Generation of Electric and Magnetic Fields by Air, Surface, and Underground Explosions

Results of an experimental investigation of electric and magnetic fields generated by explosions of charges of a chemical high explosive in the frequency range of 0–10 kHz are presented. It is shown that the characteristics of signals of the electric and magnetic fields registered in explosions of highexplosive charges in air, on the ground surface, and in underground explosions are significantly different.     

压力变送器的测量不确定度分析

以压力变送器的测量不确定度评定为研究对象,论述了压力变送器的测量过程、方法、误差来源及其测量不确定度的分析.     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Benzene in Air Streams in an Optical Fiber Photoreactor

Photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous benzene at room temperature was studied with a differential‐type optical fiber reactor using TiO₂ as the photocatalyst. The effects of humidity, UV light intensity and benzene concentration on the performance of the reactor for benzene decomposition were investigated. It was observed that both the apparent quantum yields of benzene decomposition and CO₂ production were superior to the traditional photoreactor, especially under limited UV light supply. In addition, deactivation of the TiO₂ catalyst heavily relied on the humidity contained in the airflow. Purging with ozone‐containing air rapidly decomposed the organic residues adhering to the TiO₂ surface and regenerated the deactivated catalyst within 30 minutes.     

Full‐field Peak Pressure Prediction of Shock Waves from Underwater Explosion of Cylindrical Charges

Cylindrical charge is a main form in most application of explosives. By employing numerical calculation and an indirect mapping method, the relation between peak pressures from underwater explosion of cylindrical and spherical charges is investigated, and further a model to predict full‐field peak pressures by the former one is developed and then verified by experiments. Besides, a method to intuitively sketch the corresponding orientational performance is proposed and discussed. The results indicate the following: when R /R ₀ ranges from 12 to 100, the mapping relation is nearly dominated by the amplitude similarity constant K_p , and an approximate shifted sine relation between K_p /K ₀ and action angle exists; in cases that L /d is over 1.5, the prediction model shows a good agreement with experimental data, with most errors below 10% and it is also universally applicable for different explosives; the directivity of peak pressure distribution in underwater explosion is continuously improved along the increasing L /d but no significant influence appears after L /d becomes over 5.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的油藏物理模拟试验装置测控系统开发

采用美国NI的虚拟仪器技术设计开发了高温高压三维填砂物理模型试验装置的实时测控系统,选用LabVIEW8.6软件开发平台和PXI模块化硬件平台,实现了整个试验过程的自动化,实现了各种试验设备和仪器的自动控制,测量了试验过程中动态三维压力场、饱和度场及分相流量等参数。     

大气电场的几种测量方法

本文介绍了在不同的气象条件下,采用不同的方法对大气电场的测量。     

石油产品饱和蒸气压测定方法探讨

介绍了石油产品饱和蒸气压常用测定方法,给出了各种方法的适用范围及其傀缺点。特别分析了蒸气压的现代测量方法（三级膨胀法、色谱法）和我国炼油厂中常用的雷德法的特点,得出应大力发展现代蒸气压测量技术,探索这些现代分析仪器对特定样晶的适宜的操作条件。     

特高压天然气压缩因子的实验测定

针对海上和新疆油气藏压力高的特点,设计制造了一套特高压PVT实验装置,其最高工作压力为130MPa,最高工作温度为200℃。测定了3个气样,50～140℃,20～100MPa范围内的PVTZ值,共取得346个数据点,其中对比压力只大于15的数据为178个。     

Experimental Studies of the Effect of the Ground Atmospheric Layer and the Underlying Surface on the Amplitude of Weak Air Blast Waves from Ground Chemical Explosions

This paper reports results from experiments of the effect of the underlying surface, temperature stratification, and wind speed in the ground atmospheric layer on the amplitude of a weak air blast wave at large distances.     

Effect of Particle Shape on Inline Particle Size Measurement Techniques

The influence of the particle shape on the results of different measuring techniques was investigated. Considered were single‐frequency ultrasound technique, 3D optical reflectance measurement (advanced particle analyzing system with multi capture signal technology), and focused‐beam reflectance measurement probes as techniques which are usable inline and in suspension density ranges usually present in industrial crystallization processes. Advantages and shortcomings of these techniques are compared and discussed.     

Qualification of Image-Based Measurement Systems for Characterization of Sprays

Image-based measurement techniques become increasingly popular and expedite digitalization in chemical engineering. This article demonstrates their potential by testing two inline probes, namely modified optical multimode online probe (OMOP) and process microscope. Validations are performed with static monodisperse standards (9.2 µm to 406 µm) and fast-moving droplets (68.6 µm to 860.7 µm; 24.5 m s⁻¹ to 11 m s⁻¹). Screening of a lithography attests both probes great distortion-free image quality. A 1951 USAF chart attests a low optical resolution of 8 µm or 7 µm with respect to the OMOP or process microscope, respectively. The modified OMOP and process microscope reaches accuracies of 7.6 % or 5.9 % for particles and 8.2 % or 6.8 % for droplets.     

PVDF计在水中爆炸近场压力测试中的应用

为得到炸药水中爆炸冲击波在一定近场范围内的压力剖面曲线和峰值压力随传播距离的衰减规律,采用在炸药起爆轴线上布置4个PVDF计测量冲击波压力以及在相同实验情况下对炸药轴线上冲击波轨迹进行高速扫描的方法,研究了PVDF计测试近场压力的可行性.结果表明,PVDF计可以用于水中爆炸近场冲击波压力的测量,在量程允许范围内,能得到较准确的冲击波压力峰值;在冲击波强度小于4GPa的情况下,得到了冲击波的压力衰减历程,获得近场压力剖面曲线,对评估舰船抗爆性能具有重要意义.     

露点仪在压缩空气湿度测量中的应用

通过露点仪在压缩空气干燥系统中的应用,述叙了露点仪的测量原理和露点仪DMT242的主要技术参数。结合实际介绍了选用露点仪要注意的事项和要考虑的因素。实践证明露点仪是检测压缩空气湿度的有效计量手段。     

负压系统电捕焦油器除油效率的准确测定

通过分析试验，确定了负压状态下电捕焦油器除油效率测定方法。为准确测定出电捕除油器的除油效率、确保电捕焦油器的长周期运作提供了科学依据。     

延长油田油库蒸发损耗数据测量与计算

延长油田是油气资源的生产和储运企业,为了保证油品存储系统稳定安全运行,减少油品损失,改善油区生产环境,对油库进行蒸发损耗量的测试是非常必要的.本文选用了适合延长油田的油气损耗计算公式以及数据计量的方法,为找出油气损耗的主要原因和日后油气回收工作做好铺垫.     

一种新型实用放射性仪表的无害化测量应用

介绍Na-22放射性仪表相比于传统核仪表测量方式的优点、工作原理和安装方式。在煤气化项目中的应用情况表明:Na-22放射性仪表实现了无害化测量,仪表设备检维修方便。     

浅谈高真空绝热低温罐车的液位测量

介绍差压式液位计在高真空多层缠绕绝热的低温罐车中的应用原理,用理论的方法对液位计指示误差进行分析,并提出解决方案。     

分布式光纤测温技术研究现状及发展趋势

综述了分布式光纤测温技术。阐述了基于散射光的分布式测温系统的原理,简述了依据传输光的分布式测温技术,并对所涉及的技术进行了比较。介绍了各分布式光纤测温技术的研究现状,最后展望了分布式光纤测温技术的发展趋势。     

Optical in-situ measurement of filter cake height during bag filter plant operation

A pilot scale jet pulsed bag filter test facility is operated at conditions similar to those of the industrial bag filters. The facility is equipped with a stereo vision based optical system for in-situ cake height distribution measurements on the bag filter surface. Experimental data are presented and data evaluation procedures are discussed to elaborate the features of the measuring system.The results show that the cake height distribution becomes narrower towards the end of filtration cycles. A steep pressure drop rise is observed at the start of a filtration cycle in the absence of re-attachment and a non-uniform bag cleaning, which may be attributed to different cake properties. The specific cake resistance remains constant over the linear part of the pressure drop curve indicating a non-compressible cake formation.The analysis of residual cake patches shows a large number of small sized cake patches and a few large sized cake patches on the filter surface. The cake patch size increases with the cake formation. The fractal analysis of patches boundary indicates preferential cake formation at the boundary of the residual cake patches shortly after regeneration.