自由空间光通信中的振动抑制研究

卫星联网可以实现高速率的自由空间光通信;;但是由于卫星间的长距离、窄光束的发散角和瞄准系统的抖动使得从一颗卫星到另一颗卫星的瞄准变成很复杂的问题像这样接受平面内发射的光束的抖动会降低平均接收功率增加误码率针对上述问题;;介绍了7种抑振方法     

Analysis of optical coherence multiplexing networks for satellite communication

Free-space optical communication between satellites networked together can enable a high data rate between the satellites. Coherence multiplexing (CM) is an attractive technique for satellite networking due to its ability to cope with the asynchronous nature of communication traffic and the dynamic changes taking place in the satellite constellation. The use of optical radiation for intersatellite links creates very narrow beam divergence angles. Due to the narrow beam divergence angle, the vibration of the pointing system, the movement of the satellite, and the large distance between them the pointing from one satellite to another is a complicated task. The vibration of the pointing system is caused by two stochastic fundamental mechanisms: 1) tracking noises created by the electrooptic tracker and 2) vibrations created by internal satellite mechanical mechanisms and external environments. We derive mathematical models of signal, noise, the approximate signal-to-noise ratio, and the approximate bit-error rates of optical communication satellite networks as functions of the system's parameters, the number of satellites, and the vibration amplitude for frequency-shift keying coherence multiplexing (FSK-CM). Based on these models, we can calculate the negative impact of both the number of satellites and the optical terminal vibration on the system's performance.     

The SILEX optical interorbit link experiment

The European Space Agency (ESA) has instigated an in-orbit demonstration project known as SILEX (semiconductor laser intersatellite link experiment) using a pre-operational link between the French SPOT-4 low earth orbit satellite and the ESA Advanced Relay and Technology Mission Satellite (ARTEMIS). Such an optical communication system brings some new and challenging requirements. In particular, the communication beam, which has a divergence of around 6 μrad, must achieve and maintain a very demanding pointing accuracy in the presence of both host satellite vibration and relative satellite motion. The authors provide an overview of the SILEX project and describe a novel pointing mechanism     

对准误差对前置光放大卫星激光通信系统性能的影响

发射机及接收机的对准误差都会引起前置光放大卫星激光通信系统信号的衰落,在同时考虑发射机、接收机对准误差的条件下优化系统性能非常重要。将接收机对准误差引起的空间光耦合损耗用一个高斯函数近似,并同时考虑发射机对准误差引起的对准损耗,推导出了接收光功率概率密度的近似解析表达式,应用该概率密度函数,建立了基于平均误码率原则的前置光放大卫星激光通信系统的优化模型。仿真结果表明,在给定平均误码率要求及对准误差一定时,存在一个最佳发射光束宽度、接收天线直径及空间光耦合参数,使所需的发射功率最小,采用更大的接收天线并不能降低对发射功率的要求。     

A limitation on the small-scale demonstration of retrodirective microwave power transmission from the solar power satellite

The solar power satellite (SPS) is a future system for transmitting a high-power microwave beam to the Earth using a large, space-based retrodirective array. However, the small-scale demonstration of a prototype retrodirective transmitter for this application faces a basic limitation and associated tradeoffs, which are identified and described in this paper. Computer-simulated examples are presented, and recommendations are made.     

星间光通信振动对系统性能的影响——直接检测PPM调制方式

星间光通信中振动是影响系统性能的重要因素,即使其中一个卫星的瞄准系统的很小幅度的振动也可以引起整个网络的性能急剧恶化。分析了直接检测脉位调制(PPM)下振动对网络性能的影响。     

星间光通信振动对系统性能的影响--直接检测PPM调制方式

星间光通信中振动是影响系统性能的重要因素，即使其中一个卫星的瞄准系统的很小幅度的振动也可以引起整个网络的性能急剧恶化。分析了直接检测脉位调制（PPM）下振动对网络性能的影响。     

Experiment and analysis of the effect of fine tracking system on the unstable platform in laser communication

Atmospheric turbulence and platform vibration in the space optical communication can cause the offset and jitter of beam, which further result in the fluctuations of received optical power. To resist this effect, a communication system with fine tracking systems in the receiver and transmitter is designed. The system is used in the experiment of laser communication between high-rise buildings over a distance of 3.5 km. After adding a vibration source to the transmitter, the centroids of spots captured by the camera of the transmitter and the optical power of receiver are recorded for the purpose of analysis. When the vibration source works at the designated frequency, a peak appears at the corresponding frequency in the spectrum of the spot centroids and the optical power of receiver. Then the peak disappears once the fine tracking system begins to work. Compared with the condition without the fine tracking system, the minimum value of the optical power of receiver is increased by 5 dB, and the standard deviation is decreased by 30%.     

Pointing, acquisition and tracking for optical space communications

Free-space links between satellites provide a means of introducing increased connectivity into a satellite system. This can result in enhanced traffic capacity and extended coverage for telecommunication systems and real-time relay of instrument data to the ground for Earth observation missions. Optical links offer the potential advantages over microwave links of lower mass and power and reduced size so that they can be accommodated more easily on the satellite. However the narrow optical beamwidths involved result in stringent pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) requirements. This paper describes a concept for a compact PAT system which employs a passive antivibration mount to filter out high-frequency disturbances from the satellite. This is under development as part of the ESA-funded Small Optical User Terminal (SOUT) programme. The system concept, hardware implementation, and results of breadboarding critical items are presented     

Interference considerations in frequency sharing between low earth orbit satellites and the geostationary fixed satellite and terrestrial service

Recently many companies and consortia have considered launching LEO satellites for such projects as remote sensing, transportation and mining operations. When the multiple low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are transmitting they can interfere with existing terrestrial microwave and satellite earth-stations in the fixed and mobile service. The interference problem is related to the number of proposed LEOs and the altitude and consequently the time to orbit the earth. These systems usually consist of many small satellites, and each satellite stays in the beam of a terrestrial station for up to 72 seconds in each 222 minute orbit. Earth coverage could be obtained by 48 (LEO) satellites 1500 km above the earth in polar orbit, and hence at least one LEO would always be interfering with terrestrial networks. A technical evaluation would then be required to determine the resultant BER (bit error rate) effecting existing terrestrial services. A determination can then be made to support such a LEO system or object via official channels such as the ITU.     

多板天线“动中通”跟踪波束指向偏差研究

"动中通"系统可以通过接收并比较卫星下传的信标信号强度来调整天线波束指向,从而实现对卫星的跟踪,文中针对多板天线"动中通"系统由于通信内容和信标信号间的频率差异造成的跟踪波束和通信波束指向偏差问题,分析了跟踪波束指向偏差产生的基本原理,提出了一种基于延时线加两级移相器相位补偿技术的误差修正方案,并通过理论推导和Matlab仿真,证实了方案的可行性和有效性.     

一种自由空间光通信光路的设计与分析

提出了一种用于自由空间光通信的光学系统的设计方法,在这种设计方法中通过卡塞格伦天线实现对激光束的准直,通过偏振分光镜和γ/2波片的巧妙使用来减少杂散光和反射光对信号光的干扰,通过对光学系统的自动跟踪控制消除了通信终端的失准问题。分析和实验表明,基于该光学系统的通信终端激光发散角达到0.4 mrad,对准误差小于6μrad,可实现2 km的自由空间光通信。     

Optimization of urban optical wireless communication systems

Urban optical wireless communication systems are considered a "last mile" technology. An optical wireless communication system uses the atmosphere as a propagation medium. In order to provide line-of-sight (LOS), the transceivers are placed on high-rise buildings. However, dynamic wind loads, thermal expansion, and weak earthquakes cause buildings to sway. These sways require the designer to increase the transmitter beam divergence angle so as to maintain LOS between the transmitter and the receiver. It is clear that an overly wide divergence angle increases the required laser power, and, as a result, terminal cost and complexity increase. On the other hand, an overly narrow beam divergence angle may result in cutoff in communication when there is building sway. In this paper, we derive a mathematical model to minimize transmitter power and optimize transmitter gain (divergence angle) as a function of the building-sway statistics, the communication system parameters, and the required bit-error probability (BEP). Reduction in laser power could improve overall system performances and cost. For example, for BEP of 10/sup -9/, we can attain at least a 4-dB reduction of the required transmitter power in comparison to a system with both half and twice the optimum beam divergence angle.     

Performance limitation of laser satellite communication due to vibrations and atmospheric turbulence: down‐link scenario

In this paper, we analyse the effects of vibrations and the atmosphere on the performance of a broadband laser inter‐satellite link (BLISL) which was studied within the framework of the BLISL joint Israeli–German applied research project. The use of optical radiation as a carrier between satellites and in satellite‐to‐ground links enables transmission using very narrow beam divergence angles. Due to the narrow beam divergence angle and the large distance between the satellite and the ground station or airplane the pointing is a complicated process. Further complication results from vibration of the pointing system caused by two fundamental mechanisms of a stochastic nature: (1) tracking noise created by the electro‐optic tracker and (2) vibrations caused by internal satellite mechanical mechanisms. Additionally an inhomogeneity in the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere leads to variations of the refractive index along the transmission path. These variations of refractive index as well as pointing vibrations can cause fluctuations in the intensity and the phase of the received signal leading to an increase in link error probability. In this paper, we develop a bit error probability (BEP) model that takes into account both pointing vibrations and turbulence‐induced log amplitude fluctuations (i.e. signal intensity fading) in a regime in which the receiver aperture D₀ is smaller than the turbulence coherence diameter d₀. Our results indicate that BLISL can achieve a BEP of 10^?9 and data rate of 1Gbps with normalized pointing vibration of G_T*σ_θ²=0.05 and turbulence of σ_X=0.3. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微波副载波复用多路光纤传输系统光发射机的研究

研制成功了直接调制带宽达2GHz的光发射机．在600MHz～2．8GHz范围内光发射机的输入反射小于－12dB。在使用频段内互调失真与载波比约为－20dB。在微波副载波多路卫星调频电视（0．97－1，47GHz）光纤传输系统中，该光发射机工作稳定，光发射机输出的光信号经40km单模光纤后获得了令人满意的图象质量（载噪比17dB）。     

Optical Communications in Space – a Challenge for Europe

The successful test of a laser communication link between an ESA data-relay satellite and an Earth observation satellite marks a milestone in the development of optical space communications. It is the right moment to look back on more than 20 years of R & D effort in Europe. The paper gives an overview of the optical space communication activities at the European Space Agency (ESA), which have started in summer 1977, when ESA placed the first technology study contract in the domain of intersatellite optical links, and reports on the most recent European systems andhardware technology efforts aimed at the development of small and compact laser terminals for global mobile communication systems and satellite-based data networks.     

面向小倾角近圆低轨卫星的DBF波束指向角研究

研究了DBF开环跟踪过程中面向小倾角近圆低轨卫星的波束指向角问题,为避免采用数据拟合进行轨道预测出现的奇点问题,文中引入改进的第二类无奇点根数代替经典开普勒根数,将地心惯性坐标系下的卫星位置速度转化为瞬时轨道根数。采用最小二乘法拟合得到平均轨道根数,以此为参数计算出航天器和中继星的位置,并给出了DBF波束指向角的计算流程。仿真结果验证了文中算法的正确性和有效性。     

一种低轨卫星通信天线多工作模式波束实现技术

在分析低轨卫星通信系统中不同链路所需波束类型的基础上,将所需波束类型归纳为宽波束和可切换点波束两大类,进而提出了用一副相控阵天线来实现这两种波束的方式。以16×16单元顺次旋转切角阵为研究对象,采用最小二乘优化方法综合阵列方向图,得到对地等通量覆盖的宽波束;合理设计波束分布,采用相控阵常规的波束切换功能,得到点波束覆盖图。仿真结果表明,宽波束和可切换点波束均能实现对星下±55°范围的覆盖。相比常规的多天线方式,这种多工作模式波束实现技术大大降低了卫星系统的复杂度,降低了设计、集成、测试和维护卫星天线系统的时间和成本,降低了卫星平台天线布局的难度,因此具有重要意义。     

卫星激光通信中光纤放大器的应用研究

介绍了卫星激光通信的特点,通过计算分析,提出了用于卫星激光通信光发射系统的高功率光纤放大器、用于光接收系统的前置光纤放大器的性能参数。给出了高功率光纤放大器和低噪声前置光纤放大器的实验方案。     

双机之间激光通信ATP技术研究

机载激光通信系统中,激光光束的对准是通信能否进行的关键,采用ATP(捕获、跟踪和瞄准)技术来解决两机光端机的对准问题。主要进行了两机之间信标光捕获方法研究以及对跟踪和瞄准光学系统进行设计。给出了具体计算的原理方法和数学模型,同时对ATP系统的跟踪和瞄准精度指标进行确定。