图形分布处理支撑环境DGPSE

本文详细介绍图形分布处理支撑环境ＤＧＰＳＥ的设计和实现技术．ＤＧＰＳＥ有效支持高性能分布式图形应用系统的开发和分布并行图形处理算法的研究．它具有以下特点：支持多种分布处理模型，通讯方式灵活，图形支撑功能强．使用ＤＧＰＳＥ已实现了一分布式图形应用系统和一组分布式图形算法．的设计和实现．南京大学计算机系硕士论文，１９９１．１３潘志庆，石教英．Ｆｒａｃｔａｌ生成的并行算法研究．全国第７届ＣＡＤ和图形学会议论文集，无锡，１９９２．１４石教英，劳志强，潘志庚．多面体扫描转换的分布并行算法．全国第７届ＣＡＤ和图形学会议论文集，无锡，１９９２．     

DGPSL：A DISTRIBUTED GRAPHICS LIBRARY

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A distributed graphics library system

We present a set of library routines that allow easily parallelized graphics rendering routines that require no communication between each parallel task, such as ray-tracing, to be run efficiently in an environment of distributed workstations. The presentation of the paper focuses on the problems encountered in implementing a distributed system under Unix and proposes solutions to each problem. Specifically, we discuss the challenges involved in overcoming the limits of communicating with a large number of processes in Unix and in providing fault tolerance when using sockets. Technical aspects of the implementation and some additional problems that were encountered are discussed. Finally, we compare the rendering times for a complex image with a renderer using the library and show that the library routines are able to exploit much of the existing parallelism. The library is presented using a graphics application, though the concepts are generic enough to be of use in designing any distributed system under Unix.     

The design and implementation of the GINO 3D graphics software package

The design and implementation of a general purpose graphics software package (GINO) is described. GINO provides facilities for 3D graphics (co-ordinate transformation, clipping, intensity modulation) but is organized so that 2D facilities form a clean subset. It is device independent, permitting use of refresh CRT displays, storage tube displays and plotters. A characteristic feature is the use of small satellite computers attached to a large multiaccess computer (ATLAS 2) GINO takes the form of a subroutine library accessible from FORTRAN and other languages, and the case for this level of graphics software is argued. The reasons for not using a mandatory graphical data structure are also discussed. GINO is not biased towards any particular style of interaction, but two techniques are described; one based on the light pen and the other on teletype command languages Efficiency of implementation is achieved without loss of flexibility by use of a systems programming language (SAL).     

CGLIB—a constraint‐based graphics library

CGLIB is a high‐level graphics library for B‐Prolog, a constraint logic programming system. The library provides primitives for creating and manipulating graphical objects and a set of constraints including not‐overlap, grid, table and tree constraints that facilitate the specification of the layouts of objects. The library adopts a construct called action rules which is available in B‐Prolog for creating agents and programming interactions among agents or between agents and the user. The library is a fully working system implemented in B‐Prolog, Java and C. It can be used in many areas such as drawing editors, interactive user interfaces, document authoring, animation, information visualization, intelligent agents and games. The high‐level abstraction of the library and the use of constraints and action rules in the specification of layouts and behaviors can significantly enhance the productivity of the development of graphics. We demonstrate through several examples the effectiveness of the library as a tool for developing graphics‐rich and interactive user interfaces. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Integrated Graphics Programming Environment

The facilities of the PS-algol programming language are described in this paper to show how they may be used to provide an integrated graphics programming environment. The persistent store mechanism and the secure transaction facilities of the language provide the basic environment in which an integrated system may be implemented. This is augmented by data types and operations to support line drawings and raster graphics. The combination of these mechanisms may be used to provide the integrated graphics programming environment.     

跨平台高质量二维图形库设计与实现

为使图形应用程序在具备高质量图形绘制能力的同时拥有在多种系统平台上运行的跨平台能力,提出并实现了一个在多种平台下接口统一、绘制快速、绘制效果优良的高质量二维图形库,以用于支撑当前跨平台图形应用系统的开发.首先根据电子地图绘制的具体需要,在分析多种现有图形库的优点与不足之后,从图形库外部接口设计到内部实现原理介绍如何构建一个具备跨平台能力的高质量二维图形库,最后通过与GDI、GDI+对比的方式对图形库绘制效果与效率进行验证.     

微机环境下基于PVM的网络并行程序开发方法

并行虚拟机ＰＶＭ是一种通用的网络并行程序开发环境,它可以把连网的巨型机,大规模并行机,工作站以及微机作为一大型并行机使用,供人们开发并行算法或运行并行系统。此文对ＰＶＭ的基本情况和最新进展进行介绍,讨论了基于ＰＶＭ的网络并行程序开发方法,最后给出了具体的实例。     

实时三维图形平台BH_GRAPH

BH_GRAPH是一个面向视景仿真类应用系统开发人员、支持实时三维图形开发与运行的基础软件平台．它提供可扩展的软件体系结构、标准化的场景管理机制、高效率的场景处理方法、方便易用的应用程序接口,为三维图形应用系统的快速开发、高效运行提供完整的技术支撑．BH_GRAPH主要由三维视景绘制引擎、三维对象建模工具、三维场景布置工具以及一系列关键技术构成．概要介绍了BH—GRAPH各主要组成部分的软件结构、基本功能和技术特点．     

Android 系统下基于NDK 方式的图形开发

Google提供了Android系统下基于C／C＋＋开发的NDK开发工具,通过使用这个工具可以嵌入C／C＋＋代码到Android应用程序中,即可以使用“Java＋C／C＋＋”的编程方式进行程序开发．基于这种开发模式,开发Android应用程序中的图形模块,通过在Nativec／C＋＋中调用两个图形引擎SkiaGL和OpenGLES的链接库,实现在应用程序中不使用AndroidSDK的图形模块API函数,同样能完成2D和3D的图形开发．     

Graphic design for computer graphics

Because computer graphics systems are capable of sophisticated displays of typography, symbols, color, spatial organization, and temporal sequencing, it is appropriate to seek principles for designing effective communication from the discipline of graphic design whose expertise lies in programming visible language. Examples of the author's work are cited to demonstrate how graphic design can improve three different types of computer graphics.     

Parallel computing in networks of workstations with Paralex

Modern distributed systems consisting of powerful workstations and high-speed interconnection networks are an economical alternative to special-purpose supercomputers. The technical issues that need to be addressed in exploiting the parallelism inherent in a distributed system include heterogeneity, high-latency communication, fault tolerance and dynamic load balancing. Current software systems for parallel programming provide little or no automatic support towards these issues and require users to be experts in fault-tolerant distributed computing. The Paralex system is aimed at exploring the extent to which the parallel application programmer can be liberated from the complexities of distributed systems. Paralex is a complete programming environment and makes extensive use of graphics to define, edit, execute, and debug parallel scientific applications. All of the necessary code for distributing the computation across a network and replicating it to achieve fault tolerance and dynamic load balancing is automatically generated by the system. In this paper we give an overview of Paralex and present our experiences with a prototype implementation     

The Lynx distributed programming language: Motivation, design and experience

A programming language can provide much better support for interprocess communication than a library package can. Most message-passing languages limit this support to communication between the pieces of a single program, but this need not be the case. Lynx facilitates convenient, typesafe message passing not only within applications, but also between applications and among distributed collections of servers. Specifically, it addresses issues of compiler statelessness, late binding, and protection that allow run-time interaction between processes that were developed independently and that do not trust each other. Implementation experience with Lynx has yielded important insights into the relationship between distributed operating systems and language run-time support packages and into the inherent costs of high-level message-passing semantics.     

ADA† and NIL: Two Concurrent Languages for GKS

The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) has become an international standard in graphics programming and attempts are now being made to integrate it with multiprocessing, possibly in distributed systems. It is therefore necessary to consider new programming languages able to support distributed implementations of GKS. Among them, Ada and Nil are considered here, since they are particularly suitable for concurrent programming. They are compared and evaluated in those specific tools which may provide data safety, system reconfigurability, and availability to distributed programming. The structural philosophies of the two languages are emphasized and reconfigurable implementation schemata for GKS in both of them are then suggested.     

Adding graphics to a high-level programming language

When graphics input/output capabilities are added to a programming language originally designed with a text stream input/output model, various design decisions affect the ease with which the graphics facilities are learned and used by applications programmers. In adding window system facilities to the Icon programming language, some design decisions were made very differently from the conventional wisdom, resulting in substantial benefits for programmers. In addition, some pre-existing Icon language features have proved to be useful in graphics programming.     

移动设备图形技术的研究进展

移动设备图形技术是嵌入式系统、计算机图形学和移动通信等学科交叉后形成的新研究方向,对移动设备图形技术研究的特点进行了总结,将研究内容划分为平台、绘制和网络3个层次,并归纳了移动设备图形研究的关键技术;然后分层次介绍了该技术的国内外研究现状,展示了移动设备图形的典型应用,并分析了其中的主要技术;最后对该技术进行总结和展望,指出了目前研究中存在的问题和未来的研究方向.     

Locality-aware parallel block-sparse matrix-matrix multiplication using the Chunks and Tasks programming model

We present a method for parallel block-sparse matrix-matrix multiplication on distributed memory clusters. By using a quadtree matrix representation, data locality is exploited without prior information about the matrix sparsity pattern. A distributed quadtree matrix representation is straightforward to implement due to our recent development of the Chunks and Tasks programming model [Parallel Comput. 40, 328 (2014)]. The quadtree representation combined with the Chunks and Tasks model leads to favorable weak and strong scaling of the communication cost with the number of processes, as shown both theoretically and in numerical experiments.Matrices are represented by sparse quadtrees of chunk objects. The leaves in the hierarchy are block-sparse submatrices. Sparsity is dynamically detected by the matrix library and may occur at any level in the hierarchy and/or within the submatrix leaves. In case graphics processing units (GPUs) are available, both CPUs and GPUs are used for leaf-level multiplication work, thus making use of the full computing capacity of each node.The performance is evaluated for matrices with different sparsity structures, including examples from electronic structure calculations. Compared to methods that do not exploit data locality, our locality-aware approach reduces communication significantly, achieving essentially constant communication per node in weak scaling tests.     

土木工程制图作业批改系统的研究与实现

为了解决目前高校土木工程制图教学中,教师无法逐一批改学生作业的问题,该 文在独立研发的矢量图形平台ATVGP 的基础上,探讨了矢量图形的识别与作业批改系统的实 现方案,并提出了一种曲线识别思路。最后在VC++环境下编程,实现了土木工程制图作业的 自动批改功能。