Nearest and reverse nearest neighbor queries for moving objects

With the continued proliferation of wireless communications and advances in positioning technologies, algorithms for efficiently answering queries about large populations of moving objects are gaining interest. This paper proposes algorithms for k nearest and reverse k nearest neighbor queries on the current and anticipated future positions of points moving continuously in the plane. The former type of query returns k objects nearest to a query object for each time point during a time interval, while the latter returns the objects that have a specified query object as one of their k closest neighbors, again for each time point during a time interval. In addition, algorithms for so-called persistent and continuous variants of these queries are provided. The algorithms are based on the indexing of object positions represented as linear functions of time. The results of empirical performance experiments are reported.     

支持k近邻查询的X*树索引结构

通过分析已有的索引结构在进行k近邻查询时效率上的不足,提出了适合进行k近邻查询的X*树索引结构,采用了新的结点分裂算法,同时不需要额外存储结点分裂的历史信息。实验结果表明它比X树的时间和空间性能更好,更适合k近邻查询的应用。     

Continuous visible k nearest neighbor query on moving objects

A visible k nearest neighbor (Vk NN) query retrieves k objects that are visible and nearest to the query object, where “visible” means that there is no obstacle between an object and the query object. Existing studies on the Vk NN query have focused on static data objects. In this paper we investigate how to process the query on moving objects continuously. We propose an effective filtering-and-refinement framework for evaluating this type of queries. We exploit spatial proximity and visibility properties between the query object and data objects to prune search space under this framework. A detailed cost analysis and a comprehensive experimental study are conducted on the proposed framework. The results validate the effectiveness of the pruning techniques and verify the efficiency of the proposed framework. The proposed framework outperforms a straightforward solution by an order of magnitude in terms of both communication and computation costs.     

基于动态创建局部Voronoi图的连续近邻查询

在充分认识到k阶Voronoi图在解决连续k个近邻查询优越性和现实不可行性的基础上,用分支限界的思想去界定预创建Voronoi图生成点范围的上界,提出了一种动态地创建局部Voronoi图的办法解决连续近邻查询问题。该方法只是在给定查询段上所有点的k个近邻范围上界内创建一个局部的k阶Voronoi图,这样大大降低了基于Voronoi图的连续k近邻查询的代价。     

支持动态负载的移动对象最近邻查询算法

提出一种基于双层网格索引的移动对象KNN查询算法,解决由移动对象速度变化引起的动态负载问题。算法采用粗细双层网格将不同速度的移动对象分开索引,在粗网格中索引运动速度快的对象,在细网格中索引运动速度慢的对象,减小了网格索引的维护代价,提高了KNN查询效率。针对真实数据集实验结果表明,与传统算法相比,该算法能更有效地解决动态负载问题。     

移动对象的动态反向k最近邻研究

反向最近邻查询是空间数据库中最重要的算法之一。传统的反向最近邻查询方法主要是针对静态对象的查询,随着无线通讯和定位技术的快速发展,移动对象发出的查询请求成为新的研究热点。该文将TPR-tree作为算法的索引结构,并提出了基于矩形框的对角线的修剪策略,将半平面修剪策略进行改进,给出了移动对象的动态反向k最近邻的查询方案。     

可伸缩的道路网络多连续k近邻查询处理

针对基于道路网络的多用户连续k近邻查询处理,提出了一种可伸缩的多用户连续查询处理(scalable processing of multiple continuous queries,SPMCQ)框架.SPMCQ框架采用流水线处理策略,将连续k近邻查询执行分解为可同时作业的预处理、查询执行和结果分发3个阶段,利用多线程技术提高查询处理的并行性.基于SPMCO框架,分别利用基于内存的哈希表和线性链表结构对移动对象位置和道路网络有向图模型进行存储和管理,提出了多连续k近邻查询处理SCkNN算法.实验结果表明,在处理多用户连续k近邻查询时,该算法性能优于目前的道路网络连续k近邻查询处理算法.     

Efficient processing of probabilistic reverse nearest neighbor queries over uncertain data

Reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) search is very crucial in many real applications. In particular, given a database and a query object, an RNN query retrieves all the data objects in the database that have the query object as their nearest neighbors. Often, due to limitation of measurement devices, environmental disturbance, or characteristics of applications (for example, monitoring moving objects), data obtained from the real world are uncertain (imprecise). Therefore, previous approaches proposed for answering an RNN query over exact (precise) database cannot be directly applied to the uncertain scenario. In this paper, we re-define the RNN query in the context of uncertain databases, namely probabilistic reverse nearest neighbor (PRNN) query, which obtains data objects with probabilities of being RNNs greater than or equal to a user-specified threshold. Since the retrieval of a PRNN query requires accessing all the objects in the database, which is quite costly, we also propose an effective pruning method, called geometric pruning (GP), that significantly reduces the PRNN search space yet without introducing any false dismissals. Furthermore, we present an efficient PRNN query procedure that seamlessly integrates our pruning method. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed GP-based PRNN query processing approach, under various experimental settings.     

基于四叉树结构的加权Voronoi图生成算法

针对普通Voronoi图研究的局限性和加权Voronoi算法的低效率问题,提出基于四叉树结构的加权Voronoi图生成方法。核心思想是利用四叉树结构的层次性,获取未膨胀节点的搜索区域和相关生长源,以时间消耗值替代加权距离,并以节点的最短时间消耗值为依据查找归属生长源。推理了基于四叉树结构计算模型的几个基本性质。实验结果表明,本方法能实现生长源的快速膨胀,有效降低时间复杂度,其时间复杂度小于均匀格网结构,可操作性强,具有较好的实用价值。     

Protecting privacy for distance and rank based group nearest neighbor queries

World Wide Web - This paper proposes a novel approach to safeguarding location privacy for GNN (group nearest neighbor) queries. Given the locations of a group of dispersed users, the GNN query...     

Efficient moving <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis> nearest neighbor queries over line segment objects

The growing need for location based services motivates the moving k nearest neighbor query (MkNN), which requires to find the k nearest neighbors of a moving query point continuously. In most existing solutions, data objects are abstracted as points. However, lots of real-world data objects, such as roads, rivers or pipelines, should be reasonably modeled as line segments or polyline segments. In this paper, we present LV*-Diagram to handle MkNN queries over line segment data objects. LV*-Diagram dynamically constructs a safe region. The query results remain unchanged if the query point is in the safe region, and hence, the computation cost of the server is greatly reduced. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms the baseline method w.r.t. CPU load, I/O, and communication costs.     

An efficient k nearest neighbor search for multivariate time series

Multivariate time series (MTS) datasets are common in various multimedia, medical and financial applications. In order to efficiently perform k nearest neighbor searches for MTS datasets, we present a similarity measure, Eros (extended Frobenius norm), an index structure, Muse (multilevel distance-based index structure for Eros), and a feature subset selection technique, Ropes (recursive feature elimination on common principal components for Eros). Eros is based on principal component analysis, and computes the similarity between two MTS items by measuring how close the corresponding principal components are using the eigenvalues as weights. Muse constructs each level as a distance-based index structure without using the weights, up to z levels, which are combined at the query time with the weights. Ropes utilizes both the common principal components and the weights recursively in order to select a subset of features for Eros. The experimental results show the superiority of our techniques as compared to earlier approaches.     

Vague continuous K-nearest neighbor queries over moving objects with uncertain velocity in road networks

Recent research has focused on Continuous K Nearest Neighbor (CKNN) queries in road networks, where the queries and the data objects are moving. Most existing approaches assume the fixed velocity of moving objects. The release of fixed moving velocity makes the query process slowly due to the significant repetitive query cost. In this paper, we study CKNN queries over moving objects with uncertain velocity in road networks. A Distance Interval Model (DIM) is designed to calculate the minimal and maximal road network distances between moving objects and query point. Furthermore, we propose a novel Possibility-based Vague KNN (PVKNN) algorithm to process the query efficiently, which determines the CKNN query results with possibility within each division time subinterval of given time interval by applying the vague set theory. In the PVKNN algorithm, the query efficiency can be improved significantly with the pruning, distilling and possibility-ranking phases. With these phases, the objects candidates are scaled down and the given time interval is divided into subintervals to reduce the repetitive query cost. In addition, an index structure TPR^uv-Tree is designed to efficiently index moving objects with uncertain velocity in road network by involving edge connection and moving objects information. Experiments with simulation and comparison show that significant improvement in the performance of efficiency can be achieved with our proposed algorithms.     

An efficient secure k nearest neighbor classification protocol with high-dimensional features

k Nearest neighbor (kNN) classification algorithm is a prediction model which is widely used for real-life applications, such as healthcare, finance, computer vision, personalization recommendation and precision marketing. The arrival of data explosion era results in the significant increase of feature dimension, which also makes for the increase of privacy concern over the available samples and unlabeled data in the applications of machine learning. In this paper, we present a secure low communication overhead kNN classification protocol that is able to deal with high-dimensional features given in real numbers. First, to deal with feature values given in real numbers, we develop a specific data conversion algorithm, which is used in the chosen fully homomorphic scheme. This conversion algorithm is generic and applicable to other algorithms that need to handle real numbers using the fully homomorphic scheme. Second, we present a privacy-preserving euclidean distance protocol (PPEDP), which works with the Euclidean distance computation between two points given in real numbers in a high-dimensional space. Then, based on the novelty PPEDP and oblivious transfer, we propose a new classification approach, efficient secure kNN classification protocol, (ESkNN) with low communication overhead, which is appropriate for a sample set with high-dimensional features and real number feature values. Moreover, we implement ESkNN in C++. Experimental results show that ESkNN is several orders of magnitude faster in performance than existing works, and scales up to 18 000 feature dimension in a memory limited environment.     

Nearest neighbor queries with peer-to-peer data sharing in mobile environments

Nearest neighbor queries, such as determining the proximity of stationary objects (e.g., restaurants and gas stations) are an important class of inquiries for supporting location-based services. We present a novel approach to support nearest neighbor queries from mobile hosts by leveraging the sharing capabilities of wireless ad-hoc networks. We illustrate how previous query results cached in the local storage of neighboring mobile users can be leveraged to either fully or partially compute and verify nearest neighbor queries at a local host. The feasibility and appeal of our technique is illustrated through extensive simulation results that indicate a considerable reduction of the query load on the remote database. Furthermore, the scalability of our approach is excellent because a higher density of mobile hosts increases its effectiveness.     

求k邻域的体素栅格算法研究

给定一个度量空间中的一组数据点集,k邻域问题在于对于某个数据点求出按照该空间的距离度量离数据点最近的k个数据样本。目前主要有2种方法,一种是基于立方体分割形成的三维立方体体素索引数组的体素栅格（CG（Cell Grid）方法,另一种方法是基于树索引结构的方法如kd-Tree等。论文主要研究经典CG方法及解决其内存消耗过多问题的两个改进方法：排序体素栅格（SCG）方法和投影体素栅格（PCG）方法。CG、SCG、PCG算法采用了改进的搜索方法,避免了传统CG算法[2-4]可能得到错误k邻域的问题。对三种算法的时空性能进行了分析比较,给出了相应的实验比较数据。     

空间对象的反最近邻查询处理技术研究

空间数据库中反最近邻查询的研究是空间查询的研究热点。在对现有的反最近邻查询技术进行分析比较的基础上,针对提高动态数据集的查询效率问题,给出了基于R树索引结构的反最近邻查询方案。通过实验结果的分析比较,可以看出该方案能够有效地解决动态数据集的查询问题。     

基于分层采样的集成k近邻说话人识别算法

k近邻学习器将复杂的全局非线性关系映射为大量局部线性关系的组合,具有易解释、易扩展、抗噪能力强等优点,被广泛应用于说话人识别领域并取得了良好的效果。而集成学习算法因其强泛化能力和易于应用的特性得到了许多领域研究者的关注,但是研究表明通过重采样产生训练集差异的集成算法并不能有效地提高k近邻学习器系统的泛化能力。提出了一种新的BagWithProb采样算法产生训练集。实验表明,该算法可以有效地扩展训练集差异,提高集成系统性能。此外,还提出了基于环域分层采样的算法以加快k近邻识别算法在识别阶段的运算速度。     

移动对象反向最近邻查询处理技术研究进展

随着移动通信技术的快速发展和个人移动通信终端功能的不断完善,移动计算技术有了更加广阔的应用背景,尤其是移动对象的反向最近邻查询处理技术得到了研究人员的广泛关注。对近几年提出的移动对象反向最近邻查询方法进行了研究,根据其查询处理过程,将反向最近邻查询方法分为基于预处理的方法和基于空间修剪的方法;总结了近年来提出的有效解决方法和研究进展,最后介绍了移动对象反向最近邻查询处理技术的最新发展趋势。     

A crowd enabled approach for processing nearest neighbor and range queries in incomplete databases with accuracy guarantee

With the proliferation of mobile devices and wireless technologies, location based services (LBSs) are becoming popular in smart cities. Two important classes of LBSs are Nearest Neighbor (NN) queries and range queries that provide user information about the locations of point of interests (POIs) such as hospitals or restaurants. Answers of these queries are more reliable and satisfiable if they come from trustworthy crowd instead of traditional location service providers (LSPs). We introduce an approach to evaluate NN and range queries with crowdsourced data and computation that eliminates the role of an LSP. In our crowdsourced approach, a user evaluates LBSs in a group. It may happen that group members do not have knowledge of all POIs in a certain area. We present efficient algorithms to evaluate queries with accuracy guarantee in incomplete databases. Experiments show that our approach is scalable and incurs less computational overhead.