一种基于数据融合的合作频谱感知技术

认知无线电是为了提高频谱利用率而提出的一种智能频谱共享技术,快速可靠的检测到主用户和频谱空穴是认知无线电实现的关键和前提.由于阴影和多径衰落的影响,单认知用户检测可靠性低.基于数据融合的合作感知可以大大提高对主用户的检测概率.文中提出基于数据融合的等权重增益结合准则.仿真结果表明:当融合中心采用等权重增益结合准则时的检测性能要优于采用硬判决融合准则时的检测性能.     

协作频谱感知中数据融合与决策算法比较

协作频谱感知中融合多个认知用户的本地检测结果并准确判决至关重要.研究了基于大数合并的硬判决和基于置信(最大似然)合并的软判决,对不同算法的检测性能和复杂度进行了定性和定量的分析和比较.指出未来协作频谱感知中应结合协作用户数的优化和控制信道条件进行数据融合和决策算法设计.     

提高认知无线电频谱检测方案的研究

认知无线电的关键是快速且准确的频谱感知,协作频谱检测技术由于其良好的检测性能越来越受到人们的关注。由于无线通信信道中的多径衰落,阴影相关性制约着协作性能的提高,门限电平的选取也与协作用户的本地频谱检测结果有者密切关系。通过研究不同门限电平和阴影相关性对认知用户检测性能的影响,提出了一种多检测结果融合算法,仿真结果表明该方案具有良好的检测性能。     

一种认知无线网络中的协作感知优化方法

认知无线电技术能够显著提高频谱资源的利用率,因此越来越受到学术界的关注。频谱感知是认知无线电的基础,一方面它要求能够快速找到可用频谱,另一方面当授权用户返回时又要求能够快速释放信道避免干扰。提出了一种认知无线网络中多用户协作感知分级方法,并通过数学推导给出最优的分级策略。仿真结果表明,采用所提出的协作频谱感知方法,能够提高认知无线网络的吞吐量。     

基于能量约束的协作频谱感知算法研究

为了实现绿色节能认知通信的目标,针对协作感知和传输过程中的能量消耗问题,提出了一种基于能量约束的集中式协作频谱感知算法。建立了系统检测寿命最大化的频谱感知模型,对其进行了详细分析,给出了检测寿命最大化对应参数的搜索方法。仿真结果显示,该方法可以在满足检测精度的条件下有效延长认知网络的检测寿命,并提高低信噪比用户参与协作的几率。     

Soft Combination Schemes for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper investigates linear soft combination schemes for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. We propose two weight-setting strategies under different basic optimality criteria to improve the overall sensing performance in the network. The corresponding optimal weights are derived, which are determined by the noise power levels and the received primary user signal energies of multiple cooperative secondary users in the network. However, to obtain the instantaneous measurement of these noise power levels and primary user signal energies with high accuracy is extremely challenging. It can even be infeasible in practical implementations under a low signal-to-noise ratio regime. We therefore propose reference data matrices to scavenge the indispensable information of primary user signal energies and noise power levels for setting the proposed combining weights adaptively by keeping records of the most recent spectrum observations. Analyses and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed linear soft combination schemes outperform the conventional maximal ratio combination and equal gain combination schemes and yield significant performance improvements in spectrum sensing.     

基于中继的协作频谱感知

频谱感知技术是认知无线电系统实现的前提和基础。由于无线衰落环境下单节点频谱感知结果可靠性不高,主要讨论协作频谱感知中的中继协作频谱感知技术。针对单个中继节点的协作频谱感知网络,分析了在AF协议下的频谱感知结果。导出了在瑞利衰落环境下中继节点参与协作感知的检测概率上限的闭合表达式,并进行了数值仿真。数值分析结果表明中继节点参与协作能够提高频谱感知性能。     

基于协作频谱预测的能量有效性分析

在认知无线电网络中,传统的次级用户随机选择信道进行感知,这在电池供电的认知无线电网络中会造成能量的浪费.研究了协作频谱预测下的能量有效性设计,次级用户采用协作频谱预测的方式会极大地提高感知到空闲信道的能力,进而成功地进行数据传输.仿真了在不同的频谱预测能量消耗、频谱预测错误概率和协作用户数量下的能量有效性,结果表明协作...     

Detection performance of cooperative spectrum sensing with hard decision fusion in fading channels

In this paper, we investigate the detection performance of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) using energy detector in several fading scenarios. The fading environments comprise relatively less-studied Hoyt and Weibull channels in addition to the conventional Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m and log-normal shadowing channels. We have presented an analytical framework for evaluating different probabilities related to spectrum sensing, i.e. missed detection, false alarm and total error due to both of them, for all the fading/shadowing models mentioned. The major theoretical contribution is, however, the derivation of closed-form expressions for probability of detection. Based on our developed framework, we present performance results of CSS under various hard decision fusion strategies such as OR rule, AND rule and Majority rule. Effects of sensing channel signal-to-noise ratio, detection threshold, fusion rules, number of cooperating cognitive radios (CRs) and fading/shadowing parameters on the sensing performance have been illustrated. The performance improvement achieved with CSS over a single CR-based sensing is depicted in terms of total error probability. Further, an optimal threshold that minimises total error probability has been indicated for all the fading/shadowing channels.     

基于协作检测的频谱移动技术

频谱移动的目的是使网络状态变化尽可能快地平滑进行,以确保频谱切换中对通信性能的影响最小。采用基于协作检测的协同频谱感知方法,研究频谱移动的策略,分析频谱池容量对系统性能的影响,设计合适的跨层策略,减小切换延迟,最小化频谱切换对各层的影响。     

一种低速采样的协同宽带频谱感知方法

频谱感知是通信系统抗干扰和智能化的关键能力.针对认知无线电系统窄带频谱感知技术受制于数模转换器件的发展水平,难以解决认知无线电系统宽带、实时频谱感知的问题,提出一种多节点协作的认知无线电系统宽带频谱感知方法.该方法设计由多个认知节点对目标频段执行次奈奎斯特采样来降低采样速率,采用能量检测方式对采样矢量进行集中式融合判决,实现宽频段范围内干扰信号的谱定位和判断,降低各个感知节点的采样速率,支撑认知网络系统构建高实时、宽频带频谱感知的能力.计算机仿真试验结果表明,所提方法达到90％检测概率时压缩比要求为0.025,具有可靠性与有效性.     

集中式双非参量累积和的合作频谱感知技术

针对认知无线电网络频谱感知的检测时延降低问题,提出了一种采用双非参量累积和的合作频谱感知方法。在单主用户认知网络中,本地认知用户执行非参量累积和算法,处理能量观测数据,以缩短检测时延,减少对主用户先验信息的需求,同时为了降低带宽开销,只向融合中心传输1比特的预判决结果。融合中心在噪声干扰下接收融合预判决结果,执行非参量累积和算法,累加判决统计量,对主用户信号是否存在进行最终判决。仿真结果表明,在10%的虚警概率下,相比于传统的非参量合作频谱感知算法,双非参量累积和算法具有较低的检测延迟。     

使次系统容量最大化的协作频谱感知性能分析及优化

针对认知无线电网络中SU数、检测门限、带宽、频谱利用率和次系统容量间关系的分析表明,一方面C-CSS不仅可降低虚警率、提高频谱利用率,还可利用较少的SU实现较高的次系统容量;另一方面在SU数一定且满足目标要求时,C-CSS与T-CSS实现最大次系统容量所要求的检测门限不同.提出协作频谱感知优化算法,利用NP准则通过直接对数学模型求解即可得到使次系统容量最大的SU数和相应检测门限.理论分析和仿真结果均表明,所提算法在保证目标检测率的前提下最大化了次系统容量.     

Sensor node-assisted asynchronous cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio network

In order to take advantage of the asynchronous sensing information, alleviate the sensing overhead of secondary users （SUs） and improve the detection performance, a sensor node-assisted asynchronous cooperative spectrum sensing （SN-ACSS） scheme for cognitive radio （CR） network （CRN） was proposed. In SN-ACSS, each SU is surrounded by sensor nodes （SNs）, which asynchronously make hard decisions and soft decisions based on the Bayesian fusion rule instead of the SU. The SU combines these soft decisions and makes the local soft decision. Finally, the fusion center （FC） fuses the local soft decisions transmitted from SUs with different weight coefficients to attain the final soft decision. Besides, the impact of the statistics of licensed band occupancy on detection performance and the fact that different SNs have different sensing contributions are also considered in SN-ACSS scheme. Numerical results show that compared with the conventional synchronous cooperative spectrum sensing （SCSS） and the existing ACSS schemes, SN-ACSS algorithm achieves a better detection performance and lower cost with the same number of SNs.     

认知无线电系统中频谱感知方法的研究

由于无线通信技术的飞速发展，因此无线资源频谱日趋紧张．而另一方面现有无线通信网络采用的固定频谱分配策略导致许多已分配的频段在大多数情况下未能被充分利用。认知无线电技术的出现为提高频谱利用率提供了一条新的思路．认知无线电的一个重要要求就是能够动态的感知并接入频段，这就需要人们能够感知出空闲频段。论文主要介绍了认知无线电系统中的频谱感知方法，并运用能量检测法对对OFDM信号进行了仿真分析．     

能量检测在认知无线电频谱感知中的应用

随着无线通信技术的飞速发展,无线电频谱资源日趋紧张。认知无线电已经成为解决现有频谱资源匮乏的非常有前途有前景的技术。认知无线电是一种智能的无线通信系统,它能够感知周围的无线环境,通过一定的方法相应地改变某些工作参数来实时地适应环境,从而达到提高频谱利用率、缓解频谱资源紧张的目的。频谱感知是认知无线电中最具挑战的问题之一。详细介绍了基于能量检测的频谱感知方法,并从理论上分析研究能量检测法的检测性能,最后通过MATLAB仿真分析能量检测法对于OFDM信号的检测性能。     

LAT模型中基于次用户权值优化的频谱感知

全双工认知无线电LAT(Listen-and-Talk)模型因自干扰消除不完全而使得频谱感知能力下降.为提升频谱感知性能,提出了LAT模型下基于次用户加权的协作式频谱感知方法,分别研究了决策融合和数据融合下次用户最优权值的算法.求解最优权值时利用了凸优化方法,在处理非凸问题时利用了序列规划的方法,得到了较好的优化结果.仿真实验表明,在加权融合机制下的LAT模型得到了趋近于传统LBT(Listen-before-Talk)模型的频谱感知能力.     

Scheme of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on Adaptive Decision Fusion Algorithm

Spectrum sensing is one of the core technologies for cognitive radios(CR),where reliable detection of the signals of primary users(PUs) is precondition for implementing the CR systems.A cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on an adaptive decision fusion algorithm for spectrum sensing in CR is proposed in this paper.This scheme can estimate the PU prior probability and the miss detection and false alarm probabilities of various secondary users(SU),and make the local decision with the Chair-Varshney rule so that the decisions fusion can be done for the global decision.Simulation results show that the false alarm and miss detection probabilities resulted from the proposed algorithm are significantly lower than those of the single SU,and the performance of the scheme outperforms that of the cooperative detection by using the conventional decision fusion algorithms.