Building dampness diagnosing the causes

In our January/February issue last year, Jim Smith described the insights he had gained as the human expert being 'mined' by the knowledge engineers for an expert system to aid diagnosis of the causes of dampness in buildings. An overview of that BREDAMP project is presented here, explaining the background to the project and its objectives, and the way the expert system was created, discussing in detail the methods used to capture the depth of knowledge available.     

基于贝叶斯网络的大型建设工程项目风险评估

针对大型建设工程项目风险评估过程中存在的困难,提出了基于贝叶斯网络的大型建设工程项目风险评估方法。该方法以建设工程项目的历史数据为基础,结合专家知识,采用贝叶斯网络对风险事件发生的概率进行推理,并对风险事件的重要程度加以评价。最后以某大型场馆建设项目为例,应用该方法进行风险评估。结果验证了该方法的客观准确性。     

An expert-simulation system for construction productivity forecasting

Knowledge based and neural network systems provide an interesting new tool for dealing with uncertainty in decision making. The authors discuss the different sources of uncertainty for a construction planning expert system and show how the results (output) from the expert system can be used to estimate operation or project durations.     

Systems Theory for the civil engineer Experience with knowledge acquisition for an engineering expert system

Issues involved in the knowledge acquisition process for engineering applications of expert systems are discussed, with reference to a project underway in the reservoir management domain. Since there are no well established guidelines for the crucial task of acquiring human problem solving expertise, the individual responsible forthis task must rely on his own judgement and suggestions found in the literature. Based on the experience from this project, success in the area of knowledge acquisition appears to require the incremental development of very problem specific engineering expert systems, which facilitates the knowledge acquisition process. Other important factors described include the domain knowledge of the knowledge engineer (the person responsible for knowledge acquisition), the interaction between the expert and the knowledge engineer, and the expectations for the expert systems.     

A Knowledge-Based Expert System for Innovative Transportation Financing Techniques

Abstract: This paper discusses the development of a medium-sized knowledge-based expert system for selection of appropriate innovative financing technique(s) for transportation projects by several state and local governments. The steps involved in the development of the expert system, namely, problem identification, conceptualization, knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, implementation, and testing and evaluation, are discussed. The process of organizing the available knowledge of innovative financing techniques, as well as the process leading to the selection of one or more of them for a particular project, is encoded in the knowledge base of the expert system developed for the purpose. The working system was tested and validated by comparing the output of the system against the recommendations made by transportation professionals in counties and cities in various states. The tests indicate favorable results for the system. The operational system can be used as a decision support system as well as a teaching tool for transportation engineers, planners, private developers, and government officials.     

基于知识管理视角的代建单位知识体系研究

立足于知识管理视角,根据代建工作的内容和特点,在现有项目管理知识体系的基础上,从项目阶段、知识领域和组织层级三个维度,对代建单位所需的工程管理知识进行分类,通过分析知识体系的内部结构,构建三维知识结构图,并提出代建单位知识体系的系统模型,为代建单位更好地进行知识管理提供借鉴与参考。     

施工项目管理专家系统的研究原型

研制一个可达性和可用性的专家系统,时间长,费用大,牵涉面广,研究其研制过程,具有特别重要的意义。本文就施工项目管理专家系统的研究原型,在研制过程中的识别、概念化、程式化、实现和测试等几个问题,做一些初步探讨。     

知识管理在工程项目中的应用

详细介绍了工程项目环境下的知识管理体系、知识管理与其他管理的联系以及知识管理的主要任务。可以相信,通过持续学习,项目团队将不断丰富知识,提高管理水平,改进绩效表现。     

建筑企业内部知识专家评选指标体系研究

建筑企业内部知识共享力度在一定程度上影响着企业的整体实力,而企业内部知识专家是知识共享重要的影响因素之一,通过内部知识专家带动企业员工学习可以有效提升知识共享的力度。基于上述目的,就如何识别建筑企业内部专家,提出一套指标体系,进而经过三轮专家函询修改完善,并用因子分析对该指标体系进行核验,通过层次分析法确定各指标权重。结合了定性分析和定量分析构建出的企业内部知识专家评选指标体系,可以为建筑企业加强内部知识共享力度提供参考。     

基于学生知识建构的施工技术类课程“四位一体”教学方法的应用

随着对本科教学的日益重视和教育理念的转变,土木工程施工技术类课程教学改革势在必行。基于学生知识建构的教育思想,提出“四位一体”的教学方法,形成完整的教学流程,将基础施工知识与工程应用项目相结合,课堂理论教学与工地实际体验相结合,虚拟建造技术与课程知识教学相结合,学生知识建构与教师纲领引导相结合,学生自主学习与多重学习资源相结合,进一步完善土木工程施工技术知识体系的构造过程。     

房屋建筑工程施工项目评标方法选择研究

评标方法作为招标文件的重要组成部分,对整个招投标活动有着重要影响。为了选择具有切合招标工程实际、针对性强的评标方法,以房屋建筑工程施工项目为研究对象,在分析并论证投标人技术价格弹性模型合理性的基础上,通过专家访谈与问卷调查的方式构建了投标人技术能力评价指标体系,采用网络分析法ANP 对以上评价指标进行权重分配,结合投标人技术价格弹性,构建出评标方法选择模型,并利用该模型对房建工程施工项目实例进行评标方法的选择,以此验证该模型的可操作性。     

厦门深基坑支护智能选型专家系统知识

针对厦门深基坑支护智能选型专家系统知识的特点，结合岩土工程专家的思维方式和相应专家系统知识层次的推理方式，通过知识表达方式的确定，探讨了专家系统知识库和数据库的建立方法。     

Evaluating the adaptability of an industrialized building using dependency structure matrices

A relatively neglected aspect of sustainable development is the creation of an enduring built environment that can be adapted to suit changing circumstances. This presents a significant challenge: how to evaluate a building’s adaptability. The premise is introduced that adaptability is enhanced through the use of analytical tools which can provide better control of the building’s system architecture that enables easier, and less costly, user-driven adaptations. More specifically it investigates what a dependency structure matrix (DSM), a square (N × N) matrix-based model that visualizes the relationships between elements within a system, can reveal about the capacity for an industrialized building to accommodate change, through clustering and impact analyses. Clustering analysis attempts to assess the system architecture on generic principles of change by organizing it into discrete modules, while the impact analysis examines propagation in 30 change scenarios by tracing dependencies within the DSM. Feasibility assessments of the scenarios are compared with the knowledge of a system expert. The results indicate the DSM analysis provided insights beyond the intuition of the system expert regarding change propagation, while the system expert’s knowledge of component characteristics and overall composition of the building proved beyond the capacity of the DSM. Additional conclusions are drawn from the case study regarding DSM construction and the analytical process.     

An expert system for assessing the performance of RC beams and slabs

This paper reports on the design and development of an expert system for diagnosis and repair of beams and slabs in buildings constructed of reinforced concrete. The aim of the project was to capture all the available knowledge, expertise and experience on building diagnosis and repairs in a user-friendly expert system for civil engineers and allied professionals in the Singapore construction industry. Given different levels of information, the expert system, named EXSOBDR (for EXpert System On Building Diagnosis and Repair), will attempt to identify the most probable causes of RC building deterioration and recommend appropriate strategies for repair. Reports generated by EXSOBDR have been validated on actual case studies and the results have been found to be satisfactory.     

建筑工程项目管理措施探讨

对工程采取项目管理是把各种知识、技能、手段应用于项目活动之中,以达到项目要求的过程。本文通过结合笔者从事工程项目管理的实践经验,提出了工程项目管理制度如何能够合理地制定的方法。同时针对工程施工的质量及其成本管理技术展开了探讨,希望能为同行提供参考。     

从管理到治理:建设项目理论演进探析

在理论与实践双重需求的驱动下,对建设项目的研究视角正在从管理的层面扩展到治理和体制的层面.该领域理论演进的逻辑可以概括为:主流治理理论及其知识基础的普遍性与建筑业特殊性的有机结合.分析结果表明,国内外对建设项目治理的研究已取得多方面的成果,但是整体上仍处于起步阶段;未来的发展将呈现出一种多层次与多元化的态势.     

浅谈如何做好建设项目管理工作

随着建筑业市场的竞争加剧,如何搞好建设项目管理,使经济效益最大化已经成为建设单位提高自身竞争力的重要途径。建设项目实行法人责任制,加大了项目法人对建设项目管理的责任和风险,客观上要求有一大批有专业知识懂管理的人来协助需求方,这样既能提高投资效益,也能保证工程质量。     

初论信息技术与我国有色金属矿产勘查与开发

我国有色金属工业在面对“转企”的压力下,又面临知识经济带来的挑战和机遇,重视和研究信息技术在有色金属矿产勘查与开发中的应用是一项紧迫的任务,这也是非传统的有色金属矿产勘查与开发的主要发展方向。从靶区优选→概查→详查→勘探→初期开发（ 矿山生产勘探） →中期开发（ 矿山动态虚拟分析） →末期开发等一套系统集成的信息采集与处理技术系统是一项急需开拓性研究课题。已具备的有色金属矿产空间信息技术（ 如数据库,图形库） 及空间信息统计学,为开展这项开拓性研究工作提供了必须的基础。搜索理论（ＳＴＴ） 、专家系统（ＥＳ） 、智能决策支持系统（ＩＤＤＳ） 和虚拟分析技术是建立上述系统基础化的信息采集与处理技术系统的核心内容     

多项目环境下工程管理组织内部知识共享影响因素识别

知识共享作为知识管理的核心要素,在工程管理领域越来越受到研究人员和各类工程管理组织的重视。为了理清制约工程管理组织内部知识共享效果的各类影响因素,在分析工程管理组织知识共享特点的基础上,构建了多项目环境下工程管理组织内部知识共享模型,从共享主体、共享客体和共享环境3 个维度,分析识别出多项目环境下工程管理组织内部知识共享的常规影响因素以及特有影响因素,并利用专家访谈法最终确定出17 个方面的影响因素,建立了多项目环境下工程管理组织内部知识共享影响因素概念模型,为继续开展有关影响机理的实证研究奠定了基础。     

提升和创新项目生产力理论

文章阐述了项目生产力理论的起源,在解析项目生产力概念、内涵和特征的基础上构建了基于项目生产力理论的建设项目管理基本框架体系;提出了提升和创新项目生产力理论的3个着力点。从健全和完善建设工程质量和安全生产保障体系、大力推进以工程总承包为主流模式的建设工程生产组织方式变革、持续推进建筑节能减排、加强企业知识管理和全员素质培养、积极推动和促进“四化”建设,以及加强政府与行业协会联动等6个方面,研究了提升和创新项目生产力理论的主要内容;明确了提升和创新项目生产力理论的目标。