微合金化钢的动态再结晶及其显微组织的研究

应用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００热模拟试验机测定了微合金化钢在不同终轧温度下的真应力－－真应变曲线，研究了终轧温度及微合金元素含量对动态再结晶的影响，研究结果表明，Ｖ，Ｎｂ可显著抑制微合金化钢轧制过程中形变奥氏体的动态再结晶，因此，在较高的终轧温度下，仍能得到细小而均匀的显微组织。     

Nb微合金化钢异型坯连铸工艺的优化

为了减少Nb微合金化钢连铸异型坯表面裂纹缺陷，研究了Nb微合金化钢的高温塑性，并结合工业性试验，对Nb微合金化钢异型坯连铸二冷工艺制度进行了优化；另外对结晶器用保护渣的理化性能进行了改进，大大提高了Nb微合金化钢连铸异型坯表面质量。     

14SiMn3型贝氏体高强钢的复微合金化研究

结合国内资源优势,研究了用少量Ｍｏ、微量Ｖ、Ｂ、Ｒｅ进行复微合金化,对１４ＳｉＭｎ３型贝氏体高强钢的力学性能影响。结果表明：复微合金化可显著提高其空冷状态的韧性,明显改善低温韧性,并可显著提高回火抗力和高温回火后的强度。     

Ti微合金三级锚链钢的生产试验

为提高三级锚链钢质量,设计该钢种化学成份,优化炼钢过程的脱氧、合金化及连铸工艺,结合钛微合金化及铸坯进保温坑缓慢冷却的工艺进行工业试验.结果表明,工艺过程控制较为合理,生产的三级锚链钢各项性能指标均达到国家标准要求,解决了三级锚链钢纵裂纹的问题.     

提高3Cr24Ni7钢热疲劳性的研究

指出３Ｃｒ２４Ｎｉ７钢高温失效的原因是由于高温下组织变化造成的碳化物平均间距过大，高温强度低于承载应力而引起的，其热疲劳是一种低周高应力疲劳，氧化裂纹在横向应力作用下沿晶界的扩展导致还原镁罐的最终开裂或漏气而报废。利用Ｎ，ＲＥ和Ｂ的微量合金化净化并强化了晶界，使得改性后的该钢种抗热疲劳性大幅度提高。     

一种核级316LN钢的相图计算与微合金化设计

用热力学方法计算了一种核级316LN钢及其在Nb、V微合金化条件下的伪二元平衡相图,研究了不同温度下钢的平衡相组成。结果表明,316LN钢中的主要析出相为Cr2N、M23C6、和相,Nb微合金化316LN钢中会形成含C的MX,有望提高材料的力学性能和耐晶间应力腐蚀性能,V微合金化316LN钢中会形成VN,但对稳定C的作用不大。     

14SiMn3型贝氏体高强钢的复微合金化研究

结合国内资源优势,研究了用少量Mo、微量V、B、Re进行复微合金化,对14SiMn3型贝氏体高强钢的力学性能影响.结果表明:复微合金化可显著提高其空冷状态的韧性,明显改善低温韧性,并可显著提高回火抗力和高温回火后的强度.     

金属氮化物硬质膜层“合金化”的研究进展

通过展示近年来国内外金属氮化物膜层的研究结果，探究了膜层晶体结构、微观组织的变化规律和提高性能的途径；列举了大量文献进行分析.结果表明：添加C或B元素，可形成“替位式”的金属氮碳化物或氮硼化物膜层，具有明显的固溶强化效应；大部分氮硼化物膜层，都可生成细小的金属硼化物，对性能的提高非常有力；加入Si可以细化晶粒，提高膜层的韧性和耐磨性.在TiN和CrN膜层中加入金属合金化元素(如Al、Zr等)，除具有明显的固溶强化效应外，还能显著提高膜层的高温氧化阻力和腐蚀阻力，提高膜层的耐磨性.沉积膜层的显微组织结构，可以通过调整“合金化”元素的比率来改变，并由此可以对膜层性能进行调制.通过“合金化”，金属氮化物膜层的晶体结构、微观组织都可以调制，综合性能显著改善和提高.     

高温应力时效后T91钢组织与性能的演变

为研究电站高温金属部件在高温应力作用下显微组织老化损伤程度的演化规律,设计了高温应力时效老化试验,对供货态T91钢在不同温度不同应力条件下进行高温时效老化.用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、定量金相和显微硬度等试验方法研究组织性能变化.结果表明,T91经不同温度老化后的微观组织随着温度和应力的升高,回火马氏体位向特征分散,晶界和晶内沉淀相粒子尺寸粗化,沉淀相颗粒Feret直径从原始供货态0.200μm增加到0.435μm.在相同温度下应力对组织老化的影响明显,马氏体板条内位错密度降低,板条亚结构退化,马氏体板条特征逐渐消失.随着温度的提高硬度呈现加速下降变化趋势,硬度的下降与析出相颗粒尺寸的增加同步变化,且变化趋势相似.     

不同冷却方式对高温后混凝土性能退化研究

对在不同受热温度、不同冷却方式下的不同尺寸混凝土立方体试块的全应力-应变曲线进行测试,分析了高温后冷却环境对混凝土性能退化的影响.结果表明,与常温混凝土试块相比,受热温度和冷却方式对高温后混凝土强度和变形性能有较大的影响,随温度的升高,自然冷却和喷淋冷却的试块峰值应力逐渐减小,但极限受压变形性能较常温均增大.不同冷却方式对混凝土的抗压强度的影响不同:在250℃高温后采用"自然冷却"方式下的试块抗压强度较"喷淋冷却"方式强度高;而450℃和650℃高温后"自然冷却"方式下的强度较"喷淋冷却"方式的抗压强度低;850℃高温后的混凝土在正常环境放置7 d后发生坍塌,强度完全丧失.同时提出不同尺寸的试块高温后抗压强度的尺寸效应系数.     

冷却速率对一种建筑用双相不锈钢组织和性能的影响

为了分析一种新型建筑材料00Cr25Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢在淬火过程中的开裂原因,通过改变冷却方式研究了冷却速率对双相不锈钢组织和强韧性的影响,并通过数值模拟技术研究了冷却速率对双相不锈钢淬火应力的影响.结果表明,冷却速率对双相不锈钢强度的影响不大,而随着冷却速率的降低,其塑性和韧性呈现出明显降低趋势,而塑性和韧性的降低是σ相的析出所导致的.降低冷却速率和提高终冷温度能够有效降低淬火应力,进而降低材料的开裂倾向.     

Microstructures and properties of 550 MPa grade high strength thin-walled H-beam steel

The microstructures and mechanical properties of 550 MPa grade lightweight high strength thin-walled H-beam steel were experimentally studied. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the air-cooled H-beam steel sample is consisted of ferrite, pearlite and a small amount of granular bainites as well as fine and dispersive V（C,N） precipitates. The microstructure of the water-cooled steel sample is consisted of ferrite and bainite as well as a small amount of fine pearlites. The microstructure of the water-cooled sample is finer than that of the air-cooled sample with the average intercept size of the surface grains reaching to 3.5 gna. The finish rolling temperature of the thin-walled high strength H-beam steel is in the range of 750 ~C-850 ~C. The lower the finish rolling temperature and the faster the cooling rate, the finer the ferrite grains, the volume fraction of bainite is increased through water cooling process. Grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening are used as major strengthening means to develop 550 MPa grade lightweight high strength thin- walled H-beam steel. Vanadium partially soluted in the matrix and contributes to the solution strengthening. The 550 MPa grade high-strength thin-walled H-beam steel could be developed by direct air cooling after hot rolling to fully meet the requirements of the target properties.     

Effect of fast cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-strength steel annealed in the intercritical region

The effect of fast cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-strength steel annealed in the intercritical region was investigated using a Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator and a continuous annealing thermomechanical simulator. The results showed that the microstructure consisted of ferrite and bainite as the main phases with a small amount of retained austenite and martensite islands at cooling rate of 5 and 50 ℃/s, respectively. Fast cooling after continuous annealing affected all constituents of the microstructure. The mechanical properties were improved considerably. Ultimate tensile strength(UTS) increased and total elongation(TEL) decreased with increasing cooling rate in all specimens. The specimen 1 at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/s exhibited the maximum TEL and UTS×TEL(20% and 27 200 MPa%, respectively) because of the competition between weakening by presence of the retained austenite plus the carbon indigence by carbide precipitation, and strengthening by martensitic islands and precipitation. The maximum UTS and YS(1 450 and 951 MPa, respectively) were obtained for specimen 2 at a cooling rate of 50 ℃/s. This is attributed to the effect of dispersion strengthening of fi ner martensite islands and the effect of precipitation strengthening of carbide precipitates.     

合金元素对TRIP钢连续冷却固态相变和硬度的影响

为了研究Al和P合金元素在TRIP钢固态相变过程中的重要作用,利用热膨胀实验、金相观察、显微硬度测量等方法绘制了4种不同Al和P含量的C-Mn-Al-P TRIP钢的CCT图.结果表明,Al元素强烈缩小奥氏体相区,提高Ac3与Ms,促使CCT图左移和上移.P元素能够阻碍碳化物的生成,当钢中w(P)达到0.14%时,能显著将CCT曲线图中的珠光体区与贝氏体区右移.P元素对先共析铁素体相变和马氏体相变没有显著影响.随着冷却速率的增加,材料的显微硬度增加.对于每一种成分超过其临界冷却速率时将得到完全的马氏体组织.添加固溶强化元素可以强化铁素体基体,增加铁素体基体的硬度,P元素固溶强化能力最强,Mn元素稍弱,Al元素很弱.     

基于平均应力的直埋供热管道预热温度

针对大直径、高温、高压预热安装供热直埋管道,在冷水试运行、降温等过程中被拉断、补偿器被撕裂等问题,提出基于"平均应力温度"的预热温度.从升温压应力等于降温拉应力出发,建立起预热温度函数式,绘出"平均应力温度"随压力和管径的变化曲线,并用于事故管道分析.结果表明:大管径的预热安装温度高,是降温断裂的主要原因.预热温度不仅要考虑循环最高温、循环最低温,还应考虑管道内压力、管径大小及其壁厚等因素."平均应力温度"随内压力和管径的增大而显著降低,而"循环中间温度"与这些因素无关.用"平均应力温度"取代"循环中间温度"来计算各项预热参数,能使预热安装直埋管道的降温拉应力显著减小.     

导热硅胶/相变材料复合组件在电池热管理中的应用

一种低温导热硅胶/相变材料复合组件在电池模组中的使用, 有效地解决了相变材料由于液化而发生的析出问题, 同时保持相变材料高导热与高潜热值。由于导热硅胶片具有一定的弹性与黏性, 使得整个系统具有一定缓冲作用, 减少了相变材料与电池之间的接触热阻, 进一步提高了整个系统的散热性能。在3C放电倍率下, 相比自然冷却方式的66.63 ℃, 强制风冷方式的57.99 ℃, PCM(Phase Change Material)冷却方式的最高温度为44.78 ℃, 分别下降了32.8%、22.78%; 温差为3.70 ℃, 满足电池模组的最大温差的要求。在3C放电倍率的循环中, PCM冷却方式的电池模组在3次循环后的温度为51.45 ℃, 在安全温度范围内。     

Nano-scaled iron-carbon precipitates in HSLC and HSLA steels

This paper studies the composition, quantity and particle size distribution of nano-scaled precipitates with size less than 20 nm in high strength low carbon (HSLC) steel and their effects on mechanical properties of HSLC steel by means of mass balance calculation of nano-scaled precipitates measured by chemical phase analysis plus SAXS method, high-resolution TEM analysis and thermodynamics calculation, as well as temper rapid cooling treatment of ZJ330. It is found that there existed a large quantity of nano-scaled iron-carbon precipitates with size less than 18 nm in low carbon steel produced by CSP and they are mainly Fe-O-C and Fe-Ti-O-C precipitates formed below temperature A1. These precipitates have ob- vious precipitation strengthening effect on HSLC steel and this may be regarded as one of the main reasons why HSLC steel has higher strength. There also existed a lot of iron-carbon precipitates with size less than 36 nm in HSLA steels.     

Process Modeling and Control Simulation for a 500W@4.5K Helium Refrigerator

In order to investigate dynamic behaviors of a 500W@ 4.5K helium refrigerator,the process simulator has been completed. The cryogenic process model is described and main components are customized. The realtime communication between the process model and the control system has been achieved. Compared with the preliminary experimental data,the errors of temperatures during the process of 300 K-80 K are less than 10%.The process model is validated to predict the cool-down process very well. The controller parameters are tuned in simulation and applied to the actual refrigerator suitably. Based on the dynamic simulation,the operation of Joule-Thomson( JT) by pass valve has been optimized. And the cool- down process from 300 K to 4. 5 K has been simulated under the control programs. Simulation results indicate that this dynamic simulator based on actual control architecture is available to process control and operation optimization for the helium refrigerators.     

Study on temper-rapid cooling process of low carbon steel produced by CSP

On the basis of the effect of carbon precipitation on the microstructure and properties of steel products below At temperature, a new thermal treatment method （temper-rapid cooling process） was studied. By the temper-rapid cooling process, the yield strengths of the high strength low carbon （HSLC） steel ZJ330 and SPA-H produced using the compact strip production （CSP） process increased from 340 to about 410 MPa and from 410 to about 450 MPa, respectively. The results indirectly indicated that there existed nanoscaled iron-carbon precipitates that have obvious precipitation effect on low carbon steel produced by CSP. The prospect of application is discussed.     

Effect of Nb on the Microstructure and Properties of Cold Rolled and Annealed Mo Microalloyed Bainitic Steel

Two kinds of low carbon bainitic steels,Nb-free Mo bearing and Nb + Mo addition steels,were cold rolled and annealed to investigate the effect of micro-alloying element Nb on the microstructure and properties of Mo microalloyed low carbon high strength bainitic steel. No precipitates were observed in Nb-free Mo bearing steel,whereas,two types of precipitates,i.e.,Nb( C,N) and composite( Nb,Mo)( C,N),were observed in the Nb + Mo microalloyed steel,resulting in precipitation strengthening. The strength of Mo bearing steel was improved by addition of Nb under the same annealing conditions. The grain size of Nb addition steel was almost the same as Nb-free steel. Unlike the obvious grain refinement and precipitation strengthening in hot rolling,the increase in yield strength of Nb addition steels in cold rolling and annealing mainly results from the precipitation strengthening,while the effect of grain refinement strengthening can be almost ignored.