芝麻种质资源芝麻素、蛋白质、脂肪含量变异及其相关分析

对我国209份芝麻种质资源的芝麻素、脂肪和蛋白质含量进行了分析,结果表明:芝麻素含量变异幅度为1.32～5.00 mg/g,平均为3.59 mg/g,变异系数和多样性指数最大,分别为16.75％和2.11;脂肪含量变异幅度为42.02％ ～55.47％,平均为51.68％,变异系数为3.85％,多样性指数为2.01;蛋白质含量变异幅度为17.83％ ～25.76％,平均为21.27％,变异系数为4.89％,多样性指数为1.91.芝麻素与脂肪含量呈显著正相关,脂肪与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关,但芝麻素与蛋白质含量相关不显著.脂肪含量随芝麻籽粒颜色的加深呈下降趋势,白色、黄色和褐色芝麻的脂肪含量极显著高于黑色芝麻(P＜0.01),而且白色芝麻极显著高于褐色芝麻(P＜0.01);蛋白质含量则随芝麻籽粒颜色的加深呈上升趋势,白色、黄色和褐色芝麻的蛋白质含量极显著低于黑色芝麻;但不同粒色芝麻间芝麻素含量差异不显著.     

芝麻核心种质芝麻素和芝麻酚林的关联分析

选用来源我国黄河流域至长江流域8省215份芝麻核心种质材料,对其种子中芝麻素（sesamin）和芝麻酚林（sesamolin）含量进行测定,芝麻素平均值5．24mg／g,变异范围为0．88～11．05mg／g,变异系数38．56％,芝麻酚林平均值3．30mg／g,变异范围为0．93—6．96mg／g,变异系数22．68％,二者均符合正态分布,且相关分析表明两者间呈极显著正相关;采用标记一性状关联分析法,进行芝麻素和芝麻酚林与SSR、SRAP、AFLP标记的关联分析。利用GLM模型共检测到33个标记与芝麻素和芝麻酚林极显著（P〈0．01）关联,同时与两种成分显著关联的有4个;利用MLM模型共检测到8个显著关联的标记,与两种成分显著关联的分别有4个;其中SSR标记SSll82-3在两种模型中同时极显著关联到芝麻素和芝麻酚林,且解释率较高。该研究将为芝麻功能性成分遗传改良和分子标记研究奠定重要基础。     

芝麻素的应用性能研究

采用滤纸片法和平板培养法研究了芝麻特征性成分芝麻素的抗菌活性，结果表明，芝麻素对细菌的抑(杀)作用显著，且对细菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC)为0．1％；在实验浓度范围内，芝麻素对真菌基本无抑制作用。另外以过氧化值(POV)为指标研究了芝麻素对大豆色拉油和花生油的抗氧化性能，结果表明，芝麻素具有良好的抗油脂氧化活性。ω(芝麻素)=0．04％在大豆色拉油中的抗氧化活性与ω(BHT)=0．02％相当。     

不同产地和品种芝麻营养成分差异分析

为分析不同产地和品种芝麻之间营养品质差异，以及营养品质之间的相关性，选取了山东省、河北省和湖南省200份芝麻样品，测定芝麻中脂肪、蛋白质、芝麻素和芝麻林素含量，并进行差异性和相关性分析。结果表明，不同芝麻品种之间蛋白质、脂肪、芝麻素和芝麻林素的平均含量分别为27.07%、52.27%、3.34 g/kg和1.48 g/kg。不同种皮颜色的芝麻营养品质略有差异，但差异不显著。山东省和河北省芝麻的蛋白质、脂肪含量显著高于湖南省芝麻(P<0.05)。河北省芝麻的芝麻素含量显著高于湖南省(P<0.05)，但山东省、湖南省之间差异不显著。3个省份之间的芝麻林素含量差异不显著。蛋白质与脂肪含量间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)，芝麻素与脂肪含量间呈显著正相关，相关系数为0.145(P<0.05)，这与之前的研究结果一致。芝麻素与芝麻林素含量间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。蛋白质、脂肪与芝麻林素之间相关性不显著。     

小芝麻大作用

芝麻的营养成分 别看芝麻虽小,却含有丰富的营养成分：每100克芝麻中含蛋白质21．9克、脂肪61．7克,其中不饱和脂肪酸高达8383％,人体必需的脂肪酸亚油酸含量也较高;芝麻的蛋白质中含有人体必需的氨基酸．比大豆和肉类的含量还丰富;还含有芝麻素、钙、磷、铁、维生素、花生酸、芝麻酚、油酸、卵磷脂等营养物质。芝麻在民间素有“食物中的宝物”之美称。     

日本育成改善肝功能高木聚糖芝麻

<正>日本作物育种研究室引进原产中国西双版纳的高含含量芝麻素与芝麻林素（均为脂溶性木聚糖）芝麻种H65与日本当地高产品种杂交,培育成功芝麻素含量提高2倍以上高木聚糖芝麻。该芝麻提高抗氧化效果,能有效改善肝     

不同产地黑芝麻及其油脂品质研究

选取7个产地的黑芝麻为原料，压榨制备黑芝麻油，分别对黑芝麻组成和黑芝麻油品质指标进行分析。结果表明：7种黑芝麻油均以油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主，且不饱和脂肪酸含量达到80%以上。7种黑芝麻油的总酚含量为2.31～7.35 mgGAE/g、芝麻素含量为3.05～10.75 mg/g、芝麻林素含量为2.14～5.30 mg/g。芝麻素、芝麻林素和总酚含量与DPPH·清除能力具有显著正相关性(P<0.05),芝麻林素和总酚含量对氧化诱导时间具有极显著正相关性(P<0.01)。7个产地的黑芝麻油中，产自多哥的黑芝麻油中功能性成分含量综合得分最高，有较强的抗氧化性和氧化稳定性。     

芝麻各成分相关性分析

以我国芝麻主产区46份样品为原料,研究芝麻各成分的含量及相关性规律,以及与种皮颜色的关系。结果表明:我国芝麻脂肪含量普遍较高,芝麻中芝麻木酚素(芝麻素、芝麻林素之和)、维生素E含量较高。脂肪含量与芝麻素含量极显著正相关,与蛋白质含量极显著负相关;芝麻素含量与芝麻林素含量极显著正相关,与含皮量极显著负相关,与维生素E含量无显著相关性;灰分含量与草酸含量极显著正相关。若以芝麻为原料制油,白芝麻因其脂肪、抗氧化物质含量高,草酸、灰分含量低而优于黑芝麻。     

不同品种类型芝麻品质性状的比较分析

为全面分析不同品种类型芝麻的品质性状及其与重要农艺性状间的关系,筛选294个代表性芝麻品种资源,通过多点种植和测定籽粒脂肪、蛋白质、芝麻素和芝麻林素含量,对不同品种类型芝麻的品质性状进行了差异比较,并对品质性状之间和品质性状与农艺性状的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,294个芝麻品种脂肪、蛋白质、芝麻素和芝麻林素平均含量分别为52.77%、20.41%、310 mg/g和1.92 mg/g。不同株型芝麻,单秆型品种脂肪、芝麻素含量极显著高于分枝型品种,蛋白质含量显著低于分枝型品种,芝麻林素含量差异不显著;不同叶腋花数芝麻,单花型品种脂肪、芝麻素含量极显著低于三花型品种,蛋白质含量极显著高于三花型品种,芝麻林素含量显著低于三花型品种。不同品种芝麻脂肪含量与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关,与芝麻素、芝麻林素含量呈极显著正相关;蛋白质含量与芝麻素、芝麻林素含量呈极显著负相关;芝麻素与芝麻林素含量呈极显著正相关;脂肪含量与生育期、籽粒颜色L*值、b*值呈极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒长度、宽度、长宽比和籽粒颜色a*值呈极显著负相关;蛋白质含量与千粒重、籽粒长度、籽粒宽度、籽粒长宽比呈极显著正相关,与生育期、籽粒颜色L*值及b*值呈极显著负相关,与籽粒颜色a*值相关性不显著;芝麻素含量与生育期呈显著正相关,与籽粒长宽比、籽粒颜色L*值及b*值呈极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒长度呈极显著负相关,与籽粒宽度、颜色a*值相关性不显著;芝麻林素含量与生育期、籽粒颜色a*值及b*值呈极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒长度、籽粒宽度呈极显著负相关,与籽粒长宽比、籽粒颜色L*值相关性不显著。     

正相高效液相色谱法同时测定芝麻油中生育酚、芝麻素及芝麻林素含量

建立了正相高效液相色谱法同时测定芝麻油中生育酚(α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育酚)、芝麻素及芝麻林素含量的方法。样品经正庚烷溶解后,在二醇基硅胶色谱柱上以四氢呋喃-正庚烷溶液洗脱、荧光检测器分析。结果表明:芝麻素及芝麻林素荧光特性良好,样品分析在20 min内完成;方法学评价结果显示生育酚在1.0~5.0μg/m L、芝麻素及芝麻林素在0.1~5.0μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R~2均大于0.99;生育酚、芝麻素以及芝麻林素的检出限为0.29~0.74 mg/kg,定量限为0.91~2.10 mg/kg;6种化合物加标回收率为83.47%~104.57%,相对标准偏差为0.38%~6.55%。采用该方法分析了12个芝麻香油、冷榨芝麻油、浸出成品芝麻油中生育酚、芝麻素以及芝麻林素含量,发现芝麻油中生育酚以γ型为主,芝麻素、芝麻林素含量较高。该方法简单、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于芝麻油中生育酚、芝麻素及芝麻林素含量的同时检测。     

APPLICATION OF SEMIPREPARATIVE RP-18 HPLC FOR THE PURIFICATION OF SESAMIN AND SESAMOLIN

A relatively simple chromatographic protocol was established to provide good separation of the unsaponifiable constituents from the seed oil of Sesamum indicum Linn. The protocol employs classical column chromatography using alumina and petroleum ether to collect furofuran lignans from sesame oil. Semipreparative RP-18 HPLC was used to separate the sesamin and sesamolin constituents in high purity (> 99%). The purity and identity of the separated compounds was confirmed by rechromatography using an analytical HPLC set up and GC-MS, respectively. The method described offers a means to isolate and collect sesamin and sesamolin in high purity for use as standards in furofuran lignan studies of sesame seed oil.     

Nutritional value of sesame seeds

Literature data on the nutritional value of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.), their use in feeding the world population and food production are presented. Sesame seeds contain up to 55% oil and 20% protein. Sesame proteins are limited by lysine but rich in tryptophan and methionine. Sesame oil is rich in linoleic and oleic acids, the predominance of gamma-tocopherol over the other isomers of vitamin E and high content of fat-soluble lignans (sesamin and sesamolin). Thanks to recent sesame oil has a phytoestrogen activity; it has a cholesterol-lowering effect.     

Variation of sesamin,sesamolin and tocopherols in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds and oil products in Thailand

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed and oil contain abundant lignans, including sesamin, sesamolin and lignan glycosides. The aim of the present study was to determine sesamin, sesamolin and tocopherol contents in sesame seed and oil available in Thailand. The results showed that there was a large variation of sesamin and sesamolin contents in products. The distribution plot of sesamin and sesamolin contents in seeds showed that the mean values of sesamin and sesamolin were 1.55 mg/g (SD = 1.63; range n.d.–7.23 mg/g) and 0.62 mg/g (SD = 0.48; range n.d.–2.25 mg/g), respectively. The range of total tocopherols of these sesame lines was 50.9–211 μg/g seed. In commercial sesame oils, the ranges of sesamin and sesamolin were 0.93–2.89 mg/g oil and 0.30–0.74 mg/g oil, respectively, and tocopherol contents were 304–647 μg/g oil. The study reveals the extensive variability in sesamin, sesamolin and tocopherol contents among sesame products.     

芝麻中木脂素的组成、结构及其生理功能

介绍了芝麻中木脂素类物质(lignans):芝麻素、芝麻林素、芝麻酚以及芝麻林素酚等生物活性物质的结构、含量以及其所具有的抗氧化、抗癌、保护肝脏、降低血浆中的胆固醇、调节脂质代谢等诸多生理功能特性.     

芝麻素在芝麻种子亚细胞结构中的分布

芝麻素等木脂素是芝麻种子中一种重要的天然抗氧化剂,具有多种生理活性功能。阐明芝麻素在芝麻种子亚细胞结构中的分布,对于芝麻深加工,尤其是芝麻素的提取和利用具有重要意义。芝麻素为脂溶性成分,故以芝麻脂质主要存在状态——油体作为主要研究对象。结果表明：芝麻中约95%的芝麻素和约95%的脂质分布在油体中,而其余部分则分布在内质网等膜结构中,显示了芝麻素和脂质之间有极规律的量化关系;碱洗对油体的芝麻素含量影响不大,而尿素则可一定程度溶出油体中的芝麻素;高速剪切可破坏油体微结构,导致芝麻素释放,而石磨制浆可极大程度保护油体微结构。     

Fat and fatty acids of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) in comparison to sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

The study was undertaken to compare fat and fatty acid profiles in white lupin (Lupinus albus ssp. albus) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), representing two different families, Fabaceae and Pedaliaceae. Fat levels were 10.74% and 55.44% in seeds of white lupin and sesame, respectively. The results indicated that oleic, linolenic and arachidic acids in seed fat were higher in white lupin than in sesame cultivars. Oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in white lupin, whereas linoleic acid was predominant in sesame. Fat content (%) was statistically significantly correlated with linoleic, linolenic and arachidic acids at the genotypic level. The fatty acid composition of white lupin is useful for human consumption. Although oil content of white lupin was lower than that of sesame, white sweet lupin could be improved.     

Effect of refining on the lignan content and oxidative stability of oil pressed from roasted sesame seed

Oxidative stability of pressed and refined sesame oils during seven consecutive months of storage at room temperature was studied comparatively. Lignans, peroxide value (PV), p‐anisidine value (AV) and total oxidation value (TOTOX) were determined as evaluation indices. PV, AV and TOTOX of sunflower, corn and peanut oils were simultaneously monitored to compare their oxidative storage stabilities with the sesame oils. The total amount of lignans in the pressed and refined sesame oils were 1103 and 790 mg per 100 g respectively. The contents of sesamin and sesemolin in the pressed sesame oil were 734 and 369 mg per 100 g respectively. Sesamin and sesamolin content were reduced by 256 and 159 mg per 100 g, respectively, after refining. Nearly 40% of the sesamin epimerised to asarinin after oil refining. The results indicate that sesame oils pressed from roasted seed have far superior storage stability to oxidation than the other vegetable oils. This difference may be due to much higher sesamin and sesamolin contents in the pressed sesame oils. The results suggest lignan compositions and levels could be used as key indicators for evaluating the oxidative storage stability of sesame oil products as well as to differentiate between pressed and refined sesame oils.     

超声波辅助-HPLC测定芝麻油中木脂素含量

以超临界CO2流体萃取的芝麻油为原料,采用超声波辅助甲醇萃取法对芝麻油进行前处理,并通过高效液相色谱法测定芝麻油中木脂素含量。结果表明,芝麻素和芝麻林素色谱峰分离效果好,干扰峰少,芝麻素与芝麻林素平均加标回收率分别为99.3%、96.2%,相对标准偏差分别为0.87%、1.71%。与皂化法前处理方法相比,此方法的前处理简便快速、结果准确、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于芝麻油中芝麻素和芝麻林素含量的测定。     

The relationship of antioxidant components and antioxidant activity of sesame seed oil

Although sesame seed oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and even a small amount of free fatty acids in its unrefined flavored form, it shows markedly greater stability than other dietary vegetable oils. The good stability of sesame seed oil against autoxidation has been ascribed not only to its inherent lignans and tocopherols but also to browning reaction products generated when sesame seeds are roasted. Also, there is a strong synergistic effect among these components. The lignans in sesame seed oil can be categorized into two types, i.e. inherent lignans (sesamin, sesamolin) and lignans mainly formed during the oil production process (sesamol, sesamolinol, etc.). The most abundant tocopherol in sesame seed oil is γ‐tocopherol. This article reviews the antioxidant activities of lignans and tocopherols as well as the browning reaction and its products in sesame seed and/or its oil. It is concluded that the composition and structure of browning reaction products and their impacts on sesame ingredients need to be further studied to better explain the remaining mysteries of sesame oil. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry