基于改进的脉冲电压注入永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测方法

由于永磁同步电机存在凸极性,定子电感随气隙磁场饱和程度的不同而变化,电感值中包含了转子位置信息。根据这个原理,研究了通过注入脉冲电压矢量来检测永磁同步电机转子初始位置的方法,分析了不同位置的电压矢量对电感饱和程度的影响,以及对转子位置估测精度的影响,得出了能获得最佳估测精度的优化电压矢量,并提出了改进的五电压矢量注入方式。根据转子所在区域选择优化的电压矢量进行二次计算,进一步提高了转子位置估算的精度。实验结果表明,该方法能够可靠而有效的检测出永磁同步电机的转子初始位置,而且实施简单、估测精度高。     

内置式永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测方法

针对无位置传感器内置式永磁同步电机的转子初始位置检测问题,提出一种基于旋转高频电压注入法和恒定磁场定位法的永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测方法。基于凸极跟踪的原理,通过注入旋转高频电压信号的方法获得估计转子位置,在此基础上,采用恒定磁场定位法对估计转子位置的磁极极性进行判断,实现对估计转子位置的极性校正,并且补偿估计转子位置的偏移误差,从而得到转子初始位置。在实验平台上进行了实验验证,实验结果表明文中提出的方法能够快速且准确地检测出转子初始位置,实现永磁同步电机无位置传感器可靠起动。     

永磁同步电动机DTC的初始转子位置估计方法

高性能的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制需要准确知道电机的初始转子位置,如果初始转子位置估计误差超过了30°电角度,会导致电机起动失败。在永磁同步电动机数学模型的基础上,利用注入高频信号的方法来实现对凸极式永磁同步电动机初始转子位置的准确估计。该方法通过向定子绕组注入高频电压信号,对产生的高频电流分量进行分析和处理,并加入电机的磁极检测,从而实现对永磁同步电动机转子初始位置的准确估计。仿真结果证明了该方法可以准确地估计出永磁同步电动机初始转子位置,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

改进的面贴式永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测

针对基于常规的高频注入法在检测永磁同步电机(PMSM)转子初始位置时,存在位置估算结果可能反向的问题,根据定子铁心的非线性磁化特性,提出了一种转子永磁体N/S极极性判定和转子初始位置检测的方法.通过对高频电流负序分量的分析,提取转子凸极位置信息,并利用旋转电流矢量幅值变化的情况,完成转子永磁体N/S极极性判定,解决了常规高频注入法存在的问题,准确检测出转子的初始位置.通过对一台面贴式PMSM的转子初始位置检测实验,验证了该方法的有效性.     

Rotor position estimation method of IPMSM using HF signal injection and sliding‐mode controller

This paper presents a simplified algorithm for the estimation of rotor position. A high‐frequency (HF) sinusoidal voltage is injected into the stator of a motor. An interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) has spatial saliency because the d‐ and q‐axis inductances are different from each other. The injected HF voltage is influenced by this saliency. Therefore, the rotor position is included in the stator current of the motor. The proposed method uses different synchronous reference frame transformations (SFTs) to extract the rotor position error between the estimated value and actual value. Also, a sliding‐mode controller is used for robustness against parameter variation and external disturbance. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method by showing waveforms of the rotor speed and position with load conditions. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

永磁同步电机初始磁极位置检测方法

根据永磁同步电机相电感的饱和效应,提出了一种恒压源作用下的相电流响应来获得电机初始磁极位置的检测方法,并针对制动器打开瞬间容易出现因磁极位置不准而造成无法定位的问题,对位能性负载提出了一种基于位置环的快速定位法。该方法根据电机实际转动的角度来反向移动给定电流矢量,实现快速定位。最后通过计算不同幅值电流矢量二次定位转过的角度来获得精确的磁极位置。所提方法能够准确获得电机初始磁极位置,可适用于不同类型的永磁电机。实验证明:该控制方法结构简单,易于数字控制实现,同时具有较强的通用性和鲁棒性。     

基于高频信号耦合注入的内置式永磁同步电机

内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)受转子凸极性的影响,绕组电感随转子磁极位置呈周期变化。考虑到上述特征,提出一种基于高频信号注入的IPMSM转子初始位置检测方法。将高频信号依次注入定子两相绕组,并提取定子绕组高频信号线电压,运算处理后获得没有考虑转子磁极极性的初始位置角。随后注入脉冲电压矢量进行转子极性判断,从而获得准确的初始位置角。理论分析和试验结果表明,该方法对电阻参数依赖较小,不受逆变器非线性和电流传感器检测精度的影响,能够准确检测转子初始位置角,满足IPMSM平稳起动的要求。     

基于无滤波器方波信号注入的永磁同步电机初始位置检测方法

针对无位置传感器内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)初始位置检测中,传统的基于凸极跟踪的短脉冲电压注入法难以确定脉冲宽度和幅值、实现困难、二次谐波分量法信噪比低的缺点,提出一种基于无滤波器方波信号注入的IPMSM初始位置检测方法。首先通过向观测的转子d轴注入高频方波电压信号,采用无滤波器载波信号分离方法解耦位置误差信息,通过位置跟踪器获取磁极位置初定值;然后基于磁饱和效应,通过施加方向相反的d轴电流偏置给定,比较d轴高频电流响应幅值大小实现磁极极性辨识;最后,通过2.2k W IPMSM矢量控制系统对提出的基于无滤波器方波信号注入的初始位置检测方法进行实验验证。结果表明,所提方法收敛速度较快,可在IPMSM转子静止或自由运行状态实现初始位置辨识和低速可靠运行,位置观测误差最大值为6.9°。     

Initial rotor position estimation of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine using carrier-frequency injection methods

This work presents a method using carrier-frequency injection to estimate the initial rotor position and magnetic polarity for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine. A nonsaturating inductance model of the machine provides no information about the polarity of the rotor magnet because the position observer based on this model is locally stable at both poles. To distinguish the polarity of the rotor magnet, the magnetic saturation effect can be used. The Taylor series can be used to describe the nonlinear magnetic saturation relationship between the current and the flux linkage in the d-axis rotor reference frame. The second-order term produces the second harmonic component of the carrier frequency, and the sign of its coefficient identifies the polarity of the rotor magnet being tracked. Both simulation and experimental results show good response of the position observer at several rotor electrical positions using either a rotating vector in the stationary reference frame or a oscillating vector in the estimated rotor reference frame.     

Initial rotor position estimation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using optimal voltage vector

The initial rotor position estimation is a serious problem affecting sensorless drives of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This paper presents an estimation method of initial rotor position for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. The principle of the estimation is based on the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of the stator core caused by the magnet of the rotor. The estimation is performed using the variation of the current response caused by the magnetic saturation when the voltage vector is applied to the motor. This method can be performed without motor parameters and any additional hardware. Decision method of the optimal voltage vector applied to the motor is also proposed to accurately implement the estimation. Experimental results show that the initial rotor position can be estimated without rotating the rotor by using the optimal voltage vector. It is found that the average of the estimation error is ±1.34 electrical degrees, and the estimation is completed within 15.2 ms in the test motor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(4): 69–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20062     

永磁同步电机转子初始位置的检测方法

针对永磁同步电机初始位置检测已有方法依赖电机参数,电流相位提取算法复杂,并在检测过程中会造成转子发生转动等问题,提出一种基于高频电压信号注入检测电机初始位置的方法.该方法通过对高频电压响应的电流进行解调、滤波和最小二乘拟合处理后,再计算出正弦化响应电流最大值时的相位,便得到获取转子初始位置信息,最后利用磁路饱和凸极效应,判定永磁体的极性.仿真及实验结果表明,该方法能准确检测出转子初始位置,不会使转子发生移动,也不需要知道电机的参数,硬件结构简单.位置检测的平均误差为3.33°,可满足永磁同步电机的平稳启动需求.     

Position and speed sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor with parameter identification

The model parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are required for high‐performance control and a model‐based sensorless control. This paper proposes a sensorless control system of PMSM that does not need parametric information beforehand. The parameters of a PMSM drive system, including the inverter, are identified at standstill and under operating conditions. At first, the initial rotor position is estimated by a signal injection sensorless scheme in which the machine parameters are not required. After the initial position has been estimated, the resistance, including the on resistance of the IGBT, the voltage error caused by dead time in the inverter, and d‐axis and q‐axis inductances, are identified at standstill. After the motor starts by the signal injection sensorless control, the sensorless scheme changes to an extended EMF estimation scheme. The estimated parameters for the resistance, and daxis and q‐axis inductances are used in such sensorless control. The magnet flux‐linkage, which cannot be estimated at standstill, is identified under the sensorless operation at medium and high speeds. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by several experimental results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(2): 68–76, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20548     

永磁同步电机转子初始位置角在线检测方法

针对现有永磁同步电机(PMSM)转子初始位置角辨识方法存在的缺点,研究PMSM数学模型,推导电机转子位置与电机绕组电感之间的数学关系。提出利用电机三相绕组静态电感值初步判断转子位置,并用变频器发送激励电压实现转子的极性判断,进而准确辨识出转子的初始位置角。检测过程中无需转子预定位,且电机转子处于机械锁定或自由停止状态下均可实现。试验结果证明所提方法检测精度高,能够满足PMSM矢量控制的需求,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

Control Method for Harmonic Voltage Injection to Achieve Noise Reduction in Position‐Sensorless Control of Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motors at Low Speeds

In this study, we examine the relationship between harmonic voltage injection, acoustic noise, and position estimation performance in a PMSM when a position‐sensorless control method involving harmonic voltage injection is used at low speeds. Further, we propose a novel control method for voltage injection; this method can be used to reduce acoustic noise in the motor. The proposed control method is verified by performing numerical simulations and carrying out experiments using a four‐pole, 2‐kW, 2100‐rpm IPMSM (interior permanent‐magnet synchronous motor). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(3): 49–56, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21246     

Position sensorless control of IPMSMs based on a novel flux model suitable for maximum torque control

In this paper, a novel position sensorless control method for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) that is based on a novel ?ux model suitable for maximum torque control has been proposed. Maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control is often utilized for driving IPMSMs with the maximum e?ciency. In order to implement this control, generally, the accurate motor parameters are required. However, the inductance varies dramatically because of magnetic saturation, which has been one of the most important problems in recent years. Therefore, the conventional MTPA control method fails to achieve maximum e?ciency for IPMSMs because of parameter mismatches. In this paper, ?rst, a novel ?ux model has been proposed for realizing the position sensorless control of IPMSMs, which is insensitive to L_q. In addition, in this paper it is shown that the proposed ?ux model can approximately estimate the maximum torque control (MTC) frame, which is a new coordinate aligned with the current vector for MTPA control. Next, in this paper, a precise estimation method for the MTC frame has been proposed. By this method, highly accurate maximum torque control can be achieved. A decoupling control algorithm based on the proposed model is also addressed in this paper. Finally, some experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and e?ectiveness of the proposed method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(3): 55–66, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22380     

Position Sensorless Control for IPMSM Based on Extended EMF and Voltage Injection Synchronized with Pulse‐Width Modulation Carrier

This paper presents a new position sensorless control system for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed method is based on the extended electromotive force (EMF) and voltage injection synchronized with a pulse‐width modulation carrier. The proposed method does not need to switch the estimation method by speed in order to estimate the magnetic pole position by extended EMF, even at low speeds. Further, the amplitude of the superimposing voltage is changed according to the extended EMF; the applied voltage is not saturated in the high‐load and high‐speed regions. The effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control system was verified experimentally.     

基于非线性拟合单位电流最优输出功率的永磁同步电机位置估计误差补偿策略

针对永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)参数变化影响转子位置估计精度问题,提出了一种基于单位电流最优功率输出的位置估计误差非线性补偿策略。首先,分析了电机参数误差特别是电感误差对位置估计精度的影响,建立了位置估计误差与单位电流输出功率的关联模型,推导出电感误差与最优输出功率的关系模型。然后,结合功率模型构建了基于多项式的电感误差非线性模型,利用少量测试点拟合该多项式模型,即可辨识电感误差用于准确补偿位置估计误差。所提方法实现简单,不依赖电机参数,能有效克服噪声干扰。最后,仿真与实验结果验证了提出补偿策略的有效性。     

考虑互感影响的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制技术

针对开关磁阻电机采用电流斩波控制(CCC)方式时相间互感对无位置传感器角度估算的影响,提出一种转子位置估算方法,该方法可以消除相间互感对位置估计的影响,并且无需测量相间互感大小。当电机在单相励磁区时,此时采用变系数电感模型方法进行角度估计;当电机在两相同时处于励磁区时,相间互感不为零,此时对导通相的磁链做差值运算以消除相间互感,最终通过实验对提出的转子位置估算方案进行验证。实验结果表明,与传统的忽略相间互感影响的转子位置估计方案相比,该方案能够消除互感对转子位置估计的影响,并且具有更高的估计精度,能够实现较大转速范围的无位置传感器稳定可靠运行。     

基于载波注入的IPMSM转子初始位置估计

采用载波注入方法估计内埋式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)转子的初始位置,并应用磁饱和效应鉴别转子的磁极极性.同时还讨论了应用旋转矢量、载波励磁和位置观测器来跟踪转子位置.仿真和实验结果证实了位置观测器的良好响应以及该方法的可行性.     

Basic Design Method for SPMSM Based on Air‐Gap Magnetic Flux Density Distribution Focusing on Image Magnetic Pole

This paper presents a basic design method for the surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) for both distributed and concentrated windings. The design is based on the air‐gap magnetic flux density distribution focusing on the image magnetic pole. The calculus equation of the air‐gap magnetic flux density distribution is analytically derived by supposing the magnetic pole is located on the magnet surface and image planes. In this study, a three‐phase and double‐layer stator winding SPMSM that has a linear demagnetizing characteristic magnet, such as a ferrite or rare‐earth magnet is considered. From the required specifications and design conditions, the design target values of the parameters that appear in the voltages equations of the d–q axis coordinate system are calculated. Then, the relational equations for the torque constant, d‐axis inductance, copper loss, and the maximum current density are presented as a function of three design parameters under i_d = 0 control. They are the stator stack length, the number of coil turns in series in a phase, and the slot bottom length. Hence, this approach reduces the SPMSM basic design to the problem with these design parameters has to be solved. The proposed method makes it possible to address the concentrated winding as a special case of the distributed winding. The FEA results confirm the validity of the proposed basic design method for both distributed and concentrated windings.