的混合Coons类曲面片。所构造的曲面不仅保持了Coons曲面的良好边界插值性质,而且可通过调控形状参数来改变曲面的内部形状。讨论了带形状参数的混合Coons类曲面片光滑拼接的条件,通过实例说明了方法的实用性。     

Isogeometric topology optimization using trimmed spline surfaces

In the present work, a new spline based topology optimization using trimmed spline surfaces and the isogeometric analysis is proposed. In the proposed approach, the trimmed surface analysis which can treat topologically complex spline surfaces using trimming information provided by CAD systems is employed for structural response analysis and sensitivity calculation in the topology optimization. The outer and inner boundaries of design models are represented by a spline surface and trimming curves. Design variables used in this approach are the coordinates of control points of a spline surface and those of trimming curves. New sensitivity formulations for the control points in the trimmed surface analysis are proposed and their efficiency and accuracy are verified. The creation of new inner fronts during optimization is allowed for the topological flexibility. An inner front merging algorithm is also presented. The proposed spline based topology optimization is used to solve some benchmarking problems. Design space dependency which is one of serious shortcomings in conventional topology optimization approaches is naturally eliminated by the proposed spline based optimization. Design dependent load problems which are difficult to treat with conventional grid based topology optimization methods are easily dealt with by the proposed one. It is also shown that post-processing effort for converting to CAD model is eliminated by using the same spline information in numerical analysis and design optimization.     

Process optimization of sedimentation self-assembly of opal photonic crystals under relative humidity-controlled environments

Minimum time of fabricating high quality of opal photonic band gap (PBG) crystal films was obtained by adjusting the relative humidity (RH)-controlled environments using the process optimization approach developed in this study. A three-stage process of silica particle (380 nm) deposition was proposed for the PBG crystal fabrication. The stop band intensity of the produced PBG film was determined using a spectrometer to represent the quality of the film. A process model of the film quality associated with the RH environments at the three stages was constructed using a design of experiment (DOE) and an artificial neural networks (ANN) methods. Results show that the quality of the PBG films was most influenced by the RH environment in the final deposition stage. The optimization approach with the built ANN model was used to estimate the optimal RH-controlled conditions to minimize the fabrication time of required PBG films. Moreover, the predicted optimal operating conditions were verified by experimental tests which results agree with the estimated quality of the PBG films.     

混合B样条实体模型的等几何拓扑优化

等几何拓扑优化方法将经典拓扑优化理论中的有限元分析过程更改为等几何分析计算,从而提高了拓扑优化的效率与稳定性.针对现有的等几何拓扑优化方法在处理复杂实体结构优化问题时具有一定的局限性,提出一种非结构化样条实体等几何拓扑优化方法.基于混合B样条构造技术,在非结构化六面体网格上构造具有复杂结构的样条实体,并将其作为拓扑优化...     

Maximum energy dissipation for elasto-plastic plates via isogeometric shape optimization

In this research, optimum shape of plate structures is sought to maximize the energy dissipation via structural shape optimization. To achieve this, isogeometric analysis (IGA) is utilized for structural analysis of plates considering elasto-plastic behavior of materials. The von Mises material model is employed for this purpose. Non-uniform rational B-splines basis functions are used for both geometry definition and approximating the unknown deformation field. The optimization problem is to maximize the structural dissipated energy until a prescribed displacement is reached and a fixed amount of material is considered in the design domain. A direct shape sensitivity analysis is performed and a mathematical based approach is employed for the optimization process. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm three examples are illustrated. Using the IGA prevents adjusting analysis model during the optimization process, which is time-consuming especially when iterative nonlinear analysis is performed. The results also show that large geometry modifications can be properly managed by the proposed algorithm.