高温除尘用金属纤维滤料的性能研究

为了解高温除尘用金属纤维滤料的过滤性能,采用对比试验的方式,对金属纤维滤料、普通针刺毡滤料和聚四氟乙烯(poly tetra fluoro ethylene, PTFE)覆膜滤料进行过滤性能试验,结果发现：老化试验前,金属纤维滤料排放浓度较高,老化试验后,排放浓度低于0.1 mg/m³;清灰周期长,清灰周期约为普通针刺毡的2倍,与针刺毡覆膜滤料基本一致;残余阻力约在350 Pa左右,与普通针刺毡、PTFE覆膜滤料基本一致。金属纤维滤料作为新型滤材,过滤性能良好,完全能满足高温除尘的性能需求。     

高温废水的回收——采用陶瓷膜经济合理地处理大量废水

在极端苛刻的使用条件下．Al2O3陶瓷膜作为操作运行稳定可靠的过滤元件，被验证具备抗腐蚀、耐高温及机械强度高等其它材质难以达到的特性。因此当有机膜的性能不能满足苛刻的使用要求时．人们便采用陶瓷膜。以下是采用陶瓷膜过滤高温液体的应用实例。[编者按]     

高温烟尘陶瓷纤维过滤技术特性及其应用评述

在综述国外用于高温烟尘净化的几种主要陶瓷纤维滤料和高温陶瓷过滤器结构性能及其发展现状基础上,提出了比表面积大、净化效率高、过滤阻力低、初始投资低和运行较可靠的蜂窝覆膜陶瓷过滤器的选型择优建议;通过对陶瓷过滤器的应用评述,并结合我国对节能减排的客观需要,说明了在我国尽快发展用于高温烟尘净化的陶瓷纤维过滤技术的必要性。     

具有良好综合性能的DD2的单晶高温合金

ＤＤ２单晶高温合金是具有良好综合性能的第一代单晶高温合金。该合金具有高的抗氧化性能、瞬时拉伸及持久性能，尤其是在８５０℃和９００℃下经过１０００－３０００ｈ长期时效后，无任何ＴＣＰ相产生，仍能保持良好的高温持性能。     

纳米光催化材料在空气过滤材料中应用的实验研究

纳米光催化材料是一种对化学反应具有较高活性和高选择性的催化剂。本文针对不同空气过滤材料的不同要求,利用纳米光催化材料对空气过滤材料进行了一系列改性整理实验,通过对整理前后空气过滤材料性能测试研究,分析空气过滤材料的拒水、拒油及净化有害气体性能在整理前后的性能变化情况,验证纳米光催化材料应用在空气过滤材料的可行性。     

FCC/L1_2共格高熵高温合金的研究进展

高温合金是航空航天、能源等领域的高端装备核心热部件的关键材料。多年来,研究人员通过微合金化和先进制造工艺等方法,不断提升传统高温合金的性能,但由于受到合金主元的熔点限制,当前先进高温合金的性能已接近其极限。自2004年以来,高熵合金作为一种新型的合金体系表现出优异的综合性能,得到了广泛关注。高熵合金包含多种主元,在性能上的鸡尾酒效应可以融合各个主元的特点,突破了单一主元对合金性能的限制。随着对材料性能需求的不断提高,高熵合金也不仅限于单相固溶体,近年来也开发了大量第二相强化的高熵合金。其中,高熵高温合金结合了高熵合金多主元设计思想和传统高温合金共格析出的结构特点,表现出稳定的FCC/L12相结构和优异的高温性能,为新型高温结构材料的开发提供了希望。然而,高熵高温合金的相形成规律缺乏可靠的理论,强化和变形机理缺乏系统研究。此外,高温材料在环境中的表面稳定性是在工程应用中衡量材料性能的重要指标,而相关研究较少。近年来,研究人员基于已有的合金设计经验和计算机模拟方法,开发了一系列高熵高温合金,通过添加多种合金化元素不断提高材料的高温性能,研究了L12相的析出形貌和热稳定性、FCC/L12间的晶格错配度等对高温强度、蠕变性能的影响,并且对一些综合性能优异的高熵高温合金进行了高温氧化和热腐蚀测试,推进了高温高熵合金的工业化应用。本文归纳了高熵高温合金的研究进展,分别对相形成规律、力学性能、高温氧化和热腐蚀等进行了简单介绍,分析了变形机制、氧化和热腐蚀机理,指明了未来高熵高温合金的发展方向,以期为高熵高温合金的研发和工程应用提供一定的参考。     

高性能聚苯硫醚过滤材料研究进展

聚苯硫醚(PPS)过滤材料具有耐热、耐酸碱、对恶劣环境适应性强等特点,广泛应用于高温除尘及热化学品过滤,但其纤维韧性差、高含氧量环境下易氧化的缺点缩短了滤材的使用寿命。研发高性能PSS过滤材料可以降低过滤过程的费用,扩大其适用范围。从提高过滤材料捕集效率、提高材料强度、延长过滤材料使用寿命的角度,介绍了高性能PPS过滤材料的制备方法及研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

静电纺PAN/PVP亲水纳米纤维膜的制备及其空气过滤性能研究

相较于传统纤维材料，纳米纤维膜因其高比表面积和超细孔隙率更适合用作空气过滤材料，此外传统的聚丙烯(PP)过滤材料亲水性差，水汽易聚集从而降低其过滤性能；针对传统空气过滤材料亲水性差的问题，基于静电纺丝的方法，以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和强亲水性的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为纺丝原料，制备了PAN/PVP纳米纤维膜，探讨了亲水材料PVP对其纳米纤维膜亲水和过滤性能的影响。采用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜表征了纳米纤维膜的结构，由于亲水性材料PVP的引入，纺丝时纤维中静电导通性好，纺丝液能很好地被拉伸，使纤维直径变小，PVP添加质量为30%时纳米纤维膜的平均直径最小为358.12nm;此外，PVP的引入提高了纳米纤维膜的亲水性能，PVP添加质量为40%时其静态接触角为(11.5±2.5)°;但纳米过滤膜亲水性的增加会影响其过滤效率，PVP添加质量为10%时纳米纤维膜的过滤效率最高为83.4%±3.6%,纤维膜克重为1.17g/m²时品质因子最高为0.10Pa^-1,纳米纤维膜具有优异的循环稳定性，300min内过滤稳定性好且过滤压力较低，可应用于对循环过滤性能...     

偏压梯度TiAlN涂层高温氧化与抗高温粒子冲蚀性能

采用连续偏压的沉积工艺与磁过滤阴极真空弧技术在TC4钛合金表面成功制备偏压梯度TiAlN涂层，对涂层的高温氧化性能与抗高温粒子冲蚀性能分别进行了考核，并对考核前后涂层的表面形貌、成分、相结构变化，以及冲蚀损伤特征进行了测试与表征。结果表明，400℃高温氧化后偏压梯度TiAlN涂层表面颜色加深，且保持完整平滑，无明显损伤；偏压涂层表面氧原子分数为20.9%,质量增加为0.81μg/mm²,偏压涂层结构更加致密，抑制氧元素向内扩展，抗氧化性能较bias-50 TiAlN涂层更佳。400℃下高温粒子冲蚀条件下，偏压梯度TiAlN涂层在30°与90°冲蚀角度下的冲蚀率分别为0.26 mg/g、0.24 mg/g,低于bias-50 TiAlN涂层，表现出更加优异的抗高温粒子冲蚀性能；在400℃条件下，钛合金基体与TiAlN涂层未发生明显的氧化损伤，高温粒子冲蚀损伤均为冲蚀主导机制。     

高温气体过滤除尘材料的研究进展

高温介质过滤除尘技术的关键是高温过滤材料,本文主要介绍了金属多孔材料和陶瓷多孔材料以及新型过滤材料各自的特点和最新研究进展,其中金属陶瓷复合膜等新型多孔材料因克服了陶瓷材料密封性、抗热震性差以及金属材料制备困难、稳定性差等缺点,成为高温气体除尘材料研究者关注的焦点。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...