导电酚醛树脂的研究

为了提高酚醛树脂的导电和耐腐蚀性能,分别利用石墨和氯化稀土作为改性剂,通过在酚醛聚合过程中以及在聚合后掺混的方式对酚醛树脂进行改性,改性后的酚醛树脂应用于燃料电池双极板后,大大提高了双极板的体积电导率,同时提高了双极板的力学强度和耐腐蚀性。利用红外光谱和GPC证明了氯化稀土共聚改性酚醛树脂为一种有效的化学改性方法。     

酚醛树脂基复合材料增韧改性研究进展

对PF(酚醛树脂)复合材料的性能进行了综述,并概述了PF的合成机制。围绕PF存在的缺点,结合国内外对PF的改性研究,总结出PF的力学性能复合改性、耐热氧复合改性等方法;通过这些改性方法的实施,可使PF复合材料的综合性能进一步提升,最终可得到能满足桥梁100年使用要求的PF复合材料。     

尿素改性酚醛树脂胶粘剂的研究

以苯酚、尿素、甲醛为原料采用合理的工艺进行了尿素对酚醛树脂改性,对其可行性进行了初步分析。试验结果表明,所合成的尿素改性酚醛树脂贮存性好;可以在低于酚醛树脂25℃的固化温度下固化;在相同的固化温度下,UPF树脂的固化速度要快于PF树脂;用尿素改性酚醛树脂压制桦木三合板,其所压制的胶合板的各项物理力学性能与常规PF树脂胶合板性能相近,能达到GB/T 9846-1988对I类胶合板理化性能的要求;板材中的甲醛释放量低于GB 18580-2001中的E1级的要求。由于尿素的加入降低了胶粘剂的成本,尿素改性酚醛树脂综合性能优于PF树脂。     

Preparation and properties of phenolated corn bran (CB)/phenol/formaldehyde cocondensed resin

Corn bran (CB) was liquefied in the presence of phenol at high temperature (200°C) under high pressure (>1 atm) and the obtained liquefied products were reacted with formaldehyde to get phenolated CB/phenol/formaldehyde resins with excellent yields. The properties of the cocondensed resins were examined and compared with the liquefied products before the cocondensation. Little difference was observed in thermofluidity before and after the cocondensation, whereas the thermosetting properties and the flexural properties of the molded products were enhanced. These properties were comparable with those of liquefied resins from corn starch (CS) and those of commercial novolak resin. Moreover, no significant differences were found in the properties of the liquefied products and the thermosetting resins therefrom after removal of the solid residue and neutralization salt. It became apparent that the condensation reactions between formaldehyde and the unreacted phenol in the liquefied products enhance the physical properties of the liquefied products from CB, making possible the total utilization of the liquefied products. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2901–2907, 2000     

Kraft lignin in phenol formaldehyde resin. Part 1. Partial replacement of phenol by kraft lignin in phenol formaldehyde adhesives for plywood

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential for partially replacing phenol with kraft lignin in the phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin designed for application as an adhesive in the production of plywood. The kraft lignin, considered to be an environmentally friendly alternative to phenol, was precipitated from black liquor recovered from kraft pulping of softwood. Kraft lignin phenol formaldehyde (KLPF) resin was prepared in a one-step preparation with different additions of lignin. Replacing 50 wt% of the phenol with kraft lignin (50KLPF) was, under the conditions used, considered to be optimal with respect to resin viscosity, storage stability, and bonding ability. The resin consists of an integrated kraft lignin-phenol network. The hot-pressing time in the plywood manufacturing had to be increased by approximately 30% at 150°C for the 50KLPF resin compared with that normally used for PF resin, in order to comply with plywood standard demands. The mechanical properties of test samples made from KLPF resins were equal to or better than those of test samples made from PF resin only.     

降低可发泡性酚醛树脂中游离甲醛含量的研究

研究了酚醛树脂合成条件对树脂中游离甲醛含量的影响。结果表明,反应物甲醛和苯酚的摩尔比为(1.2~2.4)∶1,树脂中游离甲醛的含量为0.12%~11.57%;将整个反应分成两步,在65℃和95℃各加热40 min,使游离甲醛含量更低;催化剂的最适合用量为苯酚摩尔数的6%~9%;游离甲醛含量随尿素用量增大而减小,但存在一个临界值,尿素的最佳用量为甲醛摩尔数的10%~12%。     

蒙脱土对脲醛树脂性能的影响

以有机蒙脱土(OMMT)作为脲醛树脂(UF)胶粘剂的改性剂,制备UF/OMMT纳米复合材料;然后将其用于刨花板的制备,并采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法和X-射线衍射(XRD)法对纳米复合材料的结构进行了表征。结果表明:刨花板的力学性能随OMMT含量增加呈先升后降(或先升后降再升)态势,并且在w(OMMT)=3%时相对较好;当w(OMMT)=1%时,经硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)处理后的OMMT在UF反应终了阶段加入时,刨花板的综合力学性能相对最好;在纳米复合材料体系中,OMMT的层状纳米片层已被剥离,并且OMMT和UF之间发生了一定程度的化学反应,而偶联剂和OMMT之间并没有形成化学键。     

旋转填料床脱除脲醛树脂中游离甲醛的应用研究

目前板材行业使用的脲醛树脂胶大部分存在游离甲醛超标的问题。应用旋转填料床技术采用气提方法吹脱脲醛树脂中游离甲醛,实验研究了不同进料温度、旋转填料床转速、气提气量、进液量的情况下对甲醛脱除率的影响。实验表明:在常压操作条件下,最佳气液比与旋转填料床转速有关。     

Coating properties of alkyd-ketonic (cyclohexanone formaldehyde) resin blends

The present article describes the preparation and coating properties of long oil-length alkyd and ketonic (cyclohexanone formaldehyde) resin blends. A unique solvent system, which shows a one-phase clear solution and a clear coat of the binder system, was used. The scope of the article is to produce a better combination of properties than those of the individual components. It has been observed that, when a 30% concentration of ketonic resin was blended with the alkyd resin, a significant improvement in adhesion, hardness, gloss, storage stability, acid resistance, and drying time was achieved over that of the alkyd resin alone.     

Synthesis of graphene nanosheets modified with the Fe3O4@ phenol formaldehyde resin or PFR nanoparticles for their application in bio‐imagine and thermal treatment

Two different types of graphene‐based composites have been synthesized with simple assays. The multifunctional composites were obtained through loading Fe₃O₄@phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized with Fe₃O₄ NPs, hexamethylene‐tetramine, and phenol onto the surface of graphene oxide sheets in the presence of coupling agent. The Fe₃O₄@PFR loaded graphene oxide composites bring several merits. It prevents PFR NPs aggregation due to the existed graphene oxide but also endows the composites photothermal conversion property. Furthermore, the graphene‐wrapped PFR composites were prepared by mixing oxide graphene and PFR NPs at 110 °C by means of the good reduction of the hydroxyl group on the surface of PFR NPs to graphene. Under the assistance of chitosan, a building block consists of graphene‐wrapped PFR composites could be obtained. Thus, an ideal method may be developed to synthesize graphene‐wrapped PFR composites for constructing building blocks. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45007.     

低游离甲醛脲醛树脂的合成工艺探讨

介绍了脲醛树脂(UF)的应用前景及游离甲醛对人体健康的危害,描述了UF的合成机制。总结和评价了目前合成环保型UF的几种常用方法 ,并对其未来的合成方向进行了展望。     

胶合板用脲醛树脂胶粘剂的纳米改性

以MMT(蒙脱土)或OMMT(有机蒙脱土)作为改性剂,两者分别在UF(脲醛树脂)合成的不同阶段(加成阶段、缩聚阶段和缩聚后期)中以同一投料比引入体系中,制备相应的改性UF胶粘剂。研究结果表明:当n(F):n(U)=1.2:1、w(MMT或OMMT)=2%(相对于尿素总质量而言)时,MMT和OMMT的引入,能使相应改性UF胶粘剂的某些性能(如黏度、固含量、胶接强度和固化时间等)增加、游离甲醛含量降低;OMMT的改性效果优于MMT,并且OMMT在加成阶段投入时降醛效果明显,在缩聚阶段投入时补强效果明显。     

氯化铵对酚醛甲阶树脂固化速率和游离甲醛含量的影响

针对酚醛树脂的固化问题,以MPF甲阶树脂为对象,酸性盐氯化铵为酸度调节剂,研究加入氯化铵后体系固化时间和游离甲醛的变化情况,并探讨了氯化铵添加量对它们的影响。结果显示,氯化铵完全可以作为酚醛甲阶树脂的固化剂；加入少量氯化铵时,固化速度就明显加快；氯化铵的加入量在0．6%～1．2%,固化时间和游离甲醛含量的减少都很明显；当氯化铵的添加量继续增加,游离甲醛含量继续减少,但对固化时同的影响很小。通过对游离甲醛的分析,确定甲醛随氯化铵添加量的变化率为0．4～0．6。     

温度对酚醛树脂/丁腈橡胶复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用机械共混法将酚醛树脂（PF）与丁腈橡胶（NBR）进行混合而制得PF/NBR复合材料,研究了PF用量对NBR的拉伸性能、撕裂性能及硬度的影响,使用多功能材料表面性能综合测试仪、三维表面形貌仪和扫描电子显微镜对力学性能最优的PF/NBR复合材料试样A 2（添加5份PF）在不同温度下的摩擦性能进行了探究,并与未添加PF的试样A 0进行了对比,此外还对PF/NBR复合材料的磨损机理进行了初步分析。结果表明,当温度超过75 ℃时,试样A 0的摩擦系数曲线整体呈持续上升的趋势,同时其表面有较多孔洞,分子间结合力下降,耐磨性变差,而试样A 2的摩擦系数则基本保持稳定,磨损行为表明其磨损机理由磨粒磨损逐渐转变为黏着磨损;相对于试样A 0而言,试样A 2在高温下仍能保持较好的摩擦性能。     

Effect of synthesis parameters on thermal behavior of phenol–formaldehyde resol resin

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the influence of resin synthesis parameters on the thermal behavior of low molecular weight phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resol resins prepared with different formaldehyde/phenol (F/P) molar ratios, different sodium hydroxide/phenol (NaOH/P) molar ratios, and different catalysts. As the F/P molar ratio increased, the molecular weight and activation energy increased while the gel time, peak temperature, resin pH, and nonvolatile solids content decreased. By contrast, the molecular weight, gel time, resin pH, resin solids content, and peak temperature increased with an increasing NaOH/P molar ratio. However, the activation energy decreased with an increasing NaOH/P molar ratio. The polydispersity increased with both F/P and NaOH/P ratios. Calcium hydroxide gave a faster curing resin compared to sodium and potassium hydroxides. All DSC thermograms of this study showed just a single exothermic peak for the resins that were used. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1415–1424, 2002     

稀土La2O3改性脲醛树脂的黏度特性研究

脲醛树脂(UF树脂)胶黏剂具有胶合强度高、制作简单、成本低廉、原料来源丰富等一系列特点,成为我国人造板生产的主要胶种,是市场上需求量最大的胶黏剂之一。但由于在固化时会放出刺激性的甲醛,游离甲醛高,在使用时严重危害人的健康。近年来,随着人们环保意识的提高,生产和使用低毒UF树脂胶势在必行。本文介绍了稀土氧化镧对脲醛树脂的改性过程并对改性后脲醛树脂胶的各项性能进行了测试。本实验通过在不同反应阶段加入稀土氧化镧,分别探讨它们对脲醛树脂胶黏剂性能影响。实验表明:在脲醛树脂胶中加入稀土氧化镧可以增加黏度、固化时间、固含量,并可以减少游离甲醛释放量。     

甲醛/苯酚配比对可发性甲阶酚醛树脂性能的影响研究

以苯酚、多聚甲醛、甲醛溶液为原料,NaOH为催化剂,采用逐步共聚的聚合工艺,制备可发性甲阶酚醛树脂,采用环保型发泡剂、匀泡剂、实验室自制复合酸固化剂制备阻燃保温酚醛泡沫材料。研究了甲醛/苯酚配比(物质的量之比即F/P)进行单因素分析,对可发性甲阶酚醛树脂的物理性能、有毒物质残余量、分子结构和活性的影响以及与树脂可发性的关系。结果表明,当F/P=2.0时,可发性甲阶酚醛树脂的粘度为2 680 mPa.s,游离甲醛含量为0.75%,游离苯酚含量为2.3%,羟甲基含量为34.83%,泡沫表观密度为0.050 7 g/cm3。     

低粘度热固性苯基苯酚甲醛树脂的固体碱催化法合成新工艺研究

本文介绍了以邻苯基苯酚和甲醛为原料,经固体碱(阴离子交换树脂)催化缩合、过滤、蒸馏等过程制得产品,研制出一种新型催化法工艺路线,免除了无机碱(NaOH)催化工艺中的中和、水洗、pH值难以测定等过程,减少了水污染,产品质量好,是一种耐水和酸碱、稳定性较好的苯基苯酚甲醛树脂,主要用于船舶漆及铸造砂蕊粘合剂等领域,推动了苯基苯酚的应用和合成工艺的发展。     

多聚甲醛与苯酚物质的量比对可发性甲阶酚醛树脂性能的影响

采用多聚甲醛代替37%的甲醛溶液,在20%NaOH水溶液催化下与苯酚逐步加成聚合,合成了可发性甲阶酚醛树脂。研究了多聚甲醛与苯酚物质的量比(F/P)对合成树脂固含量、粘度、游离苯酚、游离甲醛、凝胶时间、分子结构、分子质量、树脂热性能及泡沫性能的影响。结果表明,F/P值为1.8时,可得到性能优良成本较低的可发性甲阶酚醛树脂,树脂粘度1.4 Pa.s,游离甲醛质量分数1.17%,游离苯酚质量分数6.72%,羟甲基指数1.41,树脂分子质量在240左右,耐热性较好。     

Separation of gold(III) ions from copper(II) and zinc(II) ions using thiourea–formaldehyde or urea–formaldehyde chelating resins

Thiourea–formaldehyde (TF) and urea–formaldehyde (UF) chelating resins were synthesized and these resins were used in the separation of gold(III) ions from copper(II) and zinc(II) base metal ions. In the experimental studies, the effect of acidity on gold(III) uptake and gold(III) adsorption capacities by batch method, and loading and elution profiles of gold(III) ions, gold(III), copper(II), and zinc(II), dynamic adsorption capacities and the stability tests of TF and UF resins by column method were examined. By batch method, the optimum acidities were found as pH 2 and 0.5M HCl, and gold(III) adsorption capacities in the solutions including copper(II) and zinc(II) ions were obtained as 0.088 and 0.151 meq Au(III)/g for UF and TF resins, respectively. On the other hand, by column method, the dynamic adsorption capacities were calculated as 0.109 meq Au(III)/g with TF, 0.023 meq Au(III)/g with UF, 0.015 meq Cu(II)/g with TF, 0.0057 meq Cu(II)/g with UF, and under 6.1 × 10^?5 meq Zn(II)/g with TF or UF. TF resin was more effective in the separation and the concentration of gold(III) ions from copper(II) and zinc(II) ions than UF resin. It was seen that sulfur atoms contributed the gold(III) adsorption comparing with oxygen atoms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009