功能膜材料发展概况及应用进展（待续）

概述了3类新型功能膜材料的最新研究进展，包括PVDF中空纤维微滤超滤膜、低压大通量纳滤膜、正渗透膜、膜蒸馏、血液透析膜、空气能量回收膜等分离膜．锂离子电池隔膜、燃料电池质子交换膜、电渗析膜等离子交换膜，PVDC包装膜、太阳能电池背板膜等封装膜，以及中科院宁波材料所功能膜课题组在此领域的基础研究和应用情况。认为我国应大力新型分离膜，离子交换膜的研究主要向高性能、低成本方向发展．封装膜材料需要发展新型绿色、环保的高阻隔材料以及绿色加工方法。     

功能膜材料发展概况及应用进展（续完）

概述了3类新型功能膜材料的最新研究进展,包括PVDF中空纤维微滤超滤膜、低压大通量纳滤膜、正渗透膜、膜蒸馏、血液透析膜、空气能量回收膜等分离膜,锂离子电池隔膜、燃料电池质子交换膜、电渗析膜等离子交换膜,PVDC包装膜、太阳能电池背板膜等封装膜。以及中科院宁波材料所功能膜课题组在此领域的基础研究和应用情况。认为我国应大力发展新型分离膜．离子交换膜的研究主要向高性能、低成本方向发展,封装膜材料需要发展新型绿色、环保的高阻隔材料以及绿色加工方法。     

偏光片用TAC薄膜市场分析

本文对偏光片用TAC光板膜、功能膜的行业现状进行了分析,包括主要供应商、应用现状与未来发展趋势。TAC功能膜指硬化膜、防眩光膜、低反射膜、防反射膜或者迭加了多种功能的薄膜。     

新膜及膜过程的研究现状及发展动向

本文综述了双极性膜及其电渗析、膜蒸馏、膜萃取、无机膜等新膜及膜过程，简要说明其研究状况，应用前景和发展动向。     

国外膜催化剂的研究与应用

对当前国外膜催化技术(包括膜催化剂和膜反应器)的研究和应用作了全面的评述。着重考察了无机膜(各种金属膜和合金膜、陶瓷膜、各种氧化物膜、玻璃膜以及复合膜等)的催化作用,分加氢、脱氢、共轭反应、氧化还原、C_1-化学中的膜催化等进行了综述。分析了苏联、日本和美国等国家发展膜催化技术的作法,对我国开展膜催化研究提出了建议。     

膜污染产生机理及解决办法

分析了膜污染形成机理,对导致膜污染的因素进行了深入探讨;因物理的或物理化学的以及浓差极化作用,会使膜的内外表面受到污染,造成膜通量的下降,分离效率降低;膜本身的结构及其材料性能,水体中污染物的性质与活性对膜污染起着重要的作用;操作条件的改变,可以改善膜污染程度;讨论了膜污染控制方法及膜污染后的清洗方法,可以采用物理法、化学法对被污染的膜进行清洗,能够使其恢复功能。     

膜材料影响并接式膜组件渗透性能试验研究

用多层并接式膜组件来进行空气隙膜蒸馏试验,验证4种国产聚四氟乙烯膜在该组件上的应用可行性,考察了不同热工质、同工质不同浓度条件下流量、温差的变化对膜通量的影响,通过比较,在试验所用4种膜中4#膜(PP长丝)是比较适合该组件的聚四氟乙烯膜.在不同浓度条件下考察了4#膜的膜污染情况,盐水浓度越大,膜通量下降越快,膜污染越严重.增加膜组件的并联层数,用4#膜试验,可使该组件的产水量达到140 kg·d-1以上.     

膜生物反应器在污水处理中膜污染及其防治

膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用范围和规模虽然不断增加,然而,膜污染严重阻碍了膜生物反应器技术的推广应用。作者从膜的性质、料液性质以及膜分离的操作条件三个方面分析了膜污染的成因和膜污染过程,系统论述了膜污染在国内外的研究进展;另外还从改善膜本身的抗污染能力,变化混合液的特性,优化膜分离的操作条件和膜清洗四个方面介绍了膜污染的防治方法。     

膜蒸馏脱盐中膜污染与膜润湿的研究进展

膜蒸馏作为一种脱盐的新兴技术受到广泛关注。然而,因为实际水质组分复杂,可能含有如表面活性剂、油类物质、易结垢盐和有机溶剂等污染物,导致一般疏水膜在长时间运行情况下极易发生膜污染或者膜润湿,最终造成膜通量或截留性能降低。本文首先简述了不同种类的膜污染和膜润湿的特点及形成原因,并分析了膜污染和膜润湿之间的区别和联系。对膜蒸馏过程中膜污染和膜润湿的监测和预测手段进行了简要介绍,最后针对膜蒸馏脱盐过程,重点介绍了近几年国内外预防膜污染和膜润湿的研究进展。研究者一般从污染物与疏水膜的相互作用力着手对疏水膜进行表面改性制备全疏膜和Janus复合膜,避免污染物在膜面的吸附以及抑制表面或孔道润湿。越来越多的研究人员采用致密亲水膜的渗透汽化脱盐来从根本上避免疏水膜带来的润湿。除此之外,对进料液进行预处理也能显著延迟膜的污染和润湿,如混凝/沉淀、膜过滤、煮沸、pH调控等,还可通过改变进料方式、辅助外加磁场等措施控制膜表面局部区域的流体力学状态,减少污染物的附着。适当的膜后处理措施也能恢复膜性能。最后,文章指出了解决膜蒸馏中膜污染和膜润湿的研究方向。     

疏水微孔膜的制备与改性

膜蒸馏是一种新兴高效的膜分离技术,具有重要的应用前景。膜蒸馏中所用的膜是多孔的和不被料液润湿的疏水膜。分离膜的制备是应用这一技术的关键。文章对膜蒸馏过程及疏水性微孔膜做了介绍。进一步综述了疏水性微孔膜的制备,成膜方法和膜的改性,最后对膜蒸馏在不同领域中的应用趋势作了分析。     

2万t/a离子膜氢氧化钾装置运行中存在的问题及改进

对中石油宁夏大元炼化有限公司2万t/a离子膜KOH装置运行中存在的问题进行了系统的分析和总结,针对问题采取了相应的处理措施,提高了装置的生产稳定性。     

阳离子交换器出力不足的分析及处理

针对河南神马尼龙化工公司化学水装置阳离子交换器出现的出力不足问题,从工艺、设备、树脂、再生系统等方面认真查找和分析,确认是树脂及盐酸存在问题,并采取措施加以解决,给其他化学水处理装置提供了参考和借鉴.     

Integrated scheduling and dynamic optimization of grade transitions for a continuous polymerization reactor

This paper presents a modeling and numerical solution method for an integrated grade transition and production scheduling problem for a continuous polymerization reactor. The optimal sequence of production stages and the transitions between them is supposed to be determined for producing a given number of polymer grades at certain amounts and quality specifications in the most economical way. The production schedule has to satisfy due dates for specific orders. This operational problem is cast into a mixed-integer dynamic optimization problem. Disjunctions and logical constraints are combined with a validated differential–algebraic model describing the polymer process during the production of a specific grade as well as along a transition between two different grades. The modeling and solution approach proposed by Oldenburg et al. [Oldenburg, J., Marquardt, W., Heinz D., & Leineweber, D. B. (2003)] is tailored to this problem class to provide an efficient solution technique. An industrial example process serves as an example to illustrate the modeling and solution techniques suggested.     

钛材汽提塔防腐蚀对策与超温分析

对四川天华公司汽提塔（E-101）的腐蚀问题进行了探讨，提出了在操作和维护中应注意的问题。并对天华公司、锦西厂、建峰厂汽提顶部超温原因进行了分析。     

GK255N型密炼机包转子问题探讨

分析GK255N型密炼机包转子问题的原因,并提出相应的解决措施。个别胶种发生包转子问题是由于混炼温度过高所致,通过采取增大卸料门旋转接头进水管通径及由专业清洗公司酸洗卸料门和转子冷却循环通路、清除流道结垢的措施,GK255N型密炼机混炼个别胶种出现包转子的问题得到彻底解决。     

An adaptive discretization MINLP algorithm for optimal synthesis of decentralized energy supply systems

Decentralized energy supply systems (DESS) are highly integrated and complex systems designed to meet time-varying energy demands, e.g., heating, cooling, and electricity. The synthesis problem of DESS addresses combining various types of energy conversion units, choosing their sizing and operations to maximize an objective function, e.g., the net present value. In practice, investment costs and part-load performances are nonlinear. Thus, this optimization problem can be modeled as a nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. We present an adaptive discretization algorithm to solve such synthesis problems containing an iterative interaction between mixed-integer linear programs (MIPs) and nonlinear programs (NLPs). The proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art MINLP solvers as well as linearization approaches with regard to solution quality and computation times on a test set obtained from real industrial data, which we made available online.     

焦油氨水分离槽焦油排出系统的改进

分析了山东兖矿国际焦化公司焦油氨水分离槽外排焦油的出口及分离槽锥底经常出现堵塞,无法实现焦油正常连续排出的原因,通过采取在焦油氨水分离槽乳浊液采出阀下面约50cm处新配置DN80mm焦油管道等改造措施,有效解决了锥底及焦油采出口堵塞的问题。     

Solution of population balances with growth and nucleation by high order moment-conserving method of classes

The high order method of classes, developed in our earlier work [Alopaeus, V., Laakkonen, M., Aittamaa J., 2006a. Solution of population balances with breakage and agglomeration by high order moment-conserving method of classes. Chemical Engineering Science 61, 6732-6752] for solution of population balances (PBs), is extended to problems with growth and primary nucleation. The growth problem leads to a hyperbolic partial differential equation with fundamentally different numerical characteristics than the PB with breakage and agglomeration only. However, we show that the principle of moment conservation in the numerical solution can also be applied to this advection-type problem, leading to extremely accurate numerical solutions. The method is tested for two numerical cases. The first one is mass transfer induced particle growth, and the second one is primary nucleation with constant growth (similar to the Riemann advection problem). For mass transfer induced growth, we first analyze functional form of the growth rate from mass transfer correlation viewpoint, and derive a general analytical solution for the power-law growth. The numerical results from the moment conserving method are also compared to one well established high resolution numerical method for advection problems, namely the Lax-Wendroff method with van Leer flux limiter. It was shown that the present method is far superior by predicting the distribution moments with several order of magnitudes lower numerical error. For the Riemann problem with constant growth rate, the present method predicts the shock front location exactly without any numerical diffusion.     

炉卷轧线用绝对值型编码器溢出问题的处理方法

介绍安钢炉卷轧线用的绝对值型编码器溢出问题的处理方法。通过在PLC程序中增加对编码器计数值跳变方向的判定,使得编码器的处理值会连续计数,不会发生跳变,不存在溢出的问题,现场设备也不会发生误动作,减少了设备停机。     

AN INTEGRAL-SPECTRAL FORMULATION FOR CONVECTIVE-DIFFUSIVE TRANSPORT IN A PACKED-BED WITH ADSORPTION AT THE WALL AND BULK REACTION

A solution for a convective-diffusive transport problem coupled with bulk reaction and adsorption at the wall in packed-bed reactor has been obtained. Such solution has been derived in terms of a particular solution that satisfies the non-homogeneous boundary conditions, at the wall, and the solution to the differential model with homogeneous boundary conditions. The latter is given in terms of integral equations whose kernel is the Green function of the parabolic differential operator of the transport problem. The Green function is expanded in terms of the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the radial diffusion operator of the differential problems. This methodology allows a decoupling of the linear aspects of the problem (i.e., transport part) of the nonlinear source (i.e., kinetic of the reaction) and facilitates the convergence of the Fourier series involved in the spectral expansion in the case of a need for numerical solutions. Details about the solution methodology and the identification and solution of the eigenvalue problem, are given.