混合动力摩托车技术问题探讨

本文简要介绍了混合动力摩托车的结构形式、运行控制的基本要求以及在发动机运行时给动力蓄电池充电的技术问题.     

摩托车蓄电池故障的排除实例分析

1　故障现象一辆某品牌 100型三轮摩托车,蓄电池亏电,维修人员进行了检查,更换了蓄电池,故障仍未能排除。2　故障分析与排除开启点火开关,按下起动电钮进行发动机起动检验,起动电机投入工作,但工作无力,只拖动发动机缓慢地转了几圈,就不再动了。检验结果说明蓄电池严重亏电。对     

丰田混合动力汽车驱动系统结构分析及性能研究

对丰田最新推出的混合动力（PRIUS）汽车动力部分进行研究，分析其驱动装置的结构和工作特点，研究各工况发动机与电动机的工作状态和交换方式，进行丰田混合动力汽车发动机、电动机的工作状况、蓄电池的充电情况等实用性的仿真，为混合动力汽车的进一步开发提供必要的技术支持。     

SD182FM摩托车发动机可靠性浅析

通过对ＳＤ１８２ＦＭ摩托车发动机的结构分析，综述了保证了工作可靠性的结构特征，以期以改进摩托车发动机的可靠性作一参考。     

摩托车发动机变档齿轮点蚀分析与优化

变档齿轮是摩托车发动机动力传递和档位切换的重要部件,通过开发测试某发动机过程中发生的点蚀实例,结合摩托车发动机的结构特点和工作原理,对齿轮失效原因进行分析,并制定出整改措施,通过试验验证能有效地解决此问题。     

计算机模拟技术在摩托车发动机电控系统开发中的应用

利用计算机模拟技术自行研制出电控摩托车发动机模拟器，该模拟器可以根据电控摩托车发动机的工况特性，模拟发动机电控系统常用输入信号如转速、负荷、发动机温度，进气温度以及蓄电池电压等，同时显示和检测ECU的输出信号如喷油脉宽、点火提前角等，是发动机电控系统强有力的开发工具。     

LPG摩托车发动机喷射方式的研究

阐述了LPG摩托车的发展及存在的问题。在试验研究的基础上，分析了LPG摩托车进气道气态喷射、进气道液态喷射和缸内液态直接喷射对发动机动力性和排放的影响。提出采用液态喷射可以提高LPG摩托车发动机的动力性，是未来LPG摩托车的发展方向。     

混合动力电动汽车结构与控制策略分析

文章对混合动力电动汽车进行了分类,介绍了串联式、并联式和混联式混合动力电动汽车结构与控制策略,指出采用小功率电机和小容量蓄电池组的并联式混合动力电动汽车具有广阔的市场前景,同时对控制策略的研究,是今后的一个工作重点和难点。     

混合动力电动汽车结构与控制策略分析

文章对混合动力电动汽车进行了分类,介绍了串联式、并联式和混联式混合动力电动汽车结构与控制策略,指出采用小功率电机和小容量蓄电池组的并联式混合动力电动汽车具有广阔的市场前景,同时对控制策略的研究,是今后的一个工作重点和难点。     

辅助混合动力电动汽车的小型发动机充电系统研究

介绍了辅助混合动力电动汽车的小型发动机充电系统组成及控制目标，并通过台架试验和道路试验对蓄电池组进行充电试验，得到不同充电起始电压下蓄电池电压变化曲线，验证了通过小型发动机对蓄电池组充电可以达到提高车辆续驶里程、增加蓄电池使用寿命的目的。     

The study on the power management system in a fuel cell hybrid vehicle

This paper presents a model of a hybrid electric vehicle, based on a primary proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and an auxiliary Li-ion battery, and its dynamics and overall performance. The power voltage from the fuel cell is regulated by a DC/DC converter before integrating with the Li-ion battery, which provides energy to the drive motor. The driving force for propelling the wheels comes from a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM); where the power passes through the transmission, shaft, and the differential.     

Combined operation of DC isolated distribution and PV systems for supplying unbalanced AC loads

This paper describes a DC isolated network which is fed by distributed generation (DG) from photovoltaic (PV) renewable sources to supply unbalanced AC loads. The battery energy storage bank has been connected to the DC network via DC/DC converter called storage converter to control the network voltage and optimize the operation of the PV generation units. The PV units are connected to the DC network via its own DC/DC converter called PV converter to ensure the required power flow. The unbalanced AC loads are connected to the DC network via its own DC/AC converter called load converter without transformer. This paper proposes a novel control strategy for storage converter which has a DC voltage droop regulator. Also a novel control system based on Clarke and Park rotating frame has been proposed for load converters. In this paper, the proposed operation method is demonstrated by simulation of power transfer between PV units, unbalanced AC loads and battery units. The simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC software show that DC isolated distribution system including PV units can provide the balanced voltages to supply unbalanced AC loads.     

A direct borohydride–peroxide fuel cell–LiPO battery hybrid motorcycle prototype – II

In this study, a direct borohydride–peroxide fuel cell (DBPFC)–LiPo battery hybrid motorcycle, called HYBROTO, was developed. The hybrid system was designed using a 10-cell DBPFC stack with 120 W of maximum power as the main power source, a 12 LiPo battery pack with 6300 mAh and 65 C for energy storage and as auxiliary power source, and a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. In addition, a voltage-monitoring integrated circuit for fuel cells, a battery management unit, and a motor control circuit were developed to command the DBPFC, LiPo battery, and BLDC motor, respectively. The hybrid system was managed and synchronized by a main control unit (MCU) containing a synchronous bidirectional buck–boost converter and a boost converter. For performance tests, the DBPFC–battery system and BLDC motor were installed in an electric motorcycle body. Performance tests were carried out in the hybrid system under a constant load of 60 W. The hybrid system showed a satisfactory performance under the constant load with an efficiency of 67%. However, the MCU requires further improvement to provide more stable power output. The motorcycle prototype was tested at the 2016 International Symposium on Sustainable Aviation organized by the Sustainable Aviation Research Society.     

Hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell–lithium‐ion battery powertrain testing platform – hybrid fuel cell electric vehicle emulator

A testing and validation platform for hybrid fuel cell (FC)–lithium‐ion battery (LIB) powertrain systems is investigated. The hybrid FC electric vehicle emulator enables testing of hybrid system components and complete hybrid power modules up to 25 kW for application in electric light‐duty vehicles, light electric vehicles and so forth. A hybrid system comprising a 10‐kW_el low‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane FC stack and an 11.5‐kWh LIB pack is installed. The system supplies power to a 20‐kW permanent magnet synchronous motor and a 25‐kW alternating current asynchronous, electrically programmable dynamometer is used to simulate the vehicle load during testing at dynamic drive cycle. The steady‐state performance tests of the direct current (DC) motor, DC/DC converter, low‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane FC stack and LIB are performed as well as dynamic tests of the complete hybrid system. The Economic Commission for Europe driving cycle is selected as a reference cycle to validate the investigated hybrid FC–LIB powertrain. An efficiency of 83% and 95% is measured for electric motor and DC/DC converter, respectively. An average stack efficiency of 50% is achieved. An average hydrogen consumption of 3.9 g * km^?1 is reached during the Economic Commission for Europe driving cycle test. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Energy management of fuel cell/battery/ultracapacitor in electrical hybrid vehicle

This paper describes an energy management algorithm for an electrical hybrid vehicle. The proposed hybrid vehicle presents a fuel cell as the main energy source and the storage system, composed of a battery and a supercapacitor as the secondary energy source. The main source must produce the necessary energy to the electrical vehicle. The secondary energy source produces the lacking power in acceleration and absorbs excess power in braking operation. The addition of a supercapacitor and battery in fuel cell-based vehicles has a great potential because it allows a significant reduction of the hydrogen consumption and an improvement of the vehicle efficiency. Other the energy sources, the electrical vehicle composed of a traction motor drive, Inverter and power conditioning. The last is composed of three DC/DC converters: the first converter interfaces the fuel cell and the DC link. For the second and the third converter, two buck boost are used in order to interface respectively the ultracapacitor and the battery with the DC link. The energy management algorithm determines the currents of the converters in order to regulate accurately the power provided from the three electrical sources. This algorithm is simulated with MATLAB_Simulink and implemented experimentally with a real-time system controller based on dSPACE. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is evaluated for the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed energy management algorithm.     

A simple photo-voltaic tracking system

This paper describes a simple photo-voltaic (PV) tracking system which has been designed and manufactured using a pyramidal stand as a base. A rotating unit consisting of two pairs of modules fixed at an angle of 170° between them was installed at the upper edge of the stand. The four modules and a DC motor were connected to a bridge circuit making the system sensitive to solar tracking. The PV tracker has a DC–DC (24/2 V) converter, DC–AC (24/220 V) inverter and a battery. The modules are able to provide a maximum power of 100 W, which feeds the converter, inverter and DC motor. Wind resistance of the tracker is quite low. The total area of the four modules is 1.26 m². The inclination angle between the modules and the horizontal plane is adjustable (34°±11°) and the tracking angle is 120°. The system can track solar motion with an error of ±10°. The designed PV tracking system, with modules fixed at an angle of 170° to feed the load as well as the DC motor, exhibited it to be an efficient energy-conversion system. The fabricated system offers low wind resistance. The cost analysis data revealed that the proposed design was very economical and cost effective.     

Battery-integrated boost converter utilizing distributed MPPT configuration for photovoltaic systems

In this paper, a battery-integrated boost converter utilizing the distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) configuration for a photovoltaic (PV) system is studied. Each PV module has its own battery and DC/DC converter. Due to the proposed topology and use of battery, the MPPT function is not affected by the load demand and input power from PV. Application of the proposed converter to DMPPT configuration can save the voltage amplification stage and maintain PV voltage during partial shading. Steady-state analysis of the converter to determine the power flow equations is presented. Comparison with the series-connected conventional boost converter is reported in this paper. Simulation and experiment results of a laboratory prototype are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. System design considerations are also discussed.     

发动机怠速停止系统储能装置设计与性能仿真

由于汽车怠速时燃油消耗高,导致车辆经济性降低,汽车怠速停止系统通过自动关闭发动机来节省燃油,提高车辆燃油经济性。提出了汽车怠速停止的概念,在介绍汽车怠速停止系统的结构组成与工作原理基础上,对系统使用电池的情况进行了分析,设计了适合汽车怠速停止系统的复合储能装置,并对储能装置的荷电状态、电容和DC/DC转换器进行了参数设计。对改装后某一车型,利用硬件在环仿真试验系统,在ECE15+EUDC城市循环工况下,进行仿真试验。试验结果表明,设计的储能装置的能量回收率较高,对系统电流能够进行有效控制,降低了对电池的冲击,提高了系统使用寿命,能够较好地适用于城市工况。     

An utility interactive power electronics interface foralternate/renewable energy systems

The foreseeable shortages in conventional sources of electric power has increased the emphasis on the research and development of alternate sources of energy. In order to make a noteworthy impact, the alternate sources of energy need to be utility interactive by means of a power electronic interface (a DC to AC converter). The inherent assumption in the control of DC to AC converters is, that the DC voltage available at the input of the converter is constant. However, when the input is an unregulated DC source such as a battery, fuel cell, photovoltaic cells or any other form of alternate source, maintenance of the constant DC voltage at the input of the converter is often impossible. A modified inverter switching technique is proposed for the interface with the utility grid such that the AC output of the inverter becomes immune to fluctuations in the unregulated input DC obtained from alternate energy sources     

A photovoltaic power-generation system with peak power cut function

This paper presents a photovoltaic-peak power-cutting (PV-PPC) system capable of cutting peak load power. The proposed system is composed of a PV generator, DC–DC converter, storage battery, and an inverter. The function of the proposed PV-PPC system is to use PV energy to cut the peak load power in response to the change in the load demand and generating power. Four possible power flow scenarios are examined in detail through the bidirectional operation of the DC–DC converter and inverter, through the charging and discharging of the battery. The suggested PV-PPC system operation algorithm first selects the operational state by using differentiated charge and load information, with a simple structure to enable stopping in the case of system failure, and operates depending on the selected state. Then, the analysis modelling and operational control algorithm of the PV-PPC-generation system are performed in detail. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the validity of the system.