细晶粒AZ31(Ce)镁合金板材的组织与性能

研究了稀土元素Ce对Mg-AL-Zn系AZ31镁合金板材轧制、退火后组织与性能的影响，探讨了细晶粒镁合金的塑性变形机理。结果表明，AZ31(Ce)合金轧制变形及退火后，可以获得尺寸十分细小的晶粒(约10μm)，变形能力进一步提高。细晶粒镁合金在变形过程中有多种变形机制共同作用，在大尺寸晶粒中，变形机制以滑移和孪生为主，而在小尺寸晶粒(约10μm)中，晶界滑动机制发挥了重要作用，它可以协调大尺寸晶粒的变形对提高镁合金变形能力起有益的补充，有效地提高镁合金的轧制变形能力。     

晶粒尺寸及取向对AZ31合金板材室温拉伸塑性变形与断裂机制的影响

对AZ31镁合金轧制态板材分别在473~673 K温度范围退火1 h以获得不同初始显微组织。通过金相显微镜、背散射电子衍射分析(EBSD)和力学试验机,研究晶粒尺寸和取向分布对合金板材室温单向静拉伸过程塑性变形和断裂机制的影响。结果表明,晶界取向角呈连续分布有利于晶粒协调塑性变形。随着晶粒尺寸的降低,晶界对室温塑性变形的贡献增大,晶界与位错滑移和孪生的交互作用增强。对于取向角均呈连续分布的473 K和573K退火态板材,平均晶粒尺寸分别为3.6μm和9.5μm,塑性变形主导机制由晶界滑动和位错滑移转变为晶界滑动、位错滑移和孪生,断裂机制由微孔聚集型转变为微孔聚集型和解理型混合型断裂方式。673 K退火态板材的平均晶粒尺寸达22.9μm,塑性变形主导机制为位错滑移和孪生。此时,由于晶界取向角呈离散分布,晶粒协调塑性变形能力差,断裂机制转变为解理断裂。     

等通道角挤压变形AZ31镁合金的变形行为

研究挤压态和等通道角挤压(EcAE)态AZ31镁合金的变形行为与微观组织的相关性.结果表明,ECAE态AZ31镁合金的室温拉伸屈服强度与晶粒尺寸之间表现出反Hall-Petch关系,且拉压不对称性明显减弱;在室温压缩时表现出应变速率敏感性,并随变形温度升高,应变速率敏感性因子变大.挤压态合金的晶粒度为20 μm,具有典型的挤压丝织构,主要变形方式为基面位错滑移和孪生,导致了合金中明显的拉压不对称性.ECAE态合金平均品粒尺寸约为2μm,织构相对随机化,导致合金压缩时孪生比率明显下降,其他变形模式比率增加,提高了变形抗力,降低了拉压不对称性.ECAE态AZ31镁合金压缩的激活能接近其晶界扩散激活能,晶界滑移在一定程度上导致了合金的反Hall-Peteh关系的出现以及应变速率敏感性的增强.     

动态塑性变形下AZ31镁合金的孪生特征

沿热轧退火态AZ31镁合金轧制方向进行室温动态塑性变形,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜研究{10ī2}孪生的变体类型及结构特征。结果表明:在{10ī2}孪生机制主导塑性变形的初级阶段(ε8%),AZ31镁合金中大部分晶粒内部仅产生一种{10ī2}孪生变体或变体对,所以孪晶结构呈彼此平行状,将晶粒分割成片层组织;这种片层组织的厚度随着应变量的增加而减小,从5.55μm减小到2.49μm;少数晶粒形核产生不同的{10ī2}孪生变体,且这种晶粒的数量随着塑性变形量的增大而增加;当ε8%,孪生体积分数接近饱和,位错滑移成为镁合金主要的变形机制。     

搅拌摩擦加工AZ31细晶镁合金超塑性行为研究

借助搅拌摩擦加工工艺制备了AZ31细晶镁合金,研究对比了原始母材和各种晶粒尺寸细晶镁合金的超塑性行为。结果表明：AZ31板材平均晶粒尺寸由7.67μm细化到0.94μm~3.21μm。在450℃,应变速率5×10-4/s-1时原始母材最大延伸率为630%,搅拌摩擦加工后的材料最大延伸率为405%,说明晶粒尺寸与超塑性性能没有线性关系。超塑性变形机制主要是晶界滑移,孪生对变形也有一定影响。断裂机制是晶间微小空洞的形成、长大和连接。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金超塑性变形中的组织演变及变形机制

920℃、应变速率为1×10.3和2×10.4 s.1时,对不同初始晶粒尺寸(2.6、6.5和16.2 μm)的Ti-6Al-4V合金进行超塑性拉伸变形.采用光学显微镜、透射电镜观察变形后的显微组织.结果表明,初始晶粒尺寸的不同对超塑性变形中的组织演变及变形机制有着显著的影响.拉伸变形中晶粒明显粗化,变形诱发晶粒长大是超塑性变形组织的重要特征之一;随着变形程度的增大,应变诱发的晶粒长大显著增大,并且远大于静态长大的增幅.对于细晶粒材料(2.6和6.5 μm),位错运动协调的界面滑动是其变形的主要机制.而对于晶粒较粗的材料(16.2 μm),超塑变形机制是晶界滑动与晶内位错运动的共同作用.随着晶粒尺寸的增大,以晶界滑动为主的变形方式逐渐转向以晶内位错运动为主.     

AZ31B镁合金的铸轧组织及其相关变形机制

利用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜对AZ31B镁合金铸轧板坯的微观组织进行研究.结果表明:铸轧AZ31B镁合金板坯主要由α-Mg基体、枝晶间Mg17Al12共晶体和弥散分布的细小析出相组成,铸轧对晶粒的细化效果不明显;板坯在铸轧过程中经历一定的塑性变形,且变形多分布于板材表层;塑性变形在合金中产生大量的位错及位错胞的同时,也产生一定数量的孪晶;经孪生改变晶体取向后的晶粒会在适合的条件下发生滑移变形,孪生和滑移的协同作用使孪晶和位错共存、孪晶中位错的产生和孪晶的变形;铸轧时的塑性变形和高温还导致回复和再结晶的发生.     

搅拌摩擦加工AZ31细晶镁合金超塑性行为

借助搅拌摩擦加工工艺制备了AZ31细晶镁合金,研究对比了原始母材和各种晶粒尺寸细晶镁合金的超塑性行为。结果表明:AZ31板材平均晶粒尺寸由7.67μm细化到0.94~3.21μm。在450℃,应变速率5×10~(-4) s~(-1)时原始母材最大延伸率为630%,搅拌摩擦加工后的材料最大延伸率为405%,说明晶粒尺寸与超塑性性能没有线性关系。超塑性变形机制主要是晶界滑移,孪生对变形也有一定影响。断裂机制是晶间微小空洞的形成、长大和连接。     

AZ31镁合金挤压板材的中温变形机理及软化机制(英文)

研究AZ31镁合金挤压板材在473～523K的温度范围内。应变速率0.001～1.0s-1压缩时的流变应力行为,计算板材沿挤压方向压缩时的激活能,并结合光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜探讨合金软化机制和变形机理之间的联系。结果表明,在中温下沿挤压方向压缩时,AZ31挤压态镁合金的变形激活能为174.18kJ/mol。这说明,由热激活位错交滑移所控制的动态再结晶是合金中温变形的主要软化机制。位错滑移是中温变形的主要变形机理,而孪生的作用则不大。其主要的动态再结晶机制为持续动态再结晶,并伴随少量的孪生动态再结晶。     

AZ31镁合金晶粒细化对其力学性能的影响

搜集了大量国内外有关AZ31镁合金经过不同加工工艺后不同晶粒尺寸所对应的力学性能的文献资料,对它们的分析研究表明,加工工艺的不同、晶粒细化到一定程度变形机制的改变、织构的软化及晶界参与滑移的影响,在一定条件下合金晶粒的细化并不能提高AZ31镁合金的强度性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.