剪切作用下POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混物,通过扫描电镜、力学性能和差示扫描量热等方法研究了剪切作用下马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用。结果表明,同样条件下,PP-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸较小,相界面更模糊,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显提高,共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度均高于非增容体系。而POE-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸相对较大,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显降低,共混物只有冲击强度明显高于非增容体系,拉伸强度略低于非增容体系。     

Effect of interfacial modification on metal fiber filled polypropylene composites and property balance

Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of discontinuous stainless steel fiber (SSF) filled polypropylene (PP) composites were considered as candidates for shielding electromagnetic interference (EMI) applications. In order to improve the unsatisfied impact resistance, surface treatments of SSF and modified PP were introduced. By means of a microdroplet pull-out test, polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride copolymer (PP-g-MAH) was found to be able to enhance the poor interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix. On this basis, PP-g-MAH was used to prepare conventional composites, and the macromechanical measurements showed evidence that PP-g-MAH helped increase both flexural and impact strength of the composites. However, the good affinity of PP-g-MAH for SSF reduced composite conductivity accordingly. Finally, blends of PP and PP-g-MAH proved to be a solution for the problem, i.e., the impact strength was increased significantly while acceptable electrical resistivity was maintained.     

PP-g-MAH增容膨胀阻燃聚丙烯体系的研究

利用熔融共混制备了聚丙烯/膨胀型阻燃剂/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP/IFR/PP-g-MAH)阻燃复合材料。通过极限氧指数、热重分析、扫描电子显微镜及力学性能测试研究了PP-g-MAH对阻燃复合材料的阻燃性、热稳定性、微观形貌及力学性能的影响。结果表明,PP-g-MAH作为相容剂,当添加5 %的PP-g-MAH时,复合材料的极限氧指数达到30 %, 垂直燃烧达到UL 94 V-0级;随着PP-g-MAH含量的增加,阻燃剂和基体PP之间的界面作用力提高,体系的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有提升,冲击强度减小幅度不大;与未加PP-g-MAH的复合材料相比,添加相容剂的复合材料成炭率明显提高。     

相容剂对稻糠/聚丙烯复合材料加工性能和尺寸稳定性的影响

通过反应挤出法制备了马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)相容剂,研究了POE-g-MAH对稻糠/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料力学性能、加工性能和尺寸稳定性的影响。结果表明:POE-g-MAH增容效果优于马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM-g-MAH)和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH),能显著提高复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度和尺寸稳定性;EPDM-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对复合材料加工性能影响不大,而POE-g-MAH使稻糠/PP复合材料的最大转矩和平衡转矩明显降低,加工性能得到改善。     

POE-g-MAH对SGF/POE/PP泡沫复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用型内二次发泡工艺制备马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-MAH)共混改性短玻璃纤维/聚烯烃弹性体/聚丙烯(SGF/POE/PP)泡沫复合材料,考察POE-g-MAH含量对复合材料泡孔形貌、微观结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:少量POE-g-MAH的引入有利于降低平均泡孔和提高泡孔密度;同时POE、SGF与基体间的界面结合均得到了增强,SGF/POE/PP泡沫复合材料的冲击韧度和弯曲强度分别在POE-g-MAH的含量为5%和8%时达到最大值,而压缩强度则呈逐步下降的变化趋势.     

聚烯烃弹性体对剑麻纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

为提高剑麻(SF)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料的韧性,分别采取乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和马来酸酐接枝POE(POE-g-MAH)二种弹性体对其进行增韧改性;研究了弹性体和纤维用量的变化对SF/PP/弹性体三元复合体系力学性能的影响及其内在原因。结果表明:POE和POE-g-MAH对剑麻增强聚丙烯复合材料均有良好的增韧效果;仅从增韧效果而言,在弹性体用量较低阶段POE优于POE-g-MAH,但当弹性体增至30%以后,POE-g-MAH则好于POE;在拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度及弯曲模量方面,POE-g-MAH均比POE效果更好。     

聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/环氧树脂/玻璃纤维复合材料的制备及其性能研究

通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/环氧树脂/玻璃纤维（PP/PP-g-MAH/EP/GF）复合材料,并研究了PP-g-MAH含量、EP含量及固化剂对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,PP-g-MAH含量为10份,含有固化剂EP的含量为3份时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳;与不加EP的复合材料相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别提高了41 %、47 %、86 %。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,EP的加入明显改善了GF和PP基体的黏结强度。     

PP-g-Si对PP/GF的增容效果研究

制备了硅烷接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-Si),研究了PP-g-Si作为PP/GF体系的界面相容剂对界面结合和力学性能的影响,并与马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)的增容效果进行了比较。结果表明,PP-g-Si对PP/GF体系有增容作用,PP-g-Si不仅可以改善PP/GF复合体系的拉伸强度,而且可以改善PP/GF复合体系的韧性;PP-g-Si的增容效果优于PP-g-MAH。     

Compatibilisation of multi-monomer grafted poly(ethylene-co-octene) on polypropylene/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposite

The present work reported a strategy involving the preparation of polypropylene (PP)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT)/poly(ethylene-co-octene) (POE), POE grafted with maleic anhydride (POE-g-MAH), and POE grafted with MAH and 2-hydroxy ethyl acrylate (POE-g-MAH/HEA) nanocomposites. The results of FTIR, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and SEM analyses show that the compatibilisation effect of POE-g-MAH/HEA was better than that of POE-g-MAH and pure POE, which can greatly increase intercalation and exfoliation for the clays. Correspondingly, the compatibiliser can significantly improve the notched impact strength and thermal stability of PP/OMMT nanocomposites and simultaneously effectively inhibit the decrease in the tensile strength. However, the heterogeneous nucleation of the clay nanosheets on PP was obviously inhibited by the presence of the POE-g-MAH/HEA.     

不同增容剂对聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯共混物的增容作用研究

采用熔体共混的方法制备了三种增容剂增容的聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混物,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、力学性能和差示扫描量热（DSC）测试,对马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）和乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物（PTW）对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用进行了比较研究。结果表明,和非增容体系相比,PP-g-MAH、POE-g-MAH和PTW的拉伸强度分别是非增容体系的125 %、89 %和94 %,冲击强度分别是非增容体系的140 %、200 %和200 %,PTW具有较好的增容效果。     

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的力学性能研究

研究了玻璃纤维(GF)和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)对聚丙烯力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着GF与PP的质量比增加,玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的拉伸强度增加,冲击强度总体呈下降趋势。当PP与GF的质量比为55∶45时,拉伸强度最高,达到45MPa。当PP与GF的质量比一定时,在玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料中添加增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH),可使其拉伸强度得到很大的提高,但是冲击性能却下降。当PP与GF的质量比为75∶25时,随PP-g-MAH与PP/GF复合材料的质量比增加,其拉伸强度先增大后减小,其冲击性能总体呈下降趋势。当PP-g-MAH,PP和GF的质量比为15∶75∶25时,其综合性能最优,拉伸强度为50.5MPa,冲击强度为4.3kJ/m2。     

Effects of toughening agents on the behaviors of bamboo plastic composites

Three kinds of reactive toughening agents of bamboo plastic composites are studied in this article. The bio‐fiber keeps high polarity for the hydroxyl groups of the surface, while polypropylene (PP) matrix resin phase is nonpolar. So, the interfacial compatibility between matrix and enhanced phase is poor. The anhydride in maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene can react with the hydroxyls. A large number of hydroxyl groups on the fiber surface are reduced, and the interfacial bond strength is improved. Three reactive toughening agents: glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly(ethylene‐1‐octene), maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene‐octene), and poly(ethylene‐butylacrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate) are chosen to improve the impact toughness. The mechanical properties, compatibility, phase structure, water absorption, and thermal properties of PP blends are all investigated. When the content of toughening agents are controlled between 6% and 8%, not only the impact strength is greatly improved but also the other properties of PP are less affected, which makes the composites with comprehensive and practical applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PP-g-MAH对尼龙6/炭黑复合材料性能和形貌的影响

以炭黑(CB)为导电填料,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为增韧剂,通过双螺杆挤出机和注射成型机制备了尼龙(PA)6/PP-g-MAH/CB复合材料,研究了PP-g-MAH含量对7.5%CB填充PA6力学性能、抗静电性能、热稳定性能和形貌的影响。结果表明,添加质量分数20%的PP-g-MAH可提高PA6/CB复合材料的拉伸强度、韧性、抗静电性能和热稳定性。PA6/PP-g-MAH/CB复合材料力学强度和热稳定性的提高源于PP-g-MAH产生的能量耗散以及CB,PP-g-MAH与PA6之间较好的界面粘附和PP-g-MAH均匀细化分散在PA6/CB中。PP-g-MAH改变了CB在共混物中的选择性分布,使PA6/CB的表面电阻率和体积电阻率分别下降5个和3个数量级。     

PP/PP-g-MAH/HGB复合材料非等温结晶行为研究

采用熔融法制备了聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/空心玻璃微珠（PP/PP-g-MAH/HGB）复合材料,采用差示扫描量热仪研究了PP、PP/HGB、PP/PP-g-MAH/HGB复合材料的非等温结晶过程,并通过Jeziorny法和Mo法研究了3种材料的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明,随着降温速率的增大,3种材料的结晶峰温、结晶起始温度和结晶度均减小,结晶速率增大;HGB抑制了PP的结晶行为,降低了结晶速率;PP-g-MAH对PP结晶速率的影响较小,HGB和PP-g-MAH都会改变PP的结晶成核和生长机理。     

PP/EPDM/有机化锂皂石复合材料的制备

采用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐作为相容剂,将PP、有机化锂皂石及三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)通过双螺杆挤出机共混制备PP/EPDM/有机化锂皂石复合材料,测定了复合材料的力学性能和流动性能。结果表明:在PP/EPDM/有机化锂皂石复合材料体系中,随着弹性体EPDM含量的增加,材料的冲击强度得到显著提高,而且拉伸强度并没有明显下降,同时,体系中加入有机化锂皂石后,可以有效改善复合材料的流动性能,在EPDM含量为5wt%时熔体流动速率提高到2.39 g/10min。     

Rheological and electrical properties of polypropylene composites containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and compatibilizers

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were chemically functionalized through acid, amine, and heat treatments. These were used in the manufacture of composites using polypropylene (PP) as matrix and two types of compatibilizers, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) and maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (MA-g-SEBS). PP/MWCNT composites filled with modified MWCNTs and compatibilizers were prepared by melt compounding with a twin-screw extruder and were evaluated to understand the effect of dispersion and interfacial interaction on the morphological, rheological, and electrical properties of the composite. When heat treated MWCNTs and compatibilizers were added to the composite, three dimensional network structures were generated through nanotube-nanotube and nanotube-matrix interactions resulting in percolation. Electrical conductivity was dramatically increased when the heat treated MWCNTs were added to the composite and was increased further with the addition of MA-g-SEBS compatibilizer.     

马来酸酐接枝改性聚丙烯及其在木塑复合材料中的应用

通过双螺杆挤出机聚丙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐制备马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）;研究了接枝单体马来酸酐（MAH）、引发剂DCP及共单体St等对聚丙烯（PP）熔融接枝MAH的接枝率的影响。将制备的接枝物应用于木塑复合材料中,发现木粉与聚丙烯之间的界面结合有了明显的改善,添加的PP-g-MAH增强了木粉和聚丙烯基体之间的黏合性,使两相结合得更紧密,进而提高了木塑复合材料的力学性能。     

PP-g-MA对PP/纳米氢氧化镁复合材料流变性能的影响

以马来酸酐接枝改性聚丙烯(PP-g-MA)作为界面改性剂制备了PP/PP-g-MA/纳米氢氧化镁(MH)复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和毛细管流变仪研究了PP-g-MA对复合材料微观结构和流动性能的影响。结果表明:PP-g-MA的加入充当了MH粒子与PP基体的界面层,改善了两者的界面相互作用,提高了纳米MH粒子在PP中的均匀分散性,从而显著改善PP/MH复合体系的流动性能。     

母料法制备尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其性能

以高流动性聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为载体树脂,制备了接枝聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土插层母料,并以此为增强剂制备了PA6/接枝聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料,研究了有机蒙脱土(OMMT)含量对复合体系力学性能和耐热性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了复合材料的微观结构。结果表明:在所制备的插层母料中,PP-g-MAH大分子能够部分插入OMMT的晶片层间,其层间距有所增大。母料法制备的PA6/接枝聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能得到了较大提高,当OMMT含量为6%时,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别比PA6/PP-g-MAH共混体系提高了24%和25.1%。     

增容PP/废弃PET织物纤维复合材料的结构与性能

用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯的混合物(MMA/St)两种相容剂对PP和废弃的PET织物(WF)复合材料界面进行改性,研究其力学性能、微观形态和热行为.结果表明:WF的加入使PP的拉伸强度下降,但改善了弯曲强度和模量,更使冲击强度大幅提升.在高WF填充量时,PP-g-MAH改性有助于改善弯曲性能和韧性,MMA/St混合物改性则对拉伸性能和弯曲性能更有利.挤出共混可使WF织物在PP中实现单纤维分散,PP-g-MAH和MMA/St改性改善了WF和PP的分散和界面粘结,MMA/St改性效果更优.这3类PP/WF复合材料的热稳定性都有所提高.