ARCS-4程序系统临界物理模拟实验验证

SARCS-4程序系统是中国核动力研究设计院自主研发的新一代中子学程序包,需对程序展开工程验证,完善理论模型,提高计算精度。利用成熟燃料元件,设计并制造出与新型燃料组件结构相似的模拟组件。利用模拟组件构造了3种堆芯布置并进行模拟实验,验证SARCS-4程序系统的正确性和可靠性。按照单变量准则和多样化准则,考察控制棒、可燃毒物棒、围板和堆芯布置等因素。模拟实验临界棒位校核分析表明:堆芯泄漏、围板效应、控制棒和可燃毒物棒效应是影响校核精度的主要因素,SARCS-4计算程序系统对模拟实验的整体计算精度相对较高,特殊布置堆芯仍需进一步提高计算精度,后续将通过进一步的实验和研究开展持续验证和改进。      

SARCS-4程序系统临界物理模拟实验验证

SARCS-4程序系统是中国核动力研究设计院自主研发的新一代中子学程序包,需对程序展开工程验证,完善理论模型,提高计算精度。利用成熟燃料元件,设计并制造出与新型燃料组件结构相似的模拟组件。利用模拟组件构造了3种堆芯布置并进行模拟实验,验证SARCS-4程序系统的正确性和可靠性。按照单变量准则和多样化准则,考察控制棒、可燃毒物棒、围板和堆芯布置等因素。模拟实验临界棒位校核分析表明:堆芯泄漏、围板效应、控制棒和可燃毒物棒效应是影响校核精度的主要因素,SARCS-4计算程序系统对模拟实验的整体计算精度相对较高,特殊布置堆芯仍需进一步提高计算精度,后续将通过进一步的实验和研究开展持续验证和改进。     

原型微堆低浓化初步研究

利用蒙特卡罗计算程序,对高浓铀为燃料的原型微堆的有效增殖因数、控制棒价值、上铍反射层价值以及辐照座内的中子注量率等参数进行了计算。将计算值与实验结果进行了比较,两者基本相符。在原型微堆堆芯尺寸保持不变的情况下,将堆芯燃料元件芯体用富集度为12.5%UO₂替换UAl和用锆包壳替换铝包壳,对堆芯燃料低浓化方案进行了计算,给出了方案的计算结果。并利用RELAP5程序计算了原型微堆低浓铀堆芯阶跃引入4.0 mk反应性情况下反应堆的相关参数。     

小型长寿命核能系统燃料物理性能的研究

本文在简要说明世界上小型长寿命核能系统研究现状的基础上,提出了使用钍-铀燃料和铅-铋冷却剂构造小型长寿命堆芯的设想,并为此进行了一系列燃料物理性能的研究.对于长寿命核能系统的堆芯物理设计,使反应性随燃耗变动最小非常重要,同时应该尽可能地提高堆芯的燃耗以满足长寿命运行的需求.本文使用MCNP和MCBurn程序详细计算分析了使用不同的初始驱动燃料、不同栅格、燃料成分和类型、富集度条件下,燃料栅元的燃耗反应性变化等性能,并对其进行了能谱、转换比、富集度变化等方面的分析,经过对比初步确定了使用钍-铀燃料构造长寿命堆芯的物理条件,并以此为起点构造出一个堆芯,计算给出了反应性空泡系数等安全参数.     

ERANOS程序用于CEFR堆芯物理特性的验证计算

ERANOS系统(欧洲反应堆分析优化系统)是欧洲和日本联合开发的快中子反应堆堆芯物理屏蔽计算软件系统,采用模块化设计,包含核截面库制作、中子学计算和燃耗计算等模块。该系统可进行反应堆中子学一维至三维的扩散、输运计算,可进行堆芯中子动态特性、燃料管理以及灵敏度分析等计算。本工作主要是进一步学习使用ERANOS程序系统,并针对CEFR堆芯物理特性进行了对比计算。主要计算内容包括:针对CEFR不同组件进行栅元计算,得到各种材料的少群截面数据;堆芯稳态物理特性参数和燃耗计算。对于CEFR堆芯物理参数,通过对比计算表明采用不同程…     

SONG—多功能栅格物理程序概述

面向下一代反应堆堆芯分析的多功能栅格物理程序(SONG)采用特征线方法(MOC)求解任意几何区域内的中子输运方程,可灵活模拟由棒状元件或板状元件组成的矩形栅格或六角栅格的两维燃料组件模型或两维堆芯模型。程序采用指数矩阵方法求解拓展的裂变产物链和全锕系嬗变链,以满足超长寿期、超深燃耗的钍铀燃料循环或铀钚燃料循环计算的功能需求。相关验证计算结果表明SONG程序满足预期要求。     

堆芯物理-热工水力分析软件DCNMC开发与初步验证

针对特定类型核动力反应堆的特点,以DRAGON程序为反应堆组件均匀化参数计算内核,以CITATION程序、NGFM程序、MCNP程序为堆芯物理计算内核、以COBRA程序为堆芯热工水力计算内核,以自主开发的组件少群均匀化参数加工处理程序DOCS和反应堆-物理热工计算主程序DCNMC为接口程序和计算内核管理程序,开发形成一套具有较好通用性的特定类型反应堆堆芯物理-热工计算分析软件,并以特定反应堆为对象,完成计算模型开发、初步验证与校正。结果表明:该程序包可用于某特定堆堆芯物理-热工计算分析,精度满足要求。     

压水堆燃料辐照性能多物理耦合并行分析程序开发

核燃料元件是反应堆的核心部件,其性能影响反应堆的安全性与经济性,利用燃料元件性能分析程序开展燃料堆内稳态辐照性能分析对于燃料设计及安全评价具有重要意义。通过开发燃料温度分布、变形计算、裂变气体释放及内压等模型,结合燃料元件热工-力学多物理耦合计算分析耦合方案,基于先进并行计算方法构建了高性能并行化燃料性能分析程序Athena。利用典型商用压水堆核电站数据及同类程序计算结果进行了程序初步验证,结果表明Athena程序计算结果合理可靠。通过定义堆芯功率及热工水力边界条件,程序能够并行开展压水堆全堆芯燃料辐照性能分析,提高燃料辐照性能分析效率,是数值反应堆原型系统（CVR1.0）的重要组成。     

核热推进系统氢气物性及流动换热模型分析

为开展关于核热推进反应堆堆芯的稳态热工水力计算,基于现有针对压水堆的系统分析程序,添加了氢气的物性模型及流动换热和摩擦阻力关系式,并采用公开文献中的数据进行验证。结果表明采用上述模型计算得到的结果与参考值符合较好,二次开发的程序适用于氢气的流动换热计算。针对一种折流式核热推进反应堆堆芯,使用该系统程序建模并计算,得到了堆芯的流量、焓升等分布情况。研究结果表明,对于折流式核热推进反应堆,内外堆芯燃料元件之间的导热会增强堆芯释热不均,对堆芯的稳态热工水力特性有较大影响,堆芯物理方案的设计应结合热工水力方面的计算。本研究可为核热推进系统内氢气流动换热计算提供借鉴。     

核热推进系统氢气物性及流动换热模型分析

为开展关于核热推进反应堆堆芯的稳态热工水力计算,基于现有针对压水堆的系统分析程序,添加了氢气的物性模型及流动换热和摩擦阻力关系式,并采用公开文献中的数据进行验证。结果表明采用上述模型计算得到的结果与参考值符合较好,二次开发的程序适用于氢气的流动换热计算。针对一种折流式核热推进反应堆堆芯,使用该系统程序建模并计算,得到了堆芯的流量、焓升等分布情况。研究结果表明,对于折流式核热推进反应堆,内外堆芯燃料元件之间的导热会增强堆芯释热不均,对堆芯的稳态热工水力特性有较大影响,堆芯物理方案的设计应结合热工水力方面的计算。本研究可为核热推进系统内氢气流动换热计算提供借鉴。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.