高分子磁体/ TiO2复合缩波材料的电磁性能

研究了在100 MHz～1800 MHz 的高频、微波下, 高分子磁体/ TiO₂( 简称OPM/ TiO₂ ) 复合缩波材料的电磁参数变化。研究表明: 丙烯酸改性的OPM/ TiO₂ 复合缩波材料有效地提高其介电常数, 降低介电损耗和磁损耗,而60Co-r 辐照的OPM/ TiO₂ 材料却显著地提高其磁导率及介电常数, 但材料的磁损耗和介电损耗基本不变, 因此,OPM/ TiO₂ 作为一种用于缩小电子器件及天线几何尺寸的复合缩波材料, 对高频, 微波通信、宇航和计算机有重要的理论和应用价值。      

二茂铁有机磁/微波陶瓷在微带天线小型化和宽带化中的应用

研制了一类未见报道的二茂铁有机磁/BLT系微波陶瓷(OPM/BLT)磁性复合材料,用理论计算和相位延迟法得到的有效磁导率μe及有效介电常数ε十分接近,表明理论计算是获得有机磁材μe和εe的一个简便而实用的方法,用OPM/BLT(质量分数,%)制作的微带天线在1616MHz的带宽达8.6%,几何尺寸可缩小20.7%,并有良好的增益和轴比。因此,这种新型的有机磁复合材料可用最简单的结构设计实现微带天线的小型化与宽带化,在军工和高科技产品上有重要的应用价值。     

掺杂Bi_2Ti_2O_7对Y_2O_3-2TiO_2系微波介质陶瓷材料性能的影响

目前国内外对εr范围在40～80左右的中介电常数微波介质陶瓷体系的研究还很缺乏。为适应现代微波通讯技术发展需求,本实验研究开发了新型中介电常数Y2O3-2TiO2系微波介质陶瓷,并在此基础上添加Bi2Ti2O7陶瓷粉料进行复相掺杂。利用网络分析仪,阻抗分析仪,XRD,SEM等方法,本文重点研究了不同Bi2Ti2O7掺杂量对Y2O3-2TiO2系微波介质陶瓷材料烧结性能和介电性能的影响。通过分析发现适量掺杂能够有效降低材料的烧结温度,并使材料致密化。同时由于Bi3+置换主晶相中的Y3+形成了固溶体,材料主晶相为烧绿石结构并未改变。当添加质量分数为8wt%时获得介电性能较好的陶瓷材料,烧结温度从未掺杂的1460℃降低到1320℃。在1M下:εr≈62.14,tanδ≈1.22×10-3,微波频率(4.55GHz)下εr≈62.85,Q.f=4122.8GHz,τf=-7ppm/℃。     

复合添加La_2O_3/MgO对(Zr_(0.8)Sn_(0.2))TiO_4陶瓷性能的影响

讨论了复合添加La2O3/MgO对(Zr0.8Sn0.2)TiO4介质陶瓷烧结机制和微波介电性能的影响。结果表明,La2O3/MgO对(Zr0.8Sn0.2)TiO4的烧结有一定的促进作用,但La2O3/MgO添加量的增大会造成晶格缺陷和残留气孔的增多,从而导致材料的密度和Q×f降低。在1320℃保温12h、La2O3/MgO添加量为0.9wt%时,(Zr0.8Sn0.2)TiO4介电性能最好,其εr=37.14,Q×f=36600,τf=7.77×10-6/℃。     

原料粉体的引入方式对Li_2O-Nb_2O_5-TiO_2复合微波介质陶瓷结构及性能的影响

通过XRD、SEM等分析手段,结合介电性能测试结果,探讨了两种不同的原料粉体引入方式H1及H2,对Li2O-Nb2O5-TiO2陶瓷体系中"M-相"与Li2TiO3固溶体(Li2TiO3ss)共存的复合陶瓷材料(H1及H2陶瓷)的烧结行为、微观结构以及微波介电性能的影响。采用H2方式制备的H2陶瓷,1100℃烧结2h,材料具有较优异的微波介电性能:介电常数εr=40.2,Q×f值高达9900GHz,频率温度系数τf=4.6×10-6/℃,是一种性能优异的微波介质陶瓷材料。     

BaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃助剂对ZST陶瓷烧结和性能的影响

研究了BaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃助剂对TiO2/Zn2SiO4(ZST)复合陶瓷的烧结特性和微波介电性能的影响.BaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃助剂在烧结过程中能形成液相,有效地将ZST复合陶瓷的烧结温度从1340℃降低至970℃.随助剂用量的增加,Zn2SiO4陶瓷的介电常数(εr)略有提高,品质因数与频率的乘积(Q×f)下降,频率温度系数(τf)无明显变化.添加8%(质量分数,下同)BaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃助剂和一定质量比的TiO2(m(TiO2):m(Zn2SiO4)=11:89)的ZST复合陶瓷在970℃保温4h,具有较好的微波介电性能:εr=8.70,Q×f=21280GHz,τf=-9×10-6/℃.     

CaTiO3 对(1-x)ZnAl2O4-xMg2TiO4(x=0.21)微波介质陶瓷结构和性能的影响

利用常规固相法制备了ZnAl2O4-Mg2TiO4-CaTiO3陶瓷,研究了CaTiO3对其相成分、微观组织结构和微波介电性能的影响规律. 结果表明,CaTiO3能有效地改善(1-x)ZnAl2O4-xMg2TiO4(x=0.21)材料的烧结性能,使其致密化温度降低150℃. ZnAl2O4-Mg2TiO4-CaTiO3陶瓷体系中包括ZnAl2O4基尖晶石相、CaTiO3、MgTi2O5和Zn2Ti3O8相,当烧结温度高于1400℃时,Zn2Ti3O8相消失. 随着CaTiO3含量的增加,体系中CaTiO3相含量增加而MgTi2O5相含量减少,且CaTiO3具有显著地调节谐振频率温度系数的作用. 当在(1-x)ZnAl2O4-xMg2TiO4(x=0.21)体系中掺入6mol%的CaTiO3添加剂时,经1400℃烧结后能获得温度稳定性好的微波介质陶瓷材料,其微波介电性能为:εr=11.8,Q*f=88080GHz,τf=-7.8×10-6/℃.     

(1-x)(Mg0.7Zn0.3)TiO3-xCa0.61La0.26TiO3系陶瓷的微波介电性能研究（英文）

本实验研究了(1-x)(Mg0.7Zn0.3)TiO3-x(Ca0.61La0.26)TiO3(MZT-CLT)系陶瓷的微观结构和微波介电性能,通过(Ca0.61La0.26)TiO3来协调(Mg0.7Zn0.3)TiO3陶瓷的谐振频率温度系数.MZT-CLT陶瓷的主晶相为(Mg0.7Zn0.3)TiO3,第二相为Ca0.61La0.26TiO3和(Mg0.7Zn0.3)Ti2O5.烧结温度和陶瓷组成对微波介电性能影响显著,当烧结温度为1275℃时,可以获得良好的致密度,当烧结温度超过1300℃时,Zn的蒸发导致陶瓷致密度和介电性能下降.随着(Ca0.61La0.26)TiO3含量的增大,材料的介电常数增大,品质因数减小.当x=0.13,烧结温度为1275℃保温4h,(MZT-CLT)陶瓷具有优良微波介电性能,εr=26,Q.f=86000 GHz,τf=-6×10-6/℃.     

聚苯胺原位包覆碳纳米管材料的制备及性能

在苯胺的盐酸溶液中，用过硫酸胺((NH4)2S2O8)作氧化剂，在碳纳米管上原位生成并包覆了聚苯胺，用SEM及TEM观察了包覆前后碳纳米管的结构形态，并对这种材料表面性质及微波电磁参数进行了研究。结果表明：碳纳米管／苯胺重量比为4：1时，生成的聚苯胺可完全包覆在碳纳米管上，包覆层厚度为10nm-20nm；碳纳米管经聚苯胺包覆后表面能增大，包覆后的碳纳米管在水中及固体状态时分散性明显得到改善，微波电磁吸收系数的实部(ε’，μ’)、虚部(ε”，μ”)及电磁损耗因子(tgδe=ε”/ε’，tgδm=μ”/μ’)均得到了提高，表明聚苯胺包覆后碳纳米管有望成为一种电磁波屏蔽材料。     

CaTiO3基微波介质陶瓷材料的研究进展

综述了CaTiO3基微波介质陶瓷的发展与研究现状,比较分析了CaTiO3、Ca1-xLn2/3x TiO3、CaO-Li2O-Ln2O3-TiO2与Ca(B1/23 B'1/25 )O3微波介质陶瓷的重要微波介电性能,讨论了Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO等低熔点烧结助剂对CaTiO3基微波介质陶瓷结构、介电性能的影响以及该系陶瓷制备的新工艺,指出了目前急需解决的问题与今后的发展方向.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...