Investigation of the properties of a magnetofluidized bed and development of a new gas purification technology based on them for simultaneous removal of solid and gaseous substances from hot waste gases

The results of investigation of the influence of the mechanical, thermal, structural, catalytic, and regenerative characteristics of granular oxide catalysts on the efficiency of decontamination of volatile organic substances in the catalyst unit and of the filtration rate, amount, and concentration of dust, the size of filter particles, the direction and intensity of a magnetic field, and other parameters on the behavior of the particles, the structure, the porosity, the resistance, the optimum fluidization rates, and the efficiency of collection of dust in magnetofluidization of magnetic particles have been given. The diagram and operating principles of a new technology for simultaneous decontamination of volatile organic matter and collection of dust have been presented.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 77, No. 6, pp. 59–73, November–December, 2004.     

Interactions between chemical evolution (hydration) and physical evolution (setting) in the case of tricalcium silicate

This paper describes recent experimental results concerning investigation of the parameters which determine, on the one hand, the kinetics of hydration of tricalcium silicate and the thermodynamic, morphological and structural characteristics of C-S-H and, on the other hand, the evolution of the particle interactions at the origin of setting. It is shown that, in both cases, lime concentration in solution is the most important parameter. As a consequence, the chemical evolution of the system, which controls the lime concentration in solution, determines the nature of particle interactions and the physical evolution of the suspension or paste. In return, the contacts, between particles, resulting from the coagulation of the suspension, seem to have a role in the kinetics of the chemical reaction.     

防护层对爆炸焊接质量的影响

为了研究防护层在炸药爆轰过程中对复板表面的保护作用,依据实验数据,分析了复板在焊接完成后的表面平整度、是否发生熔融现象以及金属结合界面的波状纹理的变化情况。防护层隔绝高温的炸药爆轰产物对复板侵蚀,同时在爆轰初始阶段对于应力波透过防护层作用在复板上的应力有明显的增强效应。最终确定在爆炸焊接过程中对复板厚度为0.2cm时,在其表面均匀覆盖一层0.05⁰.15cm的黄油可以较好地保护复板不受高温的爆轰产物侵蚀。实验过程中,选取不同种类炸药进行了对比实验,发现粉状硝铵炸药更加容易装药和控制爆轰速度,本实验选用硝铵炸药完成。     

不同轧辊尺寸下40Cr/Q345双金属环件成形过程有限元分析

目的 研究不同轧辊尺寸对40Cr/Q345双金属复合环件热辗扩成形过程的影响规律,并分析环件在辗扩变形过程中内、外层区域的协调变形机理,使辗扩完成后的双金属环件整体变形和温度分布趋于均匀。方法 基于ABAQUS有限元模拟软件,使用动态显式算法,建立双金属环件径-轴向轧制三维热-力耦合有限元模型,采用直径为70、90、110、130、150、170 mm的芯辊尺寸和直径为400、500、600、700、800 mm的驱动辊尺寸,分别研究两个主要的成形辊尺寸对双金属环件热辗扩成形过程的影响。结果 在研究的轧辊尺寸范围内,随着芯辊直径的减小,双金属环件整体温度分布趋于均匀,其变形均匀性明显提高,其中,环件外层40Cr金属塑性变形明显降低,内层Q345金属塑性变形显著升高;随着驱动辊直径的增大,环件整体温度分布均匀性有所降低,变形均匀性略有提高。结论 在双金属环件热辗扩成形过程中,较小的芯辊尺寸能够提高环件整体的温度分布均匀性,并能有效提高内层Q345金属的塑性变形程度,使环件整体变形更加均匀。较大的驱动辊尺寸会略微降低环件的温度分布均匀性,并通过改变内、外层金属的塑性变形程度使环件整体变形趋...     

Influence of the Composition and Temperature of Concentrated Magnetic Fluids on Their Electrophysical Properties for Different Frequencies of the Electric Field

A study has been made of the regularities determining the electrophysical properties of magnetic fluids based on decane, turbine oil, water, and kerosene as functions of the frequency of the electric field, the concentration of the dispersed phase, and the temperature. The optimum frequencies of the electric field, concentration of the dispersed phase, and temperatures within which the electrophysical characteristics, such as the relative permittivity, the specific electrical resistance, and the dielectric loss tangent, turn out to be the most informative for evaluation of the structure, compositions, and properties of magnetic fluids have been determined.     

冰箱压缩机电路控制保护器之关键技术“记忆金属元件设计应用”

通过探讨电冰箱压缩机电路控制保护器的工作机理,通过结合实践探讨关键记忆金属元件双金属片材料基础理论,包括双金属片的基本特性,如何工作,规格品种,标准试验方法,主要指标（曲率半径、挠性、热变形、弹性模量、机械力、温度力）,应力与温度关系,物理和机械性能（电阻率和电阻、硬度）,稳化热处理,耐腐蚀性及保护,特别是蠕变式园盘的热变形与温度力的组合、＂热变形与温度力＂和温度、直径、厚度的关系等规律,从而初步掌握电冰箱压缩机保护器设计与工艺编制中所需双金属片应用知识。     

PAN基碳纤维微晶结构对拉伸强度的影响

碳纤维由微晶和非晶碳所构成。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)研究聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维微晶结构对拉伸强度的影响机理。结晶度、石墨化程度、微晶无序化程度、微晶尺寸都对拉伸强度有显著影响。结晶度、石墨化程度越大,微晶无序化程度越小拉伸强度越大。微晶尺寸越大拉伸强度越小。比较T300和T700,结晶度、石墨化程度的增加,微晶无序化程度的减小所导致的拉伸强度增量大于微晶尺寸增加所导致的拉伸强度减小量,从而使得T700的拉伸强度大于T300的拉伸强度,同理可知T800的拉伸强度大于T700的拉伸强度。比较M35J和M40J,结晶度、石墨化程度的增加,微晶无序化程度的减小所导致的拉伸强度增量小于微晶尺寸增加所导致的拉伸强度减小量,从而使得M40J的拉伸强度小于M35J的拉伸强度,同理可知M46J的拉伸强度小于M40J的拉伸强度。M35J,M40J和M46J内的较大的微晶对拉伸强度的影响起决定性作用。     

Research impact quantification

The development of methods for the quantification of research impact has taken a variety of forms: the impact of research outputs on other research, through various forms of citation analysis; the impact of research and technology, through patent-derived data; the economic impact of research projects and programs, through a variety of cost-benefit analyses; the impact of research on company performance, where there is no relationship with profit, but a strong positive correlation with sales growth has been established; and calculations of the rates of social return on the investment in research.However, each of these approaches, which have had varying degrees of success, are being challenged by substantial revision in the understanding of the ways in which research interacts, and contributes to, other human activities. First, advances in the sociology of scientific knowledge have revealed the complex negotiation processes involved in the establishment of research outcomes and their meanings. In this process, citation is little more than a peripheral formalisation. Second, the demonstration of the limitations of neo-classical economics in explaining the role of knowledge in the generation of wealth, and the importance of learning porcesses, and interaction, in innovation within organisations, has finally overturned the linear model on which so many research impact assessments have been based. A wider examination of the political economy of research evaluation itself reveals the growth of a strong movement towards managerialism, with the application of a variety of mechanisms — foresight, priority setting, research evaluation, research planning — to improve the efficiency of this component of economic activity. However, there are grounds for questioning whether the resulting improved efficiencies have, indeed, improved overall performances. A variety of mechanisms are currently being experimented with in a number of countries which provide both the desired accountability and direction for research, but which rely less on the precision of measures and more on promoting a research environment that is conducive to interaction, invention, and connection.     

变参数下角接触球轴承保持架的稳定性与振动特性分析

保持架是角接触球轴承的重要元件之一,其引导间隙和兜孔间隙设计不合理会导致轴承运动失稳与共振。针对上述问题,在理论分析的基础上,结合滚珠、保持架和滚道之间的动态接触与变形关系,在ABAQUS软件中建立了7005型角接触球轴承的显式动力学模型,并提取了特定工况下该轴承内圈、保持架与滚珠的动态响应曲线;同时,研究了不同引导间隙和兜孔间隙下保持架的打滑率、质心涡动速度偏差比和各阶振动模态的固有频率。为了验证所建立的角接触球轴承显式动力学模型的准确性,对高速角接触球轴承各元件线速度的仿真值与理论值进行了对比。结果表明：随着引导间隙的增大,保持架的打滑率、质心涡动速度偏差比和各阶振动模态的固有频率均减小,保持架的稳定性增强,但共振风险增大;随着兜孔间隙的增大,保持架的打滑率增大,质心涡动速度偏差比变化不明显,各阶振动模态的固有频率减小,保持架的稳定性减弱,共振风险增大。高速角接触球轴承各元件线速度的仿真值与理论值的最大误差仅为0.099 6%,验证了所建立的显式动力学模型的准确性。研究结果可为高速角接触球轴承保持架的优化设计提供理论依据。     

质量宏观管理的风险与对策研究

长期以来受到相关风险因素的影响与制约,质量宏观管理的效果大打折扣,社会对质量宏观管理也提出了较多质疑。本文将从质量宏观管理的规范性分析人手,通过分析质量宏观管理的主体、客体,以及环境在内的政策制定与政策执行阶段的风险因素,归纳出了质量宏观管理中存在的各类风险,并在此基础上对质量宏观管理风险规避提出相应政策建议,进而提升质量宏观管理的有效性。     

Instrumentation and methods for low temperature measurements in high magnetic fields

There are several difficulties associated with the accurate measurement of low temperature in the presence of an intense magnetic field B. Most of the problems stem from the direct effect of the field on the thermometric properties of almost all of the comcommonly used sensors. Because the magnitude of the field effect, eg magnetoresistance, varies widely as a function of B, T, and the thermometer itself, a careful selection process is necessary to minimize the error. As an aid to such a process, a detailed comparison is presented of the field-dependent errors, Δ/T, as a function of T, of carbon, carbon-glass, germanium, and platinum resistance thermometers, thermistors, Si and GaAs diodes, thermocouples, capacitance thermometers, and several other less popular devices. Specific recommendations are made on the basis of the comparison. The related problem of magnetic field measurement is also examined, with emphasis on the recent characterizations of commercially available InAs, InSb, and GaAs Hall effect probes. From the results of measurements over the 1.5–300 K range and to fields as high as 23 T, several encouraging conclusions may be drawn concerning the performance of the sensors as magnetometers in the 1% accuracy range.     

基于供应链的企业库存成因及优化控制的研究（一）

基于企业全面库存的管理思想,对库存成本、库存控制、库存系统优化等管理经验与前人研究成果进行分析,借鉴先进企业的库存管理理念和方法,以大型制造企业为核心研究对象,在集供应商、制造商、经销商为一体的供应链作为研究框架的基础上,运用供应链系统理论作为研究方法,分析了库存管理现状、影响因素及产生原因,从优化生产管理、整合企业内部供应链和跨企业供应链的角度提出了库存控制的相应对策,以实现全面的库存优化,提高经营效益。     

工艺参数对304不锈钢表面激光熔覆Ni基合金涂层的组织、耐磨性及耐腐蚀性的影响

研究了不同工艺参数对304不锈钢表面激光熔覆Ni基合金后熔覆层微观组织及硬度、耐磨、耐蚀性能的影响,并寻求最佳激光工艺参数,以期获得冶金结合较好,耐磨、耐蚀性能良好的熔覆层。根据组织与性能的综合分析可知,最优激光工艺参数为激光功率2.5kW、扫描速度4mm/s、送粉速率300mg/s。利用优化工艺参数熔覆后的熔覆层宏观形貌平整、光滑,熔覆层宽度为14.36mm,高度为1.612mm,熔池深度为0.248mm,稀释率为13.33,硬度较高,平均显微硬度为646.4HV,并且耐磨损性能较好,磨损量较低。此外,熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能也较好,自腐蚀电位为-286.77mV。在一定的激光工艺参数下,组织从结合区至熔覆层表层依次为平面晶、胞状晶、柱状晶、树枝晶、等轴晶。激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速率不同,熔覆层中组织粗细变化呈现一定的规律性:随着激光功率的增大,组织由细小逐渐变的粗大;随着扫描速度的增大,组织先变细小,然后变粗大;随着送粉速率的增大,组织逐渐变细小。合金的耐磨性与耐蚀性不仅与组织大小有关,而且与组织物相组成密切相关。     

The problems and state of measurements

  On April 21–25, 2008, the Bauman Moscow State Technical University hosted the 10th All-Russia Conference on “Problems and State of Measurements,” which was dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the Faculty of Machine Industry Technologies. It was attended by representatives of colleges: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zhukovskii VVIA, MAI and Stankin Moscow State Technical Universities, Goryachkin MGAU, Ural (Ekaterinburg), Orel, Perm, Tula, and Penza State Universities, the Russian Academy for the State Service under the Russian Federation President, the Maimond Classical Academy, the Novomoskowsk Institute of the Mendeleev Russian Chemical Engineering University, Kharkov Electronics National University; and also research institutes in the RAS system: the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mechanics, the Lebedev Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences, the Trapeznikov Institute of Control Problems, the Institute of Psychology, IMASh and the Blagonravov Nizhnii Novgorod branch of IMASh, and IPMASh (St. Petersburg); the Malaya Therapy Institute (Ukraine) and sectoral institutes: the Astrofizika Scientific and Production Association, Snegirev NITI, VNIIMS, NIIizmereniya, Moscow Institute of Expert Evaluation and Testing, LITMAShDETAL’, and the Omskenergoremont OAO PRP. In this number of the journal and the next one, we present a selection of articles from the conference. We also publish a survey article by the chairman of the organizing committee of the conference, Professor M. I. Kiselev. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 3–5, October, 2008.     

The Effect of the Rear Cavity Wall Ingot Shape on the Evolution of the Liquid–Solid Interface During Melting for the Eutectic Pt-C

When characterizing high-temperature fixed points, the fraction of the melting time of the regular part of the plateau with respect to the total melting time, is critical. Maximizing the melting duration minimizes the uncertainty associated with the determination of the fixed-point temperature. One factor that affects this quality is the effect of the thermal bridging between the external and internal surfaces of the ingot enclosed by the cell. This paper presents the results of simulations for the eutectic Pt-C, investigating the effects of different ingot shapes on the duration of the melt plateau. It was found that the formation of a thermal bridge from the rear of the blackbody cavity toward the outer surface of the ingot was critical and that its formation could be delayed or suppressed through a proper choice of the ingot shape. The shapes considered included, firstly, the shape of the rear of the cavity, in contact with the ingot, either cone-shaped or dome-shaped, and secondly, the inside rear surface of the cell, in contact with the ingot, being a cone, a convex dome, or flat. The presence of impurities in the alloy was taken into consideration, and its influence in the evolution of the liquid–solid interface compared with that for the pure alloy. The effect of changing the thermal isolation of the cell, at its front side, was also considered. A dome-shaped surface for the rear of the cavity was found to be more favorable for the development of a regular melting front, in conjunction with the segregation of impurities during melting. At the rear of the cell, a flat surface ensures the back wall is the last to experience thermal bridging, resulting in more extended melting plateaus.     

现代办公家具设计的多样性探究

目的探究现代办公家具的多样化设计路径及其发展策略。方法由社会发展对办公家具的更多要求出发,总结办公家具对人们日常工作与生活的影响,再以办公家具的基本概念及特点切入,探讨办公家具的功能、材料等方面的多样性要求,在此基础上深入分析办公家具的发展方向,并整理出趣味、绿色、动态、智能四方面的拓展路径,同时深入细节逐一分析设计理论及案例,探寻未来发展的应对策略。结论面对日渐白热化的市场竞争和多样化的现实需求,办公家具的设计必须改变旧有的设计理念及方向,逐渐丰富自身的内涵与功能,实现人性化、趣味化、智能化、生态化,从而在丰富家具形式及家具功能的基础上,拓展更多的价值方向,给人们的办公生活带来全新的使用体验。     

上海非中心城区住宅用地出让的数学模型及分析

目前我国房价总体呈上升势态,而土地出让是影响房价的主要因素．通过对上海某些区的规划进行分析并和土地管理局官员进行访谈,本文提出了住宅用地出让数学模型的基本假定,建立了上海非中心城区住宅用地出让的数学模型．基于上海2004--2015年非中心城区的住宅用地出让、地区生产总值（GDP）、区长任期、地铁站、高速公路、大学、重点高中、公园和工业园等数据,并通过ArcGIS得到了每块住宅用地的位置以及地块到市中心、区中心、最近地铁站、最近高速公路出入口、最近大学、最近重点高中、最近公园和最近工业园的距离数据．最终分析出上海非中心城区的区政府出让住宅用地的影响因素,以及这些因素是如何影响住宅用地价格及政府做出住宅用地出让的决定．可以看出,住宅用地面积、容积率、出让方式、是否用于建设安置房,以及住宅用地到市中心、区中心、最近地铁站、最近大学、最近公园和最近工业园的距离等因素对区政府做出住宅用地出让的决定以及住宅用地价格有影响．     

工艺参数对聚甲醛微注塑制品力学性能的影响机理EI北大核心CSCD

基于单因素实验,研究工艺参数对不同厚度聚甲醛(POM)微注塑制品屈服应力、弹性模量、断裂强度和断裂伸长率等力学性能指标的影响,并基于制品形态结构分析工艺参数对制品力学性能的影响机理。实验结果表明,随着注射速度的增大,1.0mm厚微制品的皮层厚度减小,过渡层厚度增加,结晶度增大,综合效应使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量增大,断裂伸长率减小;0.2mm厚微制品的皮层厚度占主导地位,其力学性能是由皮层的力学性能决定,皮层厚度先增大后减小使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量先增大后减小,断裂伸长率先减小后增大。随着熔体温度的升高,1.0mm厚微制品的分子链取向度减小,皮层厚度减小,收缩量增大,使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量减小,断裂伸长率增大;而0.2mm厚微制品的皮层减小,但过渡层增加,结晶度增大,且补料更充分,综合作用使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量增大,断裂伸长率减小。随着模具温度的升高,1.0mm厚微制品的皮层比例减小,结晶度增大,结晶度影响占主导,使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量逐渐增大,断裂伸长率减小;而0.2mm厚微制品的皮层厚度占主导,皮层厚度明显减小使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量减小,断裂伸长率增大。     

Simultaneous determination of pesticides using a four-band disposable optical capillary immunosensor

The development of a four-band capillary optical immunosensor for the simultaneous determination of mesotrione, hexaconazole, paraquat, and diquat is described. Four distinct bands (each corresponding to a different analyte) are created in the internal walls of a plastic capillary by immobilizing protein conjugates of the analytes. To perform the assay, the capillary is filled with a mixture of anti-analyte-specific antibodies together with a standard or sample containing the analyte(s). After a short incubation, a mixture of the appropriate second antibodies labeled with fluorescein is introduced into the capillary. To measure the fluorescence intensity bound onto each band, the capillary was scanned, perpendicularly to its axis, by a laser light beam. Part of the emitted photons were trapped into the capillary walls and waveguided to a photomultiplier placed at the one end of the capillary. The analytical characteristics of the assays of mesotrione, paraquat, diquat, and hexaconazole were as follows: detection limits of 0.04, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.10 ng/mL, respectively; dynamic ranges up to 9, 6, 12, and 15 ng/ mL, respectively, intra- and interassay CVs less than 10%. The analytical characteristics of the assays were comparable with those of the corresponding single-analyte fluoroimmunoassays performed in microtitration wells, proving the ability of the proposed immunosensor for reliable multianalyte determinations. Moreover, the combination of low-cost disposable plastic capillary tubes with the low consumption of reagents, the short assay time, and the multianalyte feature of the proposed immunosensor indicates its potential for environmental analysis.