非晶硅顶电池中的n型掺杂层对非晶硅/微晶硅叠层太阳电池性能的影响

采用超高频等离子增强化学气相沉积(VHF-PECVD)技术,逐次高速沉积非品硅顶电池及微晶硅底电池,形成pin/pin型非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池.通常顶电池的n层与底电池的P层均采用微晶硅材料来形成隧穿复合结,然而该叠层电池的光谱响应测试结果表明,顶电池存在着明显的漏电现象.针对该问题作者提出,在顶电池的微品硅n层中引入非晶硅n保护层的方法.实验结果表明,非晶硅n层的引入有效地改善了顶电池漏电的现象;在非晶硅n层的厚度为6nm时,顶电池的漏电现象消失,叠层电池的开路电压由原来的1.27提高到1.33V,填允因子由60%提高剑63%.     

非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池的模拟研究

电流匹配和隧穿复合结是影响氢化非晶硅/氢化微晶硅叠层电池性能的两个关键因素.文章采用wxAMPS模拟软件研究了氢化非晶硅/氢化微晶硅叠层电池中顶电池与底电池的厚度匹配对电池短路电流的影响,以及隧穿复合结的中间缺陷态密度和掺杂浓度对叠层电池性能的影响.研究发现当顶电池和底电池的本征层厚度分别为200和2 000 nm、中间缺陷态提高到1017 cm-3·eV-1以上,且掺杂浓度提高到5×1019 cm-3时,叠层电池获得最佳性能:换效率为15.60％,短路电流密度为11.68 mA/cm2,开路电压为1.71V.     

中间层掺杂对具有隧穿结构的非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池的影响

为了提高非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池的转换效率和稳定性,在隧穿结构中引入ZnO∶B中间层,研究了中间层掺杂情况对叠层电池短路电流密度、开路电压、填充因子、转换效率等性能的影响。实验结果表明:最佳的非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池中间层为厚度较薄、掺杂浓度较高的ZnO∶B,有利于叠层电池整体性能的提高。最终,采用厚度为40 nm,B2H6流量为5 ml/min的ZnO∶B中间层,制备出了初始效率为12.2%、衰退率在8%以内的叠层电池。     

Si基薄膜叠层太阳电池中顶底电池电流匹配的实现

以中间层对非晶硅/微晶硅(a-Si/μc-Si)叠层太阳电池电学特性的影响为研究对象,运用太阳能电池模拟软件,计算了中间层折射率和厚度的变化对顶/底电池电流的影响.针对当前Si基薄膜叠层太阳电池中存在的顶、底电池电流不匹配的问题,提供了解决方案.结果表明,应选用折射率小于3.1的材料作中间层;顶、底电池电流完全匹配的中...     

N-I-P 单结微晶硅太阳电池中N/I 与 I/P界面缓冲层的研究与优化

采用高压RF-PECVD技术制备了本征微晶硅薄膜和n-i-p结构微晶硅太阳电池。详细研究了n-i-p微晶硅太阳电池中n/i 和 i/p 缓冲层对太阳电池性能的影响。实验结果表明,提高n/i 界面晶化率以及在i/p 界面加入非晶缓冲层均有利于太阳电池性能的提高。通过优化界面缓冲层,微晶硅单结电池和非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池的性能得到大幅度提高。     

掺杂室沉积本征微晶硅材料及其在太阳能电池中的应用

在掺杂P室采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(VHF-PECVD)技术,制备了不同硅烷浓度条件下的本征微晶硅薄膜.对薄膜电学特性和结构特性的测试结果分析表明:随硅烷浓度的增加,材料的光敏性先略微降低后提高,而晶化率的变化趋势与之相反;X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明材料具有(220)择优晶向.在P腔室中用VHF-PECVD方法制备单结微晶硅太阳能电池的i层和p层,其光电转换效率为4.7%,非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池(底电池的p层和i层在P室沉积)的效率达8.5%.     

本征层厚度对非晶硅叠层电池电流匹配的影响

采用PECVD技术制备a-Si:H/a-Si:H叠层双结非晶硅电池,研究了本征层厚度对叠层电池功率及短路电流的影响。通过调节顶电池和底电池本征层的沉积时间,得到不同厚度比例的本征层(di1:di2),经过实验对比发现I层总体厚度为650 nm,di1:di2=1:5时得到的电池组件短路电流(Isc)和最大功率(Pmax)都是最大值。此时叠层电池的电流得到了较好的匹配,实现了工艺参数的优化。     

硅基薄膜太阳电池研究进展

硅基薄膜电池主要包括氢化非晶硅电池、氢化微晶硅电池、多晶硅薄膜电池以及硅薄膜叠层电池.本文归纳了硅基薄膜材料和器件的微观结构、光学和电学特性,讨论了硅基薄膜电池性能的优化设计,并介绍了近期的研究进展情况,比如,氢化非晶硅抗反射涂层、晶粒为几个纳米的微晶硅材料、中间插入反射层的新型叠层电池结构以及具有高稳定性的多晶硅薄膜电池CSG.     

薄膜硅太阳能电池DEZn输送系统

正目前商业化生产的薄膜硅太阳能电池主要分为非晶硅(a-Si)薄膜和非晶/微晶硅(a-Si/μc-Si)叠层薄膜。其生产工艺首先是在玻璃基板上制造透明导电氧化物(TCO),然后再通过PECVD方法沉积p型、i型和n型薄膜,最后用溅射做背电极。目前工业化的TCO制备方法有溅射法     

PET塑料衬底非晶/微晶硅叠层太阳电池研究

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术,在125℃的低温条件下,沉积了一系列不同厚度的本征微晶硅(μc-Si)薄膜。对材料的光电特性和结构特性的测试结果表明,低温条件下制备的μc-Si薄膜具有较厚的非晶孵化层,并且纵向结构演变较为明显。采用梯度H稀释技术,在沉积过程中不断降低H稀释度,改善了μc-Si薄膜的纵向均匀性。将此技术应用于非晶硅(a-Si)/μc-Si叠层电池的μc-Si底电池,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)塑料衬底上制备出初始效率达到6.0%的a-Si/μc-Si叠层电池。     

掺杂室沉积本征微晶硅材料及其在太阳能电池中的应用

在掺杂P室采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积（VHF—PECVD）技术,制备了不同硅烷浓度条件下的本征微晶硅薄膜．对薄膜电学特性和结构特性的测试结果分析表明：随硅烷浓度的增加,材料的光敏性先略微降低后提高,而晶化率的变化趋势与之相反;X射线衍射（xRD）测试表明材料具有（220）择优晶向．在P腔室中用VHF—PECVD方法制备单结微晶硅太阳能电池的i层和p层,其光电转换效率为4．7％,非晶硅／微晶硅叠层电池（底电池的p层和i层在P室沉积）的效率达8．5％．     

Silicon germanium active layer with graded band gap and µc-Si:H buffer layer for high efficiency thin film solar cells

We investigated solar cells with graded band gap hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium active layer and hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon buffer layer at the interface of intrinsic and n-type doped layer. A significantly improved, 10.4% device efficiency was observed in this type of single junction solar cell. The intrinsic type microcrystalline silicon buffer layer is thought to play dual roles in the device; as a crystalline seed-layer for growth of n-type hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon layer and helping efficient electron collection across the i/n interface. Based on these, an enhancement in cell parameters such as the open-circuit voltage (V_oc), and fill factor (FF) was observed, where the FF and V_oc reaches up to 69% and 0.85 V respectively. Our investigation shows a simple way to improve device performance with narrow-gap silicon germanium active layer in solar cells in comparison to the conventionally constant band gap device structure.     

Improved micromorph solar cells by means of mixed‐phase n‐doped silicon oxide layers

A good light trapping scheme is necessary to improve the performance of amorphous/microcrystalline silicon tandem cells. This is generally achieved by using a highly reflective transparent conducting oxide/metal back contact plus an intermediate reflector between the component cells. In this work, the use of doped silicon oxide as alternative n‐layer in micromorph solar cells is proposed as a means to obtain high current values using a simple Ag back contact and no extra reflector between the component cells n‐doped silicon oxide layers with a wide range of optical and electrical properties have been prepared. The influence of different deposition regimes on the material properties has been studied. The main findings are the following: (i) when carbon dioxide is added to the gas mixture, sufficiently high hydrogen dilution is necessary to widen the transition region from highly conductive microcrystalline‐like films to amorphous material characterized by low electrical conductivity; (ii) lower refractive index values are found with lower deposition pressure. Optimal n‐doped silicon oxide layers have been used in both component cells of micromorph devices, adopting a simple Ag back contact. Higher current values for both cells are obtained in comparison with the values obtained using standard n‐doped microcrystalline silicon, whereas similar values of fill factor and open circuit voltage are measured. The current enhancement is particularly evident for the bottom cell, as revealed by the increased spectral response in the red/infrared region. The results prove the high potential of n‐doped silicon oxide as ideal reflector for thin‐film silicon solar cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mitigation of Open-Circuit Voltage Losses in Perovskite Solar Cells Processed over Micrometer-Sized-Textured Si Substrates

The recent development of solution-processed perovskite thin films over micrometer-sized textured silicon bottom solar cells enables tandem solar cells with power conversion efficiencies > 30%. Next to improved light harvesting, textured silicon wafers are the industrial standard. To achieve high performance, the open-circuit voltage losses that occur when fabricating perovskite solar cells over such textures need to be mitigated. This study provides a practical guideline to discriminate and address the voltage losses at the interfaces as well as in the bulk of solution-processed double cation perovskite thin films using photoluminescence quantum yield measurements. Furthermore, the origin of these losses is investigated via morphological, microstructural, and compositional analysis and present possible mitigation strategies. The guideline will be beneficial for scientists working on randomly textured surfaces and provides a deeper understanding on this timely research topic.     

n型单晶硅片的电阻率和扩散方阻对IBC太阳电池电性能的影响

叉指背接触式(IBC)太阳电池因正面没有金属栅线遮挡,具有较高的短路电流,且组件外观更加美观。但由于IBC太阳电池正负电极在背面交叉式分布,在制备过程中需要采用光刻掩模技术进行隔离,难以实现大规模生产。采用Quokka软件仿真模拟了电阻率和扩散方阻对n型IBC太阳电池效率的影响,并对不同电阻率和扩散方阻的电池片进行了实验验证,从n型单晶硅片电阻率的选择和扩散工艺优化方面为IBC太阳电池的规模化生产提供了理论基础。实验结果表明,电阻率为3~5Ω·cm、扩散方阻为70Ω/时,小批量生产的IBC太阳电池平均光电转换效率可达23.73%,开路电压为693 mV,短路电流密度为42.44 mA/cm²,填充因子为80.69%。     

高效率n型硅离子注入双面太阳电池

为进一步提升n型硅双面太阳电池的转化效率,采用了磷离子注入技术制备n型硅双面太阳电池的背场.基于离子注入技术准直性和均匀性好的特点,掺杂后硅片的表面复合电流密度降低到了1.4×10-13 A/cm2,隐性开路电压可达670 mV,且分布区间更紧凑.在电阻率为1～3 Ω·cm的n型硅片基底上,采用磷离子注入技术工业化生产的n型硅双面太阳电池的正面平均转化效率达到了20.64％,背面平均转化效率达到了19.52％.内量子效率的分析结果显示,离子注入太阳电池效率的增益主要来自长波段光谱响应的提升.     

Impact of Preferential P-Diffusion Along the Grain Boundaries on Fine-Grained Polysilicon Solar Cells

Thin-film polysilicon solar cells are a promising low-cost alternative for bulk silicon solar cells due to their reduced material thickness. Recently, we showed that the use of an amorphous silicon/polycrystalline silicon heterojunction emitter instead of a diffused homojunction emitter led to a boost in the open-circuit voltage by 90 mV. Now, we present a full evidence that shows that this improvement is related to the absence of dopant smearing along the grain boundaries. By using scanning spreading resistance microscopy, we found an enlargement of the junction area by a factor of five in case of a homojunction. The tips of the dopant spikes represent lowly doped areas with an enhanced recombination.     

Silicon heterojunction solar cell: a new buffer Layer concept with low-temperature epitaxial silicon

Amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells, deposited by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique, have been fabricated using different technologies to passivate defects at the heterointerface: without treatment, the insertion of a thin intrinsic amorphous layer or that of a thin intrinsic epitaxial layer. The open circuit voltage of heterojunction solar cells fabricated including an intrinsic amorphous buffer layer is strangely lower than in devices with no buffer layer. The structure of the amorphous buffer layer is investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscope observations. As an alternative to amorphous silicon, the insertion of a fully epitaxial silicon layer, deposited at low temperature with conventional PECVD technique in a hydrogen-silane gas mixture, was tested. Using the amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (p a-Si/i epi-Si/n c-Si) heterojunction structure in solar cells, a 13.5% efficiency and a 605-mV open circuit voltage were achieved on flat Czochralski silicon substrates. These results demonstrate that epitaxial silicon can be successfully used to passivate interface defects, allowing for an open circuit voltage gain of more than 50 mV compared to cells with no buffer layer. In this paper, the actual structure of the amorphous silicon buffer layer used in heterojunction solar cells is discussed. We make the hypothesis that this buffer layer, commonly considered amorphous, is actually epitaxial.     

InAs/GaAs量子点中间带太阳电池的理论研究与优化

从荧光粉散射机理分析了LED器件色角向分布不均匀的形成原因,提出了一种利用逐点步进光学设计方法,实现了不同入射角度内蓝光光程相等的远荧光粉层结构。应用该方法设计了使用不同折射率载体的LED远荧光粉层光学结构。模拟结果显示,应用所设计的光学形状的远荧光粉层结构,相比传统平面荧光粉层结构,75°方向光斑边缘与中心法线方向色差du′v′从0.05降低到0.01左右,色温偏移降低了43%~98%不等,有效改善了白光LED远程荧光粉封装结构的色度均匀性。该设计不需要增加或改变封装工艺手段,工业生产实现简单,额外成本很少,具有较强的实际应用价值。 更多还原