Building information

Ron Brewer, Head of Publishing at the UK's Building Research Establishment, BRE, describes the research that indicates that the basic requirements of technical literature are not being met. This paper accepts that users of information are influenced by the way documents are presented and looks at 13 different attributes of technical publications recording how various professional groups placed them into their order of preference.     

技术管理在大坝项目管理中的重要性

结合阿尔及利亚德拉迪斯大坝工程项目实际案例,首先对技术管理工作的重要性进行了分析,认为其能够促进项目技术标准的统一,解决工程项目建设期间的各类技术性问题,同时对工程项目技术档案进行记录与分发,对该工程的基本概况进行分析,最后研究了该项目实施期间的技术管理工作要点。     

Technically Speaking: Planning Theory and the Role of Information in Making Planning Policy

Understanding how technical information is used in planning is important: the ability to carry out and interpret technical analysis is part of the basis for the legitimacy of planning as a profession. The role and influence of technical information in planning is, however, contested. The article presents a conceptual framework that has been tested in research that examined the use of technical information in British planning policies at a local level. The article concludes that planners are engaged in processes of mediation and negotiation to make policy and implement it. They are not involved in a simple process of rational choice between alternatives. Thus, technical information is not influential purely because it is 'correct' in some sense, but because of the way it is incorporated into the processes through which land use change is initiated, controlled and evaluated. These processes are structured by the rules and procedures created by the institutionalization of planning activities, and the use of technical information as an influence on land use change can only be understood within this context.     

从INTERMAT 2012看道路施工机械的发展方向

介绍INTERMAT 2012法国展会上道路施工机械产品及其生产商的参展情况,认为目前道路施工机械的技术已比较成熟,创新性技术涌现并不多,主要技术改进体现在作业性能的智能化、操控的舒适性及外观造型的改变等方面,同时指出,未来道路施工机械将会呈现向大型化和小型化两端发展的趋势,并将更加注重环保和节能技术的应用.     

经济型酒店小额投资的照明节能技术改造方法

经济型酒店实现节能减排的一种可行有效途径是小额投资项目的节能技术改造,但是目前还需要提供具有针对性的实施方法。以酒店照明节能技术改造项目为例,讨论一种经济型酒店主导的小额投资照明节能技术改造的技术与管理一体化实施方法。目的是有助于酒店自主有效地实现小额投资的节能技术改造,同时提高其技术和管理水平。通过经济型酒店案例验证表明,改造后酒店年均利润率和年均节能率分别可达 26%和 68%。     

论工程科技档案在安全生产中的重要作用

介绍了目前科技档案的收集和归档情况,结合具体的例子,阐述了科技档案在安全生产中的作用,通过分析科技档案丢失及不能充分利用的后果,提出了加强科技档案管理的重要措施,以更好地发挥科技档案的作用。     

山西防水行业状况和发展设想

介绍了山西防水行业目前以购销、施工为主流市场,新型防水材料均已不同程度的应用于各重点工程的状况,提出了行业发展应向服务型和技术创新型转化,应加强与国内外及各省市防水行业组织的交流与合作,以促进本地区行业的技术发展和进步。     

回弹读数趋于稳定状态时的压强临界值

选取C20,C30,C40,C50共4种强度等级、尺寸均为100mm×100mm×300mm的混凝土试件,在5,10,15,20,25,30,40kN共7个压力等级下测量其回弹值,并通过比较回弹值与压力之间的关系,得出混凝土试件回弹值趋于稳定时的压强临界值约为0.25kN/cm2.将试验结果与原混凝土无损检测规程比对后发现,原无损检测规程在制定测强公式时规定的试件承受压力并不能确保回弹值的正确读取.所得结果可为混凝土无损检测规程的再版修订提供新的依据.     

The “effect procargo” on technical and scale efficiency at airports: The case of Spanish airports (2009–2011)

This paper studies the “effect procargo” (or effect of the proportion of cargo traffic relative to total traffic) on technical and scale efficiency at airports. To this end, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, a comparative technical efficiency analysis is developed for 35 Spanish airports over the 2009 to 2011 period. In a second stage, using Tobit regression, we analysed the effects of airport size, low-cost carrier (LCC) presence, and cargo traffic on efficiency. The results suggest that cargo traffic has a positive impact on the technical and scale efficiency of Spanish airport operations. Airports with a higher share of cargo traffic are expected to have higher overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency, in comparison to airports with a lower share.     

LNG橇装汽车加气站工艺流程与设备选型

LNG橇装汽车加气站将LNG储罐、加气机、低温泵、卸车增压器、储罐增压器、管道、控制阀门等设备集中固定安装在一个橇块上,适用于LNG汽车加气项目推广和其他小规模客户开发。以某公交站场的LNG橇装汽车加气站为例,从技术规范、技术参数、工艺流程和设备选型等方面进行了分析。     

编制省级规划管理技术规定的技术思路探讨——以湖南省城乡规划管理技术规定为例

规划管理技术规定是城乡规划建设行政主管部门进行城乡规划管理的最有效的技术性文件,是进行规范化的城乡规划管理的必备手段,一般由直接面对规划实施管理的城市来制定,省级层面的技术规定文件是最近几年省级规划管理行政部门新的探索与尝试,本文结合正在编制的《湖南省城乡规划管理技术规定》探讨了省级层面技术规定文件编制的技术思路。     

浅谈高校食堂设计思路

介绍了中国海洋大学D4食堂的设计原则和方案,对食堂设计中应注意的问题进行了分析,从选址、分级的确定与指标控制、流线、设备及炊具选用等方面对食堂设计进行了论述,提供了目前高校食堂设计中常用的技术参数,解决了目前高校食堂设计中普遍存在的技术问题。     

特高压避雷器的探讨

介绍了国外特高压避雷器的发展和运行情况,对前苏联、瑞典、德国及日本等国家研究和开发特高压避雷器的主要技术参数、结构及性能进行了分析。阐述了中国避雷器发展的状况,分析了中国已经研制的750kV系统用避雷器技术性能,提出了准备开发的1000kV避雷器的技术参数和建议。为了降低系统的绝缘水平,应开发1000kV的敞开式电站保护用避雷器、GIS电站保护用避雷器及线路保护用避雷器。避雷器的额定电压为828kV,雷电冲击保护水平为1620kV。并指出中国在现有的基础上能够开发出1000kV避雷器。     

Developing an optimal bidding strategy in two-envelope fee bidding

Two-envelope fee bidding is used frequently in allocating commissions to willing consultants such as architects, engineers and surveyors. Consultant fees and technical scores are normally aggregated to form a total score. The consultant obtaining the highest total score is usually awarded the commission. The consultant's objective is to get the highest total score possible because this maximizes the chance of winning. Consultants can submit to the procurer any of a number of different technical proposals which is then converted to a technical score. Only one technical score+fee combination will result in the highest total score, i.e. the optimum technical score+fee combination. This paper offers consultants an approach to better identify their optimum technical score+fee combination. In using this approach consultants need to develop a total score continuum based on (1) the consultant's original technical proposal and fee, (2) the absolute lowest fee and corresponding technical score, and (3) the absolute highest technical score and corresponding fee. The total score becomes the dependent variable and the fee the independent variable. Since the total score continuum is regressed on three points it will almost certainly be curvilinear in shape. Given that the optimum total score is at the highest point of the continuum, the optimum fee can be determined through differentiation. The corresponding technical score can then be found. After adjusting the original technical proposal to reflect the corresponding technical score, the optimum fee and adjusted technical proposal can then be submitted to the procurer.     

顶推法纠偏和工程实例

本文介绍利用千斤顶作为纠偏主要机具,纠正建(构)筑物因地基不均匀变形而发生的倾斜偏位、水平偏位。通过工程实例叙述了顶推法纠偏的设计方法和施工技术要点。顶推纠偏法的技术原理清晰,机具易得、施工简便,并能同时进行地基加固,在工程中收到较好的经济效果。     

咸阳机场老航站楼改造加固的设计思路与分析

咸阳机场老航站楼当初设计时执行的是74系列规范(抗震设计规范TJ11-78),现在拟对其进行改造,以满足新的工艺流程和新增部分功能的要求。在国家目前尚未统一建筑物改造工程技术标准的情况下,探讨了如何对该工程进行改造,如何确定该工程的抗震设防标准,如何在满足一定技术要求的同时尽量满足业主的经济及其他方面要求,介绍了在改造加固设计中的思路及应用相应规范时应注意的部分问题,对于改造加固工程有一定的参考价值。     

论污水处理低碳节能的方向与前景

针对现阶段现污水处理低碳、可持续的方向进行了总结。主要从运行节能、绿色技术和绿色能源三个方面的技术措施进行了阐述,并对国内外发展现状进行了对比分析。结合三个方面的技术措施,对我国污水处理可持续发展提出了建议展望。     

电气施工图审查常见问题综述

针对电气施工图审查中常见问题,包括设计说明及设备选择中出现的问题,电气平面图中、照明平面图中、弱电系统图中,以及供配电系统、消防、防雷接地系统中出现的问题,依据施工图审查要求,结合标准条文,逐一进行技术要点说明。对标准条文理解中显现的可操作性疑义问题,文章结合对标准条文的理解,提出建议,供施工图设计和审查参考。     

基础隔震工程技术质量管理

隔震技术是一项较新的建筑技术,隔震支座又是建筑中的主要受力构件。这两方面决定了隔震系统施工是整个工程施工中的重点和难点。结合北京三里河三区12号地危旧房改造工程叠合橡胶支座施工,探讨了隔震系统施工的技术质量管理思路及管理重点。工程实践证明,有效的技术质量管理可以保证基础隔震建筑达到良好效果。     

Assessment of construction defects in residential buildings in Spain

The building industry is noted for its repeated building defects causing cost increases and time delays during construction. In Spain, despite the Ley de Ordenación de la Edificación (Building Regulation Act), which establishes a general framework to promote overall building quality, construction defects in residential buildings remain a pervasive problem. An analysis of 3647 construction defects is presented which identified the location within the building, subcontractors and building element in 68 residential building developments undertaken by two large Spanish contractors. The research reveals that the most common defects that arise during construction are related to the stability of the structure and inappropriate installation of roofs and facades. These technical faults are caused by poor workmanship rather than by the quality of the materials or products used. By comparing these results with a previous study on defects after handover, it can be concluded that while the nature of defects during construction is basically technical, at handover it is aesthetic or technical.