应用地高辛标记的寡核苷酸探针测定小肠结肠炎耶氏菌的耐热毒素

一个由23碱基组成的寡核苷酸片段经地高辛(Digoxigenin-11-DUTP)标记作为探针,能特异地测定小肠结肠炎耶氏菌的耐热毒素(yst)。135株致病性小肠结肠炎耶氏菌分布于0∶3,0∶5,0∶8和0∶9四个血清型。用此地高辛标记探针作菌落原位杂交试验,测得121株菌含 yst 基因,而用乳鼠试验测定时,仅26株菌显示肠毒素活性,其中,由败血症病人分离的9株0∶8型菌株均未能与此标记探针杂交。     

假单胞菌O-2-2产鼠李糖脂的结构表征及理化性质

利用液相色谱/质谱联用仪分析了铜绿假单胞菌O-2-2以正十八烷为碳源所产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的组成。共检出21种鼠李糖脂的同系物,都由1~2分子的鼠李糖和1~2个含β-羟基的碳链长度为8~12的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸构成;主要组分为α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷-β-羟基癸酰-β-羟基癸酸和2-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷-β-羟基癸酰-β-羟基癸酸。该糖脂类生物表面活性剂可将水的表面张力降至28·6mN/m,临界胶束浓度为1·3×10-4mol/L,在120℃加热4h或者在ρ(NaCl)=100g/L或ρ(CaCl2)=20g/L的盐溶液中仍能保持表面活性。     

Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment?

Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) treatment is considered low risk for the development of bacterial resistance and tolerance due to its multitarget mode of action. The aim of the current study was to demonstrate whether tolerance development occurs in Gram-negative bacteria. We evaluated the potential of tolerance/resistance development in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and demonstrated that representative Gram-negative bacteria may develop tolerance to aBL. The observed adaption was a stable feature. Assays involving E. coli K-12 tolC-, tolA-, umuD-, and recA-deficient mutants revealed some possible mechanisms for aBL tolerance development.     

Chemical Signals of Synthetic Disaccharide Derivatives Dominate Rhamnolipids at Controlling Multiple Bacterial Activities

Microbes secrete molecules that modify their environment. Here, we demonstrate a class of synthetic disaccharide derivatives (DSDs) that mimics and dominates the activity of naturally secreted rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The DSDs exhibit the dual function of activating and inhibiting the swarming motility through a concentration‐dependent activity reversal that is characteristic of signaling molecules. Whereas DSDs tethered with a saturated farnesyl group exhibit inhibition of both biofilm formation and swarming motility, with higher activities than rhamnolipids, a saturated farnesyl tethered with a sulfonate group only inhibits swarming motility but promote biofilm formation. These results identified important structural elements for controlling swarming motility, biofilm formation, and bacterial adhesion and suggest an effective chemical approach to control intertwined signaling processes that are important for biofilm formation and motilities.     

正十六烷降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性

以正十六烷为唯一碳源进行选择性富集培养,从石油污染土壤中筛选出1株正十六烷降解菌;根据形态观察和自动化鉴定分析,初步确定其为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa);采用气相色谱法测定了其对正十六烷的降解作用。结果表明,该菌株降解正十六烷的作用明显,在pH值为7.0时降解效果最好。     

一项微生物能力验证的多种方法检测结果分析

为确保微生物能力验证结果的准确报出,本实验室采用了多种方法进行CNAS T 0710的铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的能力验证比对检验,结果表明:以上多种检测方法的测试结果相吻合,均显示5份样品中有2份检出铜绿假单胞菌,2份检出金黄色葡萄球菌。最终5份样品测试均取得满意结果,在分析比较中也总结出各种检验方法的优缺点。     

铜绿假单胞菌次生代谢产物的研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌可产生多种具有活性的次生代谢产物。综述了铜绿假单胞菌次生代谢产物的种类、提取方法、合成方法、作用机制及用途,指出了研究中存在的问题,展望了未来的发展方向,拟为铜绿假单胞菌次生代谢产物的科学研究提供参考。     

铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A在生物制药中应用的研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A(Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A,PEA)是该菌分泌的外毒素之一,通过催化细胞延伸因子2(elongation factor-2,EF-2)的ADP核糖基化,抑制蛋白合成,从而导致细胞死亡,在铜绿假单胞菌导致的感染性疾病中发挥重要作用。PEA强烈的细胞毒性特点使得该毒素成为免疫毒素的重要成分之一,已广泛应用于肿瘤的靶向治疗中。此外,由于PEA可与抗原提呈细胞表面的α₂巨球蛋白受体结合,通过胞饮作用进入胞内,辅助抗原的处理和提呈,可作为分子佐剂应用于各种疫苗的研发。本文对PEA在免疫毒素及疫苗佐剂方面应用的研究进展作一综述。     

利用油田废水电渗析脱盐液发酵制备鼠李糖脂的研究

采用回转式流道隔板型式的电渗析装置对高盐度油田废水进行处理。研究了电渗析两室浓差、浓淡比、油脂在膜表面吸附和清除方式等因素对含油废水脱盐效果的影响,给出了提高脱盐过程电流效率的方法,并比较了与常规处理过程的成本差异。然后采用含油脱盐水作为发酵用水,在500毫升摇瓶规模上进行铜绿假单孢杆菌的鼠李糖脂发酵实验,发酵5天后溶液中鼠李糖脂浓度可达0.2g.L-1,且发酵前后微生物对废水中油类物质的降解量达一半以上。     

Cells Were a More Important Foaming Factor than Free Rhamnolipids in Fermentation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa E03-40 for High Rhamnolipid Production

Rhamnolipids are among the best‐known biosurfactants. Severe foaming occurs in aerobic rhamnolipid fermentation and negatively affects operation and economics of the biosurfactant production. In this study the foaming properties were examined with samples taken along a Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation that produced 55 g l^?1 rhamnolipids with a maximum volumetric productivity of 0.080 g l^?1 h^?1 and a maximum specific productivity of 0.013 g g^?1 h^?1. For a better understanding of the process, the broth samples were also centrifuged to prepare cell‐free supernatants and cell suspensions in water, and all samples were evaluated under fixed foaming conditions. In addition to the time profiles of foam rise, the initial foaming rates and maximum foam volumes were determined. Contrary to the general assumption, the cells, not rhamnolipids, were the main foaming agents in the fermentation. Soluble components including rhamnolipids had secondary roles. Supernatant foaming was higher after the culture entered the rhamnolipid‐producing stationary phase; however, the foaming appeared to decrease with increasing rhamnolipid concentrations at high concentrations (>15 g l^?1). The pH effects on foaming of broths, supernatants, and cell suspensions were also studied. Broth foaming was 55 and 80 % less at pH 5.5 and 5.0, respectively, compared to that at pH 6.5. Cell growth and rhamnolipid production at lower pH should be included in future studies. In addition, strain selection or genetic engineering and medium modification to reduce cell hydrophobicity are suggested as useful strategies to address the foaming issue of rhamnolipid fermentation.     

铜绿假单胞菌分泌鼠李糖脂能力对原油降解影响的研究

研究了铜绿假单胞菌分泌鼠李糖脂能力对原油生物降解的作用.将保存在原油中的铜绿假单胞菌转接至甘油培养基进行继代培养,观察到各继代培养下鼠李糖脂分泌量越高则该发酵液对原油的乳化降解能力就越强,推测该菌产鼠李糖脂能力决定了该培养液对原油的乳化与降解程度.鉴于此,分别将鼠李糖脂提取液、发酵液加入到原油培养基中,观察其各自的原油乳化程度的变化趋势,发现鼠李糖脂本身可以乳化原油但不能降解原油,且其乳化能力不如去菌体的发酵液.去菌体发酵液能很快地乳化原油而同样不能降解原油.只有含菌体的发酵液既能乳化又能降解原油.因此,可以认为鼠李糖脂本身具有乳化原油的能力,但是由铜绿假单胞菌同时分泌的其它表面活性物质可能协同鼠李糖脂更好地乳化原油以促进微生物对原油的利用与降解.