碳化铬硬质合金玻璃成形模

介绍了采用碳化铬硬质合金制作质谱计和表面分析仪器中的双曲面玻璃管的成形模具。该模具在室温至800℃范围内反复加热成形,变形甚微,保证了玻璃制品几何尺寸的高精度要求,该合金具有极高的抗氧化性能,不与玻璃粘结,易脱模。模具使用寿命较常用模具材料1Cr18Ni9Ti高10倍以上。因此,碳化铬硬质合金是制作电真空玻璃制品的理想模具材料。还介绍了碳化铬硬质合金的制备工艺和性能。     

La_2O_3对铝合金表面Ni60熔覆层组织及耐蚀性的影响

为了提高铝合金材料的表面性能,利用激光熔覆技术在6063铝合金表面制备了添加有La2O3的Ni60合金熔覆层。分析了激光熔覆La2O3+Ni60熔覆层的显微组织及硬度,研究了其耐腐蚀性能,并与Ni60合金熔覆层和铝合金基体进行了对比。结果表明,加入2%La2O3可有效地减少熔覆层中的裂纹、孔洞和夹杂物,促进晶粒细化,提高熔覆层的组织均匀性和表面硬度;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中,La2O3+Ni60熔覆层耐蚀性较未处理Al合金提高了6倍,较Ni60熔覆层提高了4.3倍;在1mol/L H2SO4溶液中,La2O3+Ni60熔覆层耐蚀性较未处理Al合金提高了19.6倍,较Ni60熔覆层提高了1.98倍;在1 mol/LNaOH溶液中,La2O3+Ni60熔覆层试样的耐蚀性较未处理的Al合金提高了99倍,较Ni60熔覆层提高了1.03倍。     

粉末冶金法制备WC-Ni3Al复合材料的组织与性能

在WC粉末中直接添加Ni、Al元素粉末,通过在液相烧结过程中反应合成Ni3Al来制备WC-Ni3Al复合材料,对该材料进行组织结构观察及力学性能测定,分析铝含量对合金致密化和镍铝相形成种类的影响,并对材料的抗氧化性能进行测试。结果表明,制备的WC-Ni3Al复合材料具有圆钝的WC晶粒形貌,粘结相中除Ni3Al相外还有少量的NiAl和Ni相;铝含量对WC-Ni3Al材料致密度的影响主要与高熔点的NiAl的形成量有关。与普通WC-15Ni硬质合金的抗弯强度(1 900 MPa)和硬度(82.6 HRA)相比,WC-15Ni3Al复合材料具有低的室温抗弯强度和高的硬度,分别为1 170 MPa和86.5 HRA。随Ni3Al含量(质量分数)从15%增加到30%,WC-30Ni3Al复合材料的室温抗弯强度增加,而硬度降低,分别为1 660 MPa和81.7 HRA,其高温抗氧化性能比WC-30(Co-Ni-Cr)硬质合金提高1个数量级。     

Inconel600合金高温微动磨损特性

采用SRV-Ⅳ高精度微动磨损试验机研究核电材料Inconel600合金的高温微动磨损行为和机制.温度升高有利于黏着区的形成,抑制微滑区的产生,促使摩擦系数和磨损量逐渐减小.摩擦氧化主要发生在环状滑动区,中心黏着区相对很少.高温下氧元素分布较室温下的更加聚集.中心黏着区表面氧含量较低,表层大量存在Ni、Cr和Fe的单质.磨痕表面氧化物由NiO、Cr₂O₃和Fe₃O₄组成.室温和高温条件下磨痕表面中心黏着区和环状滑动区交界处产生了微裂纹,高温下裂纹萌生在微滑区,与室温下相比,高温下裂纹萌生的数量更少,长度更短.      

Al含量对Zr基块体非晶合金力学性能的影响

用铜模吸铸法制备了(Zr64.8/90Cu14.85/90Ni10.35/90)90+xAl10-x(x=-4,-3,-2,0,2,4,6)块体合金,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、万能试验机、显微硬度计和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Al含量对Zr基块体非晶合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着Al含量的减小,合金先是从非晶相为主的非晶/晶体复合材料转变为完全非晶材料,接着转变为以晶体相为主的非晶/晶体复合材料,最后转变为完全晶体材料。表明通过调整Al的含量,可以制备出具有完全非晶结构的Zr基块体非晶合金。当x=-2时,即合金成分为Zr63.36Cu14.52Ni10.12Al12时,合金为完全非晶结构,该合金的室温压缩塑性应变达到20.6%,应力-应变曲线体现出了"加工硬化"特性,屈服强度σs、极限强度σm和断裂强度σf分别为1740.6,2030.7和1510.5 MPa。表明通过调整Al的含量,可以制备出具有优良室温压缩塑性的Zr基块体非晶合金。随着Al含量的减小,合金试样的显微硬度的总体趋势为先增大再减小。当x=2时,合金为非晶/晶体复合材料,该合金具有较高的显微硬度HV719.8。     

含MoS2的Ni基合金摩擦学特性的研究

用粉末冶金法制备了Ni基合金材料,测试了合金机械性能及其在室温下的摩擦磨损性能,同时还探讨了其耐磨机理.研究结果表明,MoS2质量分数为10%～15%的合金具有较好的机械和摩擦磨损综合性能.该合金主要由Ni基固溶体、定比化合物CrxSy、MoS2和Mo2S3等相组成,在室温下摩擦表面形成含硫化合物复合膜而起润滑作用.     

一种等离子喷涂Al/BN封严涂层

通过进行Al/BN面层粉末、NiAlW合金底层粉末喷涂工艺试验,确定了Al/BN及NiAlW粉末的化学成分和粒度分布,使其适合大气等离子喷涂的工艺要求,并制备出Al/BN可磨耗封严涂层。该涂层结合强度和布氏硬度适中,450℃耐热震性能良好,且在300小时以内组织稳定。销盘摩擦磨损试验结果表明,在室温下,涂层刮削性好,没有对GH2150变形高温合金摩擦销造成明显损伤;在450℃下,未对ВТ18У钛合金和GH2150摩擦销合金造成明显的磨损损伤,但其耐磨损性能有所下降。     

磁控溅射表面镀膜对Nd_2Fe_(14)B稀土永磁体抗腐蚀性能的影响

在Nd_2Fe_(14)B稀土永磁体基体表面,采用磁控溅射(直流+射频)技术制备了Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜和Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜。并通过中性盐雾试验、腐蚀失重计算、电化学腐蚀试验、金相观察等方式,对比研究了不同表面处理对Nd_2Fe_(14)B稀土永磁体基体抗腐蚀性能的影响,并构建了腐蚀模型。研究发现:Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜和Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜均有效地提高了Nd_2Fe_(14)B稀土永磁体基体耐中性盐雾腐蚀和电化学腐蚀的能力;Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜较Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜有更优良的综合耐腐蚀性能,其磁控溅射工艺参数为:Ar流量60 sccm,基片温度常温,Ni,Al,Ti的溅射功率都为250 W,基片转速20 r·min~(-1),镀膜均速0.3 nm·s~(-1),总计溅射时间1 h。     

热等静压TiC_p/30CrNi4Mo钢基复合材料的组织与性能

采用球磨与热等静压相结合的方法制备TiC_p/30Cr Ni4Mo钢基复合材料,研究材料的显微组织、密度、硬度、常温和高温拉伸性能以及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,TiC_p/30Cr Ni4Mo钢基复合材料的组织均匀细小,基体组织主要为细片状珠光体、铁素体和少量残余奥氏体,Ti C颗粒弥散分布在基体上,与基体结合牢固;复合材料的相对密度高达99.7%,硬度为49 HRC,抗拉强度高达1 266 MPa,伸长率为4.0%;复合材料具有较好的高温力学性能,400℃时复合材料抗拉强度仍高达1 135 MPa;在200 N载荷条件下,复合材料的耐磨损性能较原30Cr Ni4Mo材料提高约4倍,磨损形式主要表现为轻微的磨粒磨损;复合材料经950℃水淬和520℃回火后,抗拉强度高达1 325 MPa,伸长率为4.6%。     

新型热作模具钢H13Ni3Al的研究

依据钢的强韧化设计原理,采用中频感应+电渣重熔冶炼工艺,在H13钢的基础上,通过加入沉淀硬化元素Ni和Al,研究了退火、淬火、回火温度与时间对H13Ni3Al钢的硬度、拉伸强度、延伸率等性能的影响.并与H13的性能进行对比分析.结果表明,合金H13Ni3Al的室温和高温综合力学性能明显优于H13.     

Abrasive performance of the chromium carbide reinforced Ni3Al matrix composite cladding in different depth

 The Microstructure and room-temperature abrasive wear resistance of chromium carbide reinforced Ni3Al matrix composite cladding in different depth on nickel base alloy were investigated. The results showed that there is a great difference in microstructure and wear resistance of the Ni3Al matrix composite in different depth. Three kinds of tests, designed for different load and abrasive’ size, were utilized to understand the wear behaviour of this material. Under all three wear conditions, the abrasion resistance of the composite cladding in the depth of 6mm, namely NC-M2, was much higher than that of the composite cladding in the depth of 2mm, namely NC-M1. In addition, the wear-resistant advantage of NC-M2 was more obvious when the size of the abrasive was small. The relative wear resistance of NC-M2 increased from 1.63 times to 2.05 times when the size of the abrasive decreased from 180μm to 50μm. The microstructure of the composite cladding showed that the size of chromium carbide particles, which was mainly influenced by cooling rate of melting pool, as a function of distance from the interface between the coating and substrate was gradual. The chromium carbide particles near the interface were finer than that away from interface, which was the main reason for the different wear resistance of the composite cladding in different depth.     

Development of New Wear-Resistant Surface Coating at Elevated Temperature

Metal matrix composites containing a high vol-ume fraction of carbide particles are frequently usedas wear-resistant materials[1 -4]. For elevated tem-perature service in air ,the oxidation resistance andthe hot hardness of hard particle are the most i mpor-tant factors .In metal carbides ,tungsten carbide andchromiumcarbide can act as hard particles in metalmatrix in order to increase their hot hardness andthe ability of wetting metal matrix. Compared withtungsten carbide ,chromiumcarbide is …     

Abrasive Performance of Chromium Carbide Reinforced Ni3Al Matrix Composite Cladding

The Microstructure and room temperature abrasive wear resistance of chromium carbide reinforced NiM3Al matrix composite cladding at different depth on nickel base alloy were investigated. The results showed that there is a great difference in microstructure and wear resistance of the Ni3 Al matrix composite at different depth. Three kinds of tests, designed for different load and abrasive size, were used to understand the wear behaviour of this material. Under all three wear conditions, the abrasion resistance of the composite cladding at the depth of 6 mm, namely NC-M2, was much higher than that of the composite cladding at the depth of 2 mm, namely NC-M1. In addition, the wear-resistant advantage of NC-M2 was more obvious when the size of the abrasive was small. The relative wear resistance of NC-M2 increased from 1.63 times to 2.05 times when the size of the abrasive decreased from 180 μm to 50μm. The mierostructure of the composite cladding showed that the size of chromium carbide particles, which was mainly influenced by cooling rate of melting pool, was a function of distance from the interface between the coating and substrate varied gradually. The chromium carbide particles near the interface were finer than that far from inter-face, which was the main reason for the different wear resistance of the composite cladding at different depth.     

镍基合金—碳化铬复合涂层抗磨损性能的研究

为了得到耐磨损的表面涂层,用真空熔烧方法制成与钢基休牢固结合的镍基自熔合金—碳化铬复合涂层。用扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪对涂层的组织和结构进行了观察和分析。应用环块磨损试验机,对具有不同碳化铬含量的镍基复合涂层对金属的摩擦副进行了磨损试验。试验结果指出,在同样条件下,在涂层对金属副中的复合涂层的磨损抗力比在金属对金属副中的GCr15钢要好。复合涂层的磨损率比GCr15钢及纯镍基合金涂层降低约一个数量级,并且复合涂层的磨损率是随碳化铬含量增加而下降的。根据试验结果,对在复合涂层中合理的碳化铬含量也进行了讨论。     

Ti6Al4V合金表面火焰喷焊W_xC涂层耐磨性分析

采用"一步法"火焰喷焊技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备出由Ni60过渡层和W_xC+Ni60强化层组成的喷焊层。喷焊层在氩气气氛中冷却,避免了涂层的氧化。过渡层与基体结合良好,没有孔洞等缺陷;强化层中碳化钨颗粒呈弥散分布,与过渡层界面处存在大量的孔洞。喷焊层硬度为12. 3 GPa,相比基材,硬度提高了近3倍,摩擦系数降低60%以上。喷焊层与GCr15和Si_3N_4对磨后,对磨副GCr15和Si_3N_4磨损严重,而喷焊层无明显磨损,表现出优异的耐磨性。     

Fe3Al基合金的高温耐冲蚀磨损性能

利用通以含高浓度ＳＯ２和ＳｉＯ２细颗粒气流的专门装置，研究了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基金属间化合物的耐高温腐蚀磨损性能。试验结果表明，Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基金属间化合物的抗高温磨损性能优于钴基合金（ＣｏＦｅ１５Ｃｒ２５Ｓｉ７）、高铬镍铁基耐热合金（ＦｅＣｒ２８Ｎｉ７）以及表面喷涂Ｎｉ６０的１８－８不锈钢。     

钴铁镍复合黏结相超细硬质合金显微组织与性能

钴作为硬质合金应用最广泛的黏结剂,存在资源稀缺、成本高昂以及WC-Co硬质合金耐腐蚀性能较差等问题,综合考量生产成本与改善性能,本研究采用铁镍部分代替钴组成复合黏结剂,以其制备超细硬质合金,研究其显微组织和力学、耐蚀耐磨性能的关系。结果表明,黏结相中Fe/Ni质量分数比增加,使得合金WC晶粒细化和黏结相分布不均,合金的硬度和抗弯强度分别提高与降低。合金在中性NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能评估采用极化曲线测试与浸泡实验,黏结相添加Ni能提高合金耐蚀性,归因于Ni的钝化特性与促进腐蚀产物膜的形成。硬质合金摩擦系数和磨损率与Fe/Ni质量比呈负相关,合金耐磨性的提高主要归因于黏结相的强度增强和WC晶粒细化合金硬度提高。      

Effect of Laser Power on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of WCP/Ni Cermet Coating

Laser cladding nickel-based alloy coating （Ni60） and nickel-based composite coating doped with WC particles by 35 % （WCp/Ni） were produced on the low-carbon steel substrate by CO2 continuous wave laser with power of 5 kW using the injected powder technique. The effect of laser power on microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding WCp/Ni cermet coating was investigated. The WCp/Ni alloy coating with evenly distributed WC ceramic phases and the better bond with the substrate alloy was obtained at a power of 2.2 kW. Diffusion solution reaction happened between WC particles and the substrate alloy during laser cladding, and led to the formation of block rich-tungsten carbide on the edges of the WC particles, especially at higher power. The WCp/Ni alloy coating consists of the undissolved WC particles, the block or dendritic rich-tungsten carbide, the bar-like rich-chromium carbide, and dendrite solid solution and eutectic structure among the carbides. Microhardness and wear resistance of the WCp/Ni coating at different powers were much higher or better than those of Ni60 alloy coating, and the best results were obtained at power of 2.2 kW.     

Ceramic-Metal Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

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Friction Stir Surfacing Route: Effective Strategy for the Enhancement of Wear Resistance of Titanium Alloy

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace applications due to their properties like high strength to weight ratio, good corrosion and creep resistance. Poor wear resistance of these alloys limits their use in tribological applications. Friction surfacing technique is now recognized as an effective solution to surface engineer the light weight high strength alloys to make them suitable for general engineering applications involving wear and corrosion. The present work pertains to a study on wear resistance of surface coating of boron carbide on Ti–6Al–4V alloy using friction surfacing technique. Coating was formed by placing the boron carbide powder into the holes of predetermined depth on the surface and was characterized by metallography, electron probe micro analysis and dry sliding wear testing. The present study revealed that titanium alloy could be friction surfaced with boron carbide powder. The coating exhibited excellent wear resistance, which is attributed to the formation of strong metallurgical bond with the substrate. In the present work an attempt has also been made to compare the wear behaviour of surface composite layer on titanium alloy with that of conventionally used engineering materials such as mild steel and austenitic stainless steel. Wear data clearly revealed that wear resistance of friction stir surfaced composite layer is better than that of mild steel and stainless steel. This study demonstrated that friction stir surfacing is an effective strategy for the enhancement of wear resistance of titanium alloys.