玄武岩纤维筋增强再生混凝土梁抗剪性能的试验研究

为研究BFRP筋再生混凝土梁的受剪性能,对纵筋为BFRP筋的无腹筋和有腹筋梁的破坏形态,挠度变化,纵向受力钢筋、箍筋应变和极限承载力等受力性能进行了试验研究,并与同尺寸纵筋为钢筋的再生混凝土梁进行对比分析。结果表明:BFRP筋再生混凝土梁均发生剪切破坏,而同等配筋条件下的钢筋再生混凝土梁在配置箍筋后由剪切破坏变为弯曲破坏;箍筋对BFRP筋梁抗剪承载力的提高更显著;有腹筋的BFRP筋再生混凝土梁的延性较无腹筋梁更好;箍筋抗剪作用的发挥与梁剪切斜裂缝的位置、倾角相关。     

复合纤维抗剪加固掺粉煤灰混凝土外伸梁试验研究

通过对比试验方法,分别研究了外掺粉煤灰混凝土外伸梁在完好状态、损坏状态、不持荷状态和持荷状态下,采用复合纤维对梁斜截面进行抗剪加固的受力性能和破坏特征.在试验结果对比分析的基础上,对复合纤维抗剪加固机理进行了分析.研究结果表明,复合纤维加固能改善抗剪破坏的脆性,明显提高外伸梁的抗剪承载能力,增加外伸梁刚度,降低挠度.     

多向铺层拉挤FRP薄壁梁成型工艺及弯曲性能研究

采用适当的铺层设计和在模具口加装自主设计的导向装置,并改进拉挤工艺的进丝方法,然后通过拉挤工艺完全采用±45°纤维缝编毡作为型材腹板的预浸料生产纤维增强复合材料(FRP)薄壁梁,从而使FRP薄壁梁腹板为全±45°铺层结构.随后进行了4种不同铺层结构的FRP梁的对比弯曲试验.结果表明,与全0°铺层的FRP薄壁梁相比,腹板...     

钢丝-连续玄武岩纤维复合板加固混凝土梁研究

通过1根对比梁和3根钢丝-连续玄武岩纤维复合板加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯试验,从各阶段荷载、截面刚度、裂缝情况等方面对其抗弯加固性能进行了全面的比较分析。试验结果表明,加固构件的抗开裂荷载分别提高了49％、49％和33％：抗纵筋屈服时荷载分别提高了17％、20％和27％;承载能力分别提高了38％、45％和73％,显著提高梁的抗弯刚度和承载能力,并是一种性能良好且成本低廉的加固材料。     

Effect of adhesive type on Strengthening-By-Stiffening for shear-deficient thin-walled steel structures

Strengthening-By-Stiffening (SBS) is a novel technique whose purpose is to improve structural strength by stiffening buckling-prone regions in thin-walled steel structures using pultruded composite sections. A proof of concept study showed that SBS can achieve gains in shear strength of up to 56% using glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) sections. This paper presents experimental results showing the effect of adhesive type on the efficiency of SBS for shear-deficient thin-walled steel beams. Specimens strengthened with two adhesive types were tested; a generic type (Type I) that is typically used for FRP-strengthening of concrete structures and a relatively new type (Type II) that is particularly promoted for steel structures. Like most FRP-strengthened structures, a debonding failure mode was observed for SBS specimens strengthened using adhesive Type I. Conversely, specimens strengthened using adhesive Type II did not fail by debonding, but rather by buckling of the smaller (less slender) shear panels. The resulting ductile failure mode is uncommon for FRP strengthening techniques and can lead to new applications of FRP strengthening for steel structures that were not possible using more brittle adhesives with lower capacity to absorb inelastic energy.     

Structural improvement of strengthened deck panels with externally bonded plates

Concrete bridge decks require eventual replacement and rehabilitation due to decreasing load-carrying capacity. This paper compares different strengthening design procedures that improve the usability and structural performance of bridge decks. The failure characteristics of bridge decks strengthened with various materials such as carbon fiber sheet, glass fiber sheet, steel plate, and grid CFRP and GFRP are analyzed, and the theoretical load-carrying capacities are evaluated using traditional beam and yield line theory, and punching shear analysis. The strengthening materials increase the punching shear strength of the deck and change the failure mode of the strengthened panel.     

BFRP筋再生混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

通过7根玄武岩纤维(BFRP)筋再生混凝土梁和1根钢筋再生混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验,研究了不同纵筋配筋率与再生骨料取代率对BFRP筋再生混凝土梁受弯性能的影响,分析其承载力变化过程、破坏形态、挠度变形与裂缝发展情况,并与钢筋再生混凝土梁进行对比。结果表明,BFRP筋再生混凝土梁的破坏形式有少筋和超筋破坏两种,分别由BFRP筋拉断和受压区再生混凝土压碎控制。合理配筋的BFRP筋再生混凝土梁破坏前产生的挠度较大,且受拉BFRP筋的应变也较大,说明合理配筋的BRPP筋再生混凝土梁具有一定的延性,能较好地发挥两种材料的性能。BFRP筋再生混凝土梁的裂缝宽度和裂缝条数受再生骨料取代率影响较小,而受配筋率影响较大。此外,BFRP筋再生混凝土梁的初裂荷载相比钢筋再生混凝土梁略低,但极限荷载却有明显提高。     

Influence of the adhesive thickness and steel plate thickness on the behaviour of strengthened concrete beams

The technique of strengthening concrete structures by epoxy bonding the steel plates to the tension face of the structure has been widely used in civil engineering. In this paper, the surface preparation of the concrete and steel plates is described and then the bonding technique is discussed. The influence of the adhesive thickness and the steel plate thickness on the behaviour of strengthened concrete beam is investigated. Beams with six different thicknesses of adhesive layer and five different thicknesses of steel plate were used in this study. The measured load versus strain curves for both the steel plate and the concrete of the strengthened beam were plotted. The results indicate that the ultimate flexural strength does not increase with increasing thickness of the adhesive. The strain at the first cracks in the concrete is unchanged with increasing adhesive thickness. However, at higher loads, the strain in the plate, as well as in the concrete, increased with increasing adhesive thickness. The strain in the steel plate increased at the same rate as that in the concrete in the elastic region and then the strain in the steel plate increased at a much faster rate for the same beam. The results also indicate that the strain corresponding to the ultimate load in the steel plate decreased with increasing plate thickness. The stiffness of the beam increased with the plate thickness, especially in the higher load range.     

钢丝-连续玄武岩纤维复合板及其力学性能研究

简易制作了钢丝一连续玄武岩纤维复合板试件及其单向拉伸试验装置,通过单向拉伸试验,测试分析了该复合板的力学性能。结果表明钢丝一连续玄武岩纤维复合板具有较好的力学性能：当试样钢丝体积分数为20．6％时,其复合板弹性模量为99．8GPa,比纯CBF复合板试样提高12．9‰且抗拉强度也提高9．6％;同时成本降低35‰因此是一种高性价比的加固材料。     

先张法预应力玄武岩纤维增强塑料筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

采用先张法工艺设计制作了1根全预应力玄武岩纤维增强塑料筋(BFRP筋)混凝十梁,2根部分预应力BFRP筋混凝土梁和1根普通BFRP筋混凝土梁,对其进行三分点加载试验,主要测试了构件的开裂荷载、裂缝和挠度发展情况、屈服荷载和极限荷载等性能。结果表明,对BFRP筋施加预应力,可以提高梁的杭裂度,有效减小梁的挠度和裂缝宽度;非预应力钢筋的配筋率越大,梁的极限抗弯承载力越大,在BFRP筋配筋率相同的情况下,全预应力梁和非预应力梁的极限抗弯承载力相当;在预应力梁中采用非预应力钢筋,可以减小裂缝宽度间距,并且提高梁的延性;全预应力梁和非预应力梁在纯弯段上的裂缝数量和裂缝分布基本相同,部分预应力梁的裂缝数量明显多于全预应力梁和非预应力梁。     

Rheological modeling and finite element simulation of epoxy adhesive creep in FRP-strengthened RC beams

We have shown that a significant creep occurs at the concrete–fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) interface based on double shear long-term test. The primary test parameters were the shear stress to ultimate shear strength ratio, the epoxy curing time before loading as well as the epoxy thickness. The test results showed that when the epoxy curing time before loading was earlier than seven days the shear stress level significantly affected the long-term behavior of epoxy at the interfaces, and in particular the combined effect of high shear stress and thick epoxy adhesive can result in interfacial failure if subjected to high-sustained stresses. In this paper, based on the previous experimental observations, an improved rheological model was developed to simulate the long-term behavior of epoxy adhesive at the concrete–FRP interfaces. Furthermore, the newly developed rheological creep model was incorporated in finite element (FE) modeling of a reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened with FRP sheets. The use of rheological model in FE setting provides the opportunity to conduct a parametric investigation on the behavior of RC beams strengthened with FRP. It is demonstrated that creep of epoxy at the concrete–FRP interfaces increases the beam deflection. It is also shown that consideration of creep of epoxy is essential if part or the entire load supported by FRP is to be sustained.     

Concrete beams strengthened with prestressed unbonded carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer plates: An experimental study

This study addresses the applicability and effectiveness of prestressed unbonded carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) for strengthening concrete beams. Three‐ and four‐point flexural tests were conducted up to failure for 10 concrete beams. The cracking, yield, and experimental nominal loads of the prestressed strengthened beams increased with the prestress levels. However, the ultimate loads were similar regardless of the prestress level because beam failure was dominated by rupture of the CFRP plates. Based on the results, the recommended appropriate prestress level for securing the ductility of a prestressed strengthened beam is ≤40% of the tensile strength of the CFRP plate. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2459–2471, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Experimental study on steel plates with and without notches strengthened by CFRP sheets

Steel plates strengthened by carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets were extensively studied because they can be utilized to strengthen deficient structures with irregular shapes. Although the effective bond length for strengthening plain steel structures is well known, the effective bond length for deficient steel plates remains unclear. In addition, debonding failure is a critical issue that limits the widespread application of this technique. Considering these problems, the tensile behaviour of steel plates with and without notches strengthened by CFRP sheets was experimentally studied in this paper. Semi-circular notches were created at the centre of the steel plates. CFRP sheets with different bond lengths were applied for strengthening. Furthermore, to prevent debonding failure, a G-shaped anchorage system was applied. As observed, the bond strength increased with the bond length until the bond length exceeded 400?mm. For specimens with notches in the centre, a stress concentration formed near the notch where the debonding initiated. After applying the anchorage system, the bond strength improved significantly, but debonding failure was still observed. Thus, the bond length for a steel plate with defects could be longer than that for a plain steel plate, and the weak point is the point in the specimen that undergoes the greatest change in stiffness. More importantly, the G-shaped anchorage system effectively resisted the increase in normal stress and improved the bond strength. However, due to insufficient shear stress resistance, the system ultimately could not prevent debonding and needs further improvement.     

Interfacial stresses in FRP-plated RC beams: Effect of adherend shear deformations

A recently popular method for retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) beams is to bond fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plates to their tensile faces. An important failure mode of such plated beams is the debonding of the FRP plates from the concrete due to high level of stress concentration in the adhesive at the ends of the FRP plate. This paper presents an improved solution for interfacial stresses in a concrete beam bonded with the FRP plate by including the effect of the adherend shear deformations. The analysis is based on the deformation compatibility approach where both the shear and normal stresses are assumed to be invariant across the adhesive layer thickness. In the present theoretical analysis, the adherend shear deformations are taken into account by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of both the concrete beam and the bonded plate. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented both to demonstrate the advantages of the present solution over existing ones and to illustrate the main characteristics of interfacial stress distributions.     

An experimental study on the retrofitting effects of reinforced concrete columns damaged by rebar corrosion strengthened with carbon fiber sheets

This paper presents the results of an experiment study on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns damaged by rebar corrosion and the retrofitting effects of damaged RC columns strengthened with carbon fiber sheets (CFS). In the experiment, a cyclic horizontal loading test was carried out using RC columns damaged by different degrees of rebar corrosion and strengthened with CFS. As a result, it was revealed that the deterioration of their structural behavior was mainly caused by the decline in the confining effect due to the falling off of concrete cover and the reduction of mechanical properties of corrosion rebar. In addition, the test proved that shear strengthening using CFS is an very effective retrofit technique that prevents bond splitting cracks and shear cracks from growing and improves the ductility of RC columns with corroded rebars due to the confining effect of CFS.     

Parametric finite element analysis of FRP reinforced concrete beams in fire and design guidelines

FRP bars are made of innovative materials, and use of these bars in residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure could result in their increased applications. This requires establishment of fire resistance of the FRP bar RC. This paper describes the results of a parametric study that was carried out on hybrid and carbon FRP bar RC beams. The influence of concrete strength and load ratio on the high temperature performance of beams was investigated. The study used finite element modelling and was conducted with the help of numerical models that were calibrated previously by the authors against the data of experimentally tested beams. It was found that the beam strength and stiffness reduce in the same proportion between two consecutive load ratios and are nearly uninfluenced by the concrete strength. The amount of load was found to be a critical factor for the beam thermal resistance. Preliminary guidance for FRP RC beam design in fire situation is provided on the basis of findings of the study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of shear deformation on interfacial stresses in plated beams subjected to arbitrary loading

Bonding a fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite or metallic plate to the soffit of a reinforced concrete (RC), timber or metallic beam can significantly increase its strength and other aspects of structural performance. These hybrid beams are often found to fail due to premature debonding of the plate from the original beam in a brittle manner. This has led to the development of many analytical solutions over the last two decades to quantify the interfacial shear and normal stresses between the adherends. The adherends are subjected to axial, bending and shear deformations. However, most analytical solutions have neglected the influence of shear deformation of the adherends. For the few solutions which consider this effect in an approximate manner, their applicability is limited to one or two specific load cases. This paper presents a general analytical solution for the interfacial stresses in plated beams under an arbitrary loading with the shear deformation of the adherends duly considered. The shear stress distribution is assumed to be parabolic through the depth of the adherends in predicting the interfacial shear stress and Timoshenko's beam theory is adopted in predicting interfacial normal stress to account for the shear deformation. The solution is applicable to a beam of arbitrary prismatic cross-section bonded symmetrically or asymmetrically with a thin or thick plate, both having linear elastic material properties. The effect of shear deformation is illustrated through an example beam. The influence of material and geometric parameters of the adherends and adhesive on the interfacial stress concentrations at the plate end is discussed.     

The bond and flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete elements strengthened with near surface mounted prestressing steel (PS) bars

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to study the performance of prestressing steel (PS) bars as reinforcements in the reinforced concrete (RC) elements strengthened by the near-surface mounted method (NSM). The work includes two parts. In the first part, direct pull-out tests are performed in order to study the bond performance between PS reinforcement and concrete. The influences of groove sizes and PS surface conditions (smooth and sand coated) are evaluated. The results show that the sand coated PS (PS-Sc) reinforcement has the best adhesion behavior compared with the smooth bar, and its pull-out force is increased by 48%. For this reason, the PS-Sc bars are used in the second part of this work as NSM reinforcement to strengthen RC beams subjected to bending forces. Then, four-point bending tests are carried out to understand the flexural behavior of strengthened RC beams with PS-Sc reinforcements of different lengths and ratios. The obtained results demonstrate that the use of NSM-PS-Sc bars strengthening technique leads to important enhancement in the load carrying capacity of the RC beams. The first crack load and ultimate load of the strengthened RC beams attain 71.41 and 65.67%, respectively, which are higher than those of the control beam. Furthermore, the experimental values show a good agreement with the analytical values in both the ultimate deflection and the ultimate load. This proves that the NSM-PS-Sc bars studied in this work are promising reinforcement of the RC beams.     

Microstructural characterization and failure analysis of 2D C/SiC two-layer beam with pin-bonded hybrid joints

In this paper, the microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior of 2D C/SiC two-layer beams with pin-bonded hybrid joints were investigated. The pin joints were incorporated into the two-layer beam during the assembling stage, and the adhesively bonded joints can be introduced by subsequent chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process. For 2D C/SiC two-layer beam it was confirmed that the distribution of the adhesively bonded joints was random. Based on the partial interaction composite beam theory, a simplified method was proposed to characterize the effect of adhesively bonded joints on the bending stiffness of the 2D C/SiC two-layer beam. The stress distribution around the pin joints was described by finite element modeling. It was found that the radial stress, the hoop stress and the in-plane shear stress around the pin joints were unique in their distributions. Under the action of these stresses, two kinds of failure modes can be initiated: one is the debonding of the pin–hole interface, and the other is the fracture of the 2D C/SiC plate. Based on the stress results, an empirical failure criterion was present to predict the ultimate failure of the 2D C/SiC two-layer beam.     

Interaction between corrosion crack width and steel loss in RC beams corroded under load

This paper presents results and discussions on an experimental study conducted to relate the rate of widening of corrosion cracks with the pattern of corrosion cracks as well as the level of steel corrosion for RC beams (153 × 254 × 3000 mm) that were corroded whilst subjected to varying levels of sustained loads. Steel corrosion was limited to the tensile reinforcement and to a length of 700 mm at the centre of the beams. The rate of widening of corrosion cracks as well as strains on uncracked faces of RC beams was constantly monitored during the corrosion process, along the corrosion region and along other potential cracking faces of beams using a demec gauge. The distribution of the gravimetric mass loss of steel along the corrosion region was measured at the end of the corrosion process. The results obtained showed that: the rate of widening of each corrosion crack is dependent on the overall pattern of the cracks whilst the rate of corrosion is independent of the pattern of corrosion cracks. A mass loss of steel of 1% was found to induce a corrosion crack width of about 0.04 mm.