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1.
It was shown by Kamlet and Jacobs that an explosive's detonation velocity D and detonation pressure PD are governed largely by (a) the loading density of the explosive, and (b) a factor φ that depends upon the number and masses of gaseous detonation products and the accompanying heat release. For a series of different explosives, we show that the density and φ are both important in determining D and PD. For a given explosive, however, φ is approximately constant and so D and PD correlate quite well with the density, as has long been known. We propose that φ be interpreted as a measure of the intrinsic detonation potential of an explosive, that is independent of the external factors that affect the loading density. Comparison of φ values for different explosives can provide useful insights into features that promote high detonation velocities and detonation pressures. The parameter φ is related to a property introduced earlier, explosive power, but φ takes into account the fact that part of the carbon content of an explosive typically remains as a residue after the detonation process. 相似文献
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《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2018,43(4):342-347
Primary explosives are hazardous energetic materials with considerable sensitivities to external stimuli such as impact, friction, flame, heat, electric spark, and shock. A novel correlation has been introduced for prediction of detonation velocities of different hazardous primary explosives. The needed data for the new model are the loading density, the heat of detonation, the sum of the moles of gaseous products per gram of explosive and the average molecular weight of gaseous products. Decomposition products were specified based on the oxygen balance of primary explosives. Cross‐validation of the model and the statistical parameters were used for evaluating the goodness‐of‐fit, goodness‐of‐prediction, accuracy, and precision of the new model. The statistical parameters of the new model, as compared to the outputs of one of the best available thermochemical computer codes, confirm the higher reliability of the new correlation. 相似文献
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Xiaoli Meng 《Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds》2016,36(5):789-800
In this article the detonation performance and stability of the benzene derivatives were studied theoretically to facilitate further developments of energetic materials. The gas-phase heats of formation were calculated based on the isodesmic reaction. The solid-phase heats of formation and heats of sublimation were estimated in the framework of the Politzer approach. Molecular stability was calculated by bond dissociation energies and characteristic height. Detonation velocity and pressure were obtained according to Kamlet-Jacobs equations. The results show that all compounds have positive heats of formation, and compounds D1, D2, D3, E, and F have high detonation performance. In addition, the breaking of N?N bond may be initial step in initiation process. Furthermore, theoretical result suggestions that the most of derivatives have good thermal stability. These calculations could provide basic information that may prove useful for the molecular design of novel high-energy density materials. 相似文献
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Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2012,37(4):489-497
This paper describes a simple method to predict the detonation velocity of pure and mixed CHNOF explosives as well as aluminized explosives at their maximum nominal density as one of the most important detonation properties. The new correlation uses the contribution of some structural parameters to apply for a wide range of ideal and non‐ideal explosives. Aluminized explosives have non‐ideal behavior and the Chapman Jouguet detonation velocities significantly differ from those expected from existing thermodynamic computer codes for equilibrium and steady state calculations. With the presented method, there is no need to use any assumed detonation products, heat of formation and experimental data. Detonation velocities at maximum nominal density of explosives predicted by this procedure show good agreement with respect to experimental values. They are more reliable compared to the calculated results of well‐known empirical methods and computed outputs using BKWS equation of state for CHNOF and aluminized explosives. 相似文献
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Density dependence of detonation velocity for some explosives 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. V. Sil’vestrov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2006,42(4):472-479
The nonmonotonic dependence of the detonation velocity of a cylindrical charge on density for explosives of the 2nd type is
due to the effect of the finite charge diameter and is related to an increase in the width of the reaction zone with a reduction
in the porosity of the explosive.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 116–124, July–August, 2006. 相似文献
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为了探究乳化剂对乳化炸药爆炸性能的影响,分别选取了三种不同的乳化剂制备乳化炸药,采用测时仪法和铅柱压缩法测试了各乳化炸药的爆速和猛度,结果发现,不同乳化剂制备的乳化炸药爆炸性能存在差异。单一的乳化剂不能达到最好的乳化效果,复合乳化剂能改善这一情况,一定程度上提高乳化炸药的爆炸性能。 相似文献
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Pasupala Ravi Dilip M. Badgujar Girish M. Gore Surya P. Tewari Arun K. Sikder 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2011,36(5):393-403
A systematic overview of melt cast explosives is given. The research on melt cast explosives over several decades can be divided into three broad areas: (i) aromatic compounds with C CH3, N CH3, OCH3 C NO2, N NO2 and ONO2 groups, (ii) improved synthesis of compounds, which are currently used in formulations or which have shown promise for such use and (iii) the preparation of melt cast formulations with various compositions. Exudation, high volume change from liquid to solid, super cooling, irreversible growth, fragility and unpredictable sensitivity are the disadvantages of existing melt cast formulations. 相似文献
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Pulse detonation technology for removing slag and fouling deposits in coal-fired utility power plant boilers offers great potential. This technology offers a potentially convenient, inexpensive, yet efficient way for on-line slag removal. This paper presents a feasibility study that includes both Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and laboratory experiments. CFD simulations provided visual and quantitative data to study the potential mechanisms for removal of slag. Mechanisms included direct impact, flow scrubbing, wave reflection and negative velocity impact on the back side of the tubes. Several experiments were carried out to verify the potential of the pulse detonation technology. Experiments were done using a pulse detonation engine and heat exchanger tubes with different types of slag placed in different orientations on the tubes. Tubes were placed at various distances from the detonation tube and in different configurations. The results present a strong case for the application of this technology for online slag removal. It is especially effective for removal of slag on the back sides of the tubes where other traditional methods are not very successful. A preliminary cost analysis indicated that the technology can be paid for within the first year itself and provide substantial savings in the subsequent years. 相似文献
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Yandong Qu&#x; Xiaojie Li Zheng Zhao Guilei Sun 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2011,36(1):75-79
As a promising method for synthesizing nanosized materials, detonation method was used to prepare TiO2 nanoparticles. A new method for predicting the Chapman‐Jouguet (C‐J) detonation parameters of CaHbOcNdTie explosives, such as detonation heat, detonation temperature, and detonation pressure, was introduced according to the approximate reaction equations of detonation. The coefficient of oxygen balance of explosive was also calculated according to the specific detonation synthesis experiment. The calculation method was more useful in predicting the formation processes of detonation products and optimizing the experimental procedure. It could also support theory foundation for further experiments to some extent. 相似文献
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Mohammad&#x;Hossein Keshavarz Hamid&#x;Reza Pouretedal 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2005,30(2):105-108
A simplified method is shown, based on a semi‐empirical procedure, to estimate the detonation velocities of CHNO explosives at various loading densities. It is assumed that the product composition consists almost of CO, CO2, H2O and N2 for oxygen‐rich explosives. In addition solid carbon and H2 are also counted for an oxygen‐lean explosive. The approximate detonation temperature, as a second needed parameter, can be calculated from the total heat capacity of the detonation products and the heat of formation of the explosive by PM3 procedure. The detonation velocities of some well‐known CHNO explosives, calculated by the simple procedure, fit well with measured detonation velocities and the results from the well‐established BKW‐EOS computer code. 相似文献
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Yang-Fan Cheng Yu-Le Yao Dan-Yi Li Zi-Han Li Ying-Kang Yao 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2023,48(3):e202200277
To study the effects of boron powders on the detonation performance of emulsion explosives, the explosion temperature field, shock wave parameters and explosion heat of emulsion explosives were studied. The differences of boron powders with and without microcapsule cladding on improving the explosion performance were also discussed. Experimental results showed that, when the mass ratio of boron powders increased from 0 to 20 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of boron-containing emulsion explosives increased at first and then decreased. When the content of boron powders was 16 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosives reached their maximum values of 2521 K, 0.0385 MPa, 7.11 Pa ⋅ s and 6335 kJ/kg, which were 22.2 %, 30.1 %, 43.0 % and 42.1 % higher than those of the pure emulsion explosive (Sample A), respectively. Furthermore, the explosion temperature, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosive with boron powder-microcapsule (Sample B5) were up to 2648 K, 7.65 Pa ⋅ s and 6694 kJ/kg, increased by 5.0 %, 7.6 % and 5.7 % when compared with those of emulsion explosive with 16 mass % boron powders (Sample B3). Therefore, micro-encapsulation technology could improve the detonation performance of boron-containing emulsion explosives, which would be helpful to the formula design of high energy emulsion explosives. 相似文献
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Francis Halleux Jean-François Pons Ian Wilson Bart Simoens Romuald Van Riet Michel Lefebvre 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2023,48(6):e202300011
Carbamide Peroxide, an adduct of Urea and Hydrogen Peroxide, is commonly used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as a solid source of hydrogen peroxide. However, it exhibits explosive properties and can be easily manufactured from readily available household chemicals, making it a potential emerging threat. We carried out a detailed performance assessment, combining experiments, thermochemical calculations and numerical simulations and highlighted a good level of agreement between experimental data from lab, field and underwater firings. A maximum detonation velocity of 3.65 km/s was recorded for unconfined 25 kg UHP charges at 0.85 g/cm3 (200 mm charge diameter). We determined in these conditions an infinite diameter detonation velocity of 3.94 km/s. These results are also consistent with previous results obtained at small scale under heavy confinement. Airblast measurements highlighted an average 40 % TNT equivalence for impulse and 55 % for peak overpressure at short distance, which are in good agreement with the 57 % (Power Index) calculated from Explo5, while 50 % for bubble energy (explosive power) and 20 % for shock pressure (brisance) were obtained from underwater experiments. The use of different experimental approaches has proven useful to characterise the performances parameters of a non-ideal explosive for risk assessment purposes. 相似文献
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理想混合炸药模型的提出及其应用 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
通过建立“理想混合炸药”模型 ,发现理想混合炸药的爆速 Did与纯组分炸药的爆速 Di和质量分数 Wi之间存在着定量关系 ,据此发展了一种计算混合炸药爆速的新方法。对大量混合炸药的计算结果表明 ,爆速计算值与实验值的一致性令人满意 ,平均误差 1.37%。本文方法的提出 ,不仅提供了一种预测混合炸药爆速的方法 ,而且对高爆速混合炸药的研究具有一定的指导意义 相似文献
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Chuan Li Chenglong Deng Baojing Zhao Min Wang Man Zhang Zhiming Zhou 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2020,45(4):531-535
A unique zwitterionic compound consisting of functionalized pyrazolate and triazolium ions was synthesized and characterized fully. The zwitterionic compound, 3,5-dinitro-4-(3,4,5-triamino-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium-1-yl)-4H-pyrazol-4-ide (CPTY, 3 ), exhibits superhigh heat resistance, has a decomposition temperature of 335 °C, and is insensitive to impact and friction. In addition, owing to its high density (1.82 g cm−3) and positive heat of formation (555.9 kJ mol−1), its detonation velocity and pressure are acceptable high at 8750 m s−1 and 31.5 GPa, respectively. The highly attractive physicochemical and detonation properties of 3 make it promising for use as a heat-resistant explosive. 相似文献
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Yang Yang Zhuoping Duan Shurui Li Yong Han Hui Huang Liansheng Zhang Fenglei Huang 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2023,48(1):e202200088
Investigations of the detonation characteristics of a new aluminized DNAN-based melt-cast explosive RMA-2X (containing 30 wt.% DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole), 30 wt.% NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), 10 wt.% HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane) and 30 wt.% aluminum) were undertaken, as well as a lithium fluoride (LiF) substituted explosive RMF-2X (containing 30 wt.% DNAN, 30 wt.% NTO, 10 wt.% HMX and 30 wt.% LiF). The interfacial velocity experiment was carried out to measure the reaction zone parameters (including the CJ pressure, the pressure at the Von Neumann spike, and the reaction zone length) of RMA-2X. The cylinder test was also performed, and employing the test data, the detonation velocity, the Gurney energy, and the detonation energy of RMA-2X were calculated. Investigation results are analyzed and some conclusions are drawn. The role of aluminum in the detonation characteristics are also discussed. Finally, parameters of the Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation of state of the detonation products were confirmed. 相似文献