Design of Wien filters with high resolution

The design of a compact high-energy resolution device based on a symmetrical double Wien filter is presented. An accurate version of the boundary element method (BEM) is employed to model the shape and behaviour of the filters very precisely. Using a direct ray tracing technique, we investigate the geometrical aberrations in the basic filter, in which dipole and quadrupole electric fields and a dipole magnetic field are present. The additions of a quadrupole magnetic component along with some slight modifications in the geometry produce a drastic reduction in the aberrations.     

一种轻小型四极杆质谱仪射频电源的研制

四极杆结构是四极杆质谱仪的核心结构,由射频电源分别施加两组高压高频信号进行驱动,利用电场的变化和输入离子的质荷比差异对离子进行筛选。针对四极杆质谱仪小型化的研制需求,以信号调制模块、放大模块、反馈电路和直流模块为基本构型,设计了一种应用于轻小型四极杆质谱仪的射频驱动电源。经实际测试,该电源可以在谐振频率1.33 MHz、扫描频率10 Hz的输入条件下,输出峰-峰值电压最高可达3.33 kV的调幅射频高压信号并驱动四极杆结构,扫描切换时间不高于1 ms。射频电源输出信号稳定、波动小、交直比的波动为0.1%。该射频电源相较于常规的四极杆射频电源具有更高的扫描范围,体积小巧,功耗仅30 W,接口简单,有较高的实用价值。     

四极杆电极系统的应用与研究进展

四极杆电极系统是一种可产生四极电场分布的仪器装置。由于离子在四极电场中的特殊运动性质,四极杆电极系统已被用于制造多种科学仪器,如四极杆质量分析器、三重四极杆质谱仪、四极线性离子阱、四极杆离子导引, 以及包含四极杆离子导引或四极杆质量分析器等四极杆电极系统的各种串联质谱仪等。这些仪器已被广泛应用于对化学和生物成分的质量分析,环境保护,食品安全等领域。 本工作首先简单介绍四极杆电极系统的理论基础,离子在四极电场中的运动规律与电场分布的关系,四极杆电极系统的几何结构与质谱性能的关系,高阶场的产生及其对质谱分析性能的影响等;然后分别介绍了国内外在四极杆质量分析器和四极离子阱质谱领域内的最新研究成果;最后对四极杆电极系统的研究方向作简要的展望。     

In situ calibration of rotating sensor coils for magnet testing

An in situ procedure for calibrating equivalent magnetic area and rotation radius of rotating coils is proposed for testing accelerator magnets shorter than the measuring coil. The procedure exploits measurements of magnetic field and mechanical displacement inside a reference quadrupole magnet. In a quadrupole field, an offset between the magnet and coil rotation axes gives rise to a dipole component in the field series expansion. The measurements of the focusing strength, the displacement, and the resulting dipole term allow the equivalent area and radius of the coil to be determined analytically. The procedure improves the accuracy of coils with large geometrical irregularities in the winding. This is essential for short magnets where the coil dimensions constrain the measurement accuracy. Experimental results on different coils measuring small-aperture permanent magnets are shown.     

Manometer extension for high pressure measurement: nuclear quadrupole resonance study of Cu2O with a modified Bridgman anvil cell up to 10 GPa

We report (63)Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurement of Cu(2)O under pressure up to about 10 GPa at low temperatures. Because the lattice parameter of Cu(2)O changes with increasing pressure, the electric field gradient at the Cu site also changes correspondingly with pressure. This enables us to use the Cu(2)O as an in situ manometer for high pressure nuclear magnetic resonance/NQR up to about 9 GPa.     

Use of the Far Infrared Tangential Interferometer/Polarimeter diagnostic for the study of rf driven plasma waves on NSTX

A rf detection system for waves in the 30 MHz range has been constructed for the Far Infrared Tangential Interferometer/Polarimeter on National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). It is aimed at monitoring high frequency density fluctuations driven by 30 MHz high harmonic fast wave fields. The levels of density fluctuations at various radial chords and antenna phase angles can be estimated using the electric field calculated by TORIC code and linearized continuity equation for the electron density. In this paper, the experimental arrangement for the detection of rf signal and preliminary results of simulation will be discussed.     

A polyvalent harmonic coil testing method for small-aperture magnets

A method to characterize permanent and fast-pulsed iron-dominated magnets with small apertures is presented. The harmonic coil measurement technique is enhanced specifically for small-aperture magnets by (1) in situ calibration, for facing search-coil production inaccuracy, (2) rotating the magnet around its axis, for correcting systematic effects, and (3) measuring magnetic fluxes by stationary coils at different angular positions for measuring fast pulsed magnets. This method allows a quadrupole magnet for particle accelerators to be characterized completely, by assessing multipole field components, magnetic axis position, and field direction. In this paper, initially the metrological problems arising from testing small-aperture magnets are highlighted. Then, the basic ideas of the proposed method and the architecture of the corresponding measurement system are illustrated. Finally, experimental validation results are shown for small-aperture permanent and fast-ramped quadrupole magnets for the new linear accelerator Linac4 at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research).     

Microfiber knot resonator based electric field sensor

An optical fiber electric field sensor was constructed by coating a microfiber based knot resonator with propylene carbonate, a liquid electrooptic material. The Kerr electrooptic effect of propylene carbonate changed the refractive index of the liquid in the presence of an electric field and shifted the fringe pattern of the resonator. The electric field was demodulated by monitoring the fringe shift. The sensor was used to characterize sinusoidal electric fields with magnitudes from 200–4000?V/cm and a pulsed field with a 200?µs duration time. This work may provide practical applications for the characterization of electric fields.     

用于钙离子全光囚禁的离子囚禁装置研究

随着离子光钟技术的飞速发展,由离子光钟中用来囚禁离子的射频场带来的微运动效应对其性能的影响也越来越不可 忽略。 为彻底消除这一效应,提出了全光囚禁离子光钟的实验方案。 针对这一实验方案,设计并搭建了用于钙离子全光囚禁的 离子囚禁装置。 该装置是采用刀片型离子阱设计,能够实现剩余力仅有 10 -20 N 量级的高精度的杂散电场补偿;具备 6 mm 的通 关孔径,很好满足了全光囚禁实验中偶极囚禁激光的通过需求;基于改良的螺旋谐振器设计搭建的射频系统能够实现在 9. 33(1) MHz 较低射频频率下的稳定耦合;结合高达 10 -9 Pa 的真空制备和装配导电玻窗的真空腔体,可以实现长时间的离子 囚禁。 为全光囚禁钙离子提供了实验基础,对光学囚禁离子光钟的实现具有重大意义。     

Laser-spectroscopic methods for diagnostics of electric fields in plasma (review)

Methods for measuring electric fields in plasma based on laser spectroscopy and the Stark effect on Rydberg atomic levels and rotational levels of polar diatomic molecules are considered. These methods feature high sensitivity and allow measurements of both static and alternating electric fields in plasma with high temporal and spatial resolutions. It is shown that laser-spectroscopic techniques also allow measurements of relatively weak magnetic fields in plasmas of facilities with magnetic plasma confinement. Such measurements can be based on the use of Stark splitting of highly excited energy levels of hydrogen atoms in a Lorentzian electric field, while a decrease in the fluorescent-radiation intensity at the Balmer-α line can serve as a recorded signal.     

质子转移反应质谱仪聚焦型漂移管的设计及仿真研究

漂移管是质子转移反应质谱仪(PTR-MS)的核心部件之一,对漂移管进行技术创新是改善仪器性能的重要途径.近年来,聚焦型漂移管(focusing drift tube,FDT)因具有离子利用率高的优点逐渐被重视.本研究报道了一种结合射频四极杆及电阻玻璃管的聚焦型漂移管的设计与仿真,四极杆用于提供射频聚焦场,电阻管用于产生...     

Resonance frequency and quality factor tuning in electrostatic actuation of nanoelectromechanical systems

In an electro statically actuated nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonator, it is shown that both the resonance frequency and the resonance quality (Q) factor can be manipulated. How much the frequency and quality factor can be tuned by excitation voltage and resistance on a doubly—clamped beam resonator is addressed. A mathematical model for investigating the tuning effects is presented. All results are shown based on the feasible dimension of the nano resonator and appropriate external driving voltage, yielding up to 20 MHz resonance frequency. Such parameter tuning could prove to be a very convenient scheme to actively control the response of NEMS for a variety of applications.     

Suppression of transient processes in the oscillatory circuit of the NQR spectrometer

A simple device intended for suppressing transient processes in the oscillatory circuit of the nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer operating at 0.5–10 MHz is described. The transient process duration is reduced by applying active damping to the circuit immediately after the excitation pulse terminates. The switching time is ≤0.1 μs. At 3.3 MHz, the transient process duration is reduced by a factor of 5.     

Force detected electron spin resonance at 94 GHz

Force detected electron spin resonance (FDESR) detects the presence of unpaired electrons in a sample by measuring the change in force on a mechanical resonator as the magnetization of the sample is modulated under magnetic resonance conditions. The magnetization is coupled to the resonator via a magnetic field gradient. It has been used to both detect and image distributions of electron spins, and it offers both extremely high absolute sensitivity and high spatial imaging resolution. However, compared to conventional induction mode ESR the technique also has a comparatively poor concentration sensitivity and it introduces complications in interpreting and combining both spectroscopy and imaging. One method to improve both sensitivity and spectral resolution is to operate in high magnetic fields in order to increase the sample magnetization and g-factor resolution. In this article we present FDESR measurements on the organic conductor (fluoranthene)(2)PF(6) at 3.2 T, with a corresponding millimeter-wave frequency of 93.5 GHz, which we believe are the highest field results for FDESR reported in the literature to date. A magnet-on-cantilever approach was used, with a high-anisotropy microwave ferrite as the gradient source and employing cyclic saturation to modulate the magnetization at the cantilever fundamental frequency.     

Properties of Dielectric Ring Resonator and Application to Moisture Measurement

This paper presents properties of a dielectric ring resonator and its application to measurement of material moisture. Theoretical analysis has been done to select better resonant modes in the resonator with higher sensitivity and wider moisture content measurable range than the formerly often used TE₀₁₁ mode by some researchers. Experiments have also been done to verify the theoretical results. The HE₂₁₂ mode in the resonator has the highest sensitivity of 1.0 MHz frequency shift corresponding to change of 1.0% moisture content. The measurable range of moisture content is up to 12% at dry basis. The mode of HE₂₁₁ has a wide measurable range approximately between 3% and 75% and its corresponding frequency shift is 12 MHz.     

Probe Diagnostics of a Rotating Plasma

A technique for making probe measurements of the parameters of a plasma rotating in crossed radial electric and axial magnetic fields is described. Unlike the commonly used method, the processing of readings of the Langmuir triple probe was carried out using the results of measurements based on a Mach plasma probe. When using a magnetic field produced in a solenoid without end-to-end magnetic plugs, a positive potential with respect to the grounded anode and outer metal tube is observed in the plasma that arrives from the electric discharge source with the thermoemission cathode and the annular anode. It is shown that the speed of azimuthal electron drift in the crossed-fields system under investigation is much higher than the ion rotation speed.     

A multibeam radio-frequency ion source with a discharge chamber inside a resonator

The design of a multibeam ion source with a discharge chamber inside a half-wavelength radio-frequency (RF) resonator with a spiral load is described. The resonator is excited by a loop insulated from the body of the resonator. The RF oscillator operating at a frequency of 38 MHz is grounded. The use of the resonator facilitates the initiation of a discharge at a low power level. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the resonator at the operating frequencies of the ion source are presented. The effect of the RF power and the extracting voltage on the ion-beam current has been studied. The experimental results on the ion-beam extraction at a low RF power (<100 W) are presented.     

Vector control of induced magnetic anisotropy using an in situ quadrupole electromagnet in ultrahigh vacuum sputtering

We demonstrate the incorporation of a quadrupole electromagnet into an ultrahigh vacuum sputtering system for the vector control of induced magnetic anisotropy in magnetic thin-film heterostructures. A stationary quadrupole electromagnet is used to generate a magnetic field, which rotates synchronously with the physical axes of the substrate in situ during sputtering. An arbitrary anisotropy direction can be set for successive ferromagnetic layers by adjusting the phase difference of substrate and field rotation. The ability to rotate the substrate during deposition and change anisotropy without breaking vacuum enables the deposition of magnetically soft heterostructures with arbitrary in-plane anisotropy axes.     

On-chip integration of high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and Hall-effect magnetometry

A sensor that integrates high-sensitivity micro-Hall effect magnetometry and high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy capabilities on a single semiconductor chip is presented. The Hall-effect magnetometer (HEM) was fabricated from a two-dimensional electron gas GaAsAlGaAs heterostructure in the form of a cross, with a 50 x 50 microm2 sensing area. A high-frequency microstrip resonator is coupled with two small gaps to a transmission line with a 50 Omega impedance. Different resonator lengths are used to obtain quasi-TEM fundamental resonant modes in the frequency range 10-30 GHz. The resonator is positioned on top of the active area of the HEM, where the magnetic field of the fundamental mode is largest, thus optimizing the conversion of microwave power into magnetic field at the sample position. The two gaps coupling the resonator and transmission lines are engineered differently--the gap to the microwave source is designed to optimize the loaded quality factor of the resonator (Q相似文献