The naive building economics manifesto

From research performed for two recent evaluation studies, the author translates to building economics the concepts lately introduced in naive physics. He argues that expert systems designed to advise the user in the early project planning-design stage should be able to employ both basic economic principles and qualitative commonsense reasoning about the likely direction of change of the key variables considered, since the time factor is crucial. A toy expert system dealing with interest rate trends is analysed to show some feasible strategies that could be implemented The author is Assistant Professor of Economics in Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.     

The Grand Work of Fiction: The Detail as Narrative

A practising architect and Professor at the University of Virginia School of Architecture, Edward Ford is the leading expert on the architectural detail and the author of three seminal books on the subject. Here Ford explains that, though the decision ‘to abstract or to articulate’ architecture ‘may be largely subconscious’, it is never ‘arbitrary’. For ‘in the well-designed building, it is done in the service of the creation of a larger narrative, a unity of vision’.     

酿酒车间环境对预应力构件耐久性的影响

针对白酒制造业的生产环境对钢筋混凝土构件的物理化学综合作用。造成混凝土酥松剥落，钢筋锈蚀的现状，进行了调查分析，经有关专家研究论证，对其成因及防护措施达成共识并进行了阐述，提出了几条针对性建议，并指出设计，施工及酿酒业对该现状应引起足够重视，采取相应对策。     

Frameworks for defects diagnosis

As one with long experience and much expertise in identifying causes of dampness in buildings, the author became the ‘human expert’ for ‘knowledge mining’ by the knowledge engineers working on an expert system for the subject. The insights he thus gained into diagnostic thinking are reflected here in outlining a framework for systematic diagnosis, first of dampness in buildings and then of building defects in general. Jim Smith is a member of the Building Research Advisory Service of BRE, UK.     

建筑工程检测实验室司法鉴定工作管理的探讨

中华人民共和国司法部第107号令发布的《司法鉴定程序通则》已于2007年10月1日起实施,本文就建设工程检测实验室在开展司法鉴定工作时应如何加强管理进行了分析和探讨。     

Residential land attractiveness in an emerging property market: The case of Krasnoyarsk,Russia

The paper discusses the indicators and techniques which can be used in residential land assessment during the transition from a planned to a market economy when a land market is being formed. An analysis of housing market transactions, sociological polls, and an expert study were independently used to grade spatial differences in the residential land attractiveness in the city of Krasnoyarsk in Russia. The research shows that expert evaluations do not truthfully represent the attractiveness of urban environmental qualities in the eyes of potential investors. It is also argued that under certain conditions, sociological polls of the urban population give a better approximation of the prospective residential land market value than administrative and expert assessments. Boris A. Portnov is a researcher at the Center for Desert Architecture and Urban Planning at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker Campus, 84990, Israel. He has his Ph.D. in the field of Urban and Regional Planning. In 1982–87 he was working in Ukraine as a town-planner and as the Head of Town-Building Department of the Ukraine State Project and Design Institute. From 1987 to 1995 he occupied different teaching positions at Krasnoyarsk Civil Engineering Institute of Russia (1987–1990-senior teacher; 1990–1995-professor of the Town-Building Department at the School of Architecture). he is a member of Russia's Architect Professional Union, and an author of two books and more than 70 articles. The field of his activity is urban-planning and rational use of urban lands. Vladimir P. Maslovskiy is an economist, and an Associate Professor of the Department of Economics at the Krasnoyarsk Civil Engineering Institute of Russia. He has a Ph.D. in Applied Economics. He is an author of 30 articles. In 1994 he received a grant from the World Bank for three months studying in Washington D.C. in the framework of the Project-Manager Program.     

更好的厨房有助于能源的更好利用和家庭更加健康

诺贝尔文学奖获得者V．S．奈保尔描述的状况今天在许多发展中国家依然存在。毕竟，厨房在家庭中发挥着非常重要的作用。追溯至原始人类住区的某些最古老的考古遗址，有史以来，厨房的作用就一直如此重要。尽管这样，一直以来，建筑师、工程师和居民都忽视了厨房的作用。     

中国装载机行业发展60年

六十年一甲子、六十年一轮回。中华人民共和国诞生已经60年,60年间中华大地发生了翻天覆地的变化。20世纪50年代,随着国民经济建设的开始,基础设施建设接踵而至,对建筑工程机械的需求越来越大。装载机,特别是轮式     

地铁某盾构区间视频监控摄像头布置研究

为解决盾构区间监控摄像头布置的问题,本文以某盾构区间视频监控摄像头的布置为例,基于专家调查法,充分利用专家的知识和经验,得出地铁盾构区间需要重点监控的区域; 利用层次分析法,将地铁盾构区间监控区域选择的定性问题转化为监控区域重要程度指数的数学问题,从而得出某地铁盾构区间视频监控摄像头需要布置的位置; 再通过采用访谈的方式,向专家、盾构区间施工工人了解摄像头监控区域需要监控的项目和内容,得出盾构区间监控区域视频监控摄像头的监控内容表。通过确定盾构区间监控区域和监控内容,解决视频监控摄像头装而不用的问题,使监控系统发挥其实时掌握现场施工动态,增强施工现场的安全管理,减少安全事故的发生的作用。     

关于取消屋面工程“防水层设计使用年限”的重要意义

2012年10月1日起颁布实施的《屋面工程技术规范》(GB50345-2012),在3.0.5条中已取消了征求意见稿和送审稿中有关"防水层设计使用年限"的规定,笔者作为该条文修改的建议者和规范审查专家,有必要对相关情况进行解读,并对今后如何执行这一条文提出一些看法和建议。     

《〈园冶〉文化论》读后感

《园冶》是一部很难读懂的最古老、最优秀的中国古典园林传统著作。最近出版了一本名为《〈园冶〉文化论》的新书,作者张薇博士具有历史学家、旅游和园林专家的背景,以其广博的学识对《园冶》名著从哲学、文学、艺术、生态学、人居环境、文化风俗等多方面进行了精辟的研析,是一本非常难得的好书。     

浅析海南滨海度假型酒店设计

滨海度假型酒店是海南酒店建筑的典型代表,是发展海南旅游业的重要组成部分。本文试从建筑、景观、技术等专业角度剖析海南度假型酒店的设计方法。在此基础上进行经验总结,以期为同类型的观光度假酒店设计提供一定的参考。     

A prolog-based expert system for encoding seismic design provisions

Provisions from the tentative seismic design code prepared by the Applied Technology Council (ATC3-06) have been selected here for demonstrating how a code of practice can be documented as a PROLOG-based expert system. The significant feature of this expert system is that it has been encoded in a logic programming language, PROLOG (a fifth generation computer programming language). The expert system described in this paper can be considered as a guide to the use of the ATC3-06 provisions and does not cover all the details of the tentative code. The expert system helps the user to establish the design parameters necessary for seismic design in accordance with these provisions. It then uses this interactively-gained information to make recommendations about the appropriate seismic design method to the user. In future, this expert system is to be interfaced with a seismic design package in order to integrate seismic analysis with design decision-making.     

Frameworks for defects diagnosis

As one with long experience and much expertise in identifying causes of dampness in buildings, the author became the 'human expert' for 'knowledge mining' by the knowledge engineers working on an expert system for the subject. The insights he thus gained into diagnostic thinking are reflected here in outlining a framework for systematic diagnosis, first of dampness in buildings and then of building defects in general. Jim Smith is a member of the Building Research Advisory Service of BRE, UK.     

叶琳昌建筑防水创新精语50条

叶琳昌教授是我国知名建筑防水专家。他近60年的建筑生涯,不仅积累了丰富的工程实践经验,同时在建筑防水技术研究以及在市场经济下一些问题的思考,对我国建筑防水行业的发展具有重要意义。由笔者编写的《建筑防水创新与发展—叶琳昌建筑防水创新精语解读》一书,2011年于中国建筑工业出版社出版后,广受读者欢迎。现征得本人同意,将50条精语摘录如下,供参考。     

土木工程专家系统的应用和发展趋势

从专家系统的定义、组成、特点以及专家系统和一般计算机程序的区别、专家系统的开发与应用等方面介绍了专家系统的基本原理。阐述了专家系统在项目评估、诊断、决策和预测、建筑设计及优化、项目管理、施工技术以及一些特殊领域的应用。对土木工程领域专家系统的研究成果和应用情况进行总结和归纳,分析了现有土木工程专家系统存在的几个问题。在此基础上展望了专家系统在土木工程领域的应用和发展趋势,可以预见随着计算机应用的日益普及,专家系统在土木工程领域将有更为广阔的发展前景。     

Marketing without money

The small growing business needs marketing spend as much as a big one, but can seldom afford it. You haven't got the money to throw at the marketing needs, and even if you do, you may not know exactly where to throw it without an expensive expert. Happily, you can achieve a tremendous amount at minimal cost or free. A significant proportion of a marketing budget is consumed by other people's time doing tasks you and your staff could do. Here, the author focuses on a range of ideas specific to business-to-business sales. The author starts with a general point: planning. Small businesses with a plan succeed better than those without one and waste less money. Actually writing down what you're going to do makes it work better because it forces you to clarify your thoughts, quantify your aims and expectations and put dates, costs and names against each activity. The author then discusses the use of billboards, business cards, door-to-door visiting, e-mails, press releases, database marketing and quarterly newsletters for marketing purposes     

A Relational Database Interface for Design Expert Systems

Most of the software so far developed that is based on expert systems uses a rule-based representation of the domain knowledge. Expert System applications in the engineering design process, however, frequently require access to a large static knowledge base that is easily represented in a database. This article presents the details of a relational database module to represent such static knowledge that is callable as a function by a rule-based expert system. The software implemented on a microcomputer using a C compiler, can be accessed by any inference engine with external C function calling capability. It has been used in developing an expert system for the design of steel structural elements.     

可靠性评估知识库的研究与实现

本文应用专家系统实现了对建筑结构知识的表示与分解,并构建了层次关系模型。同时采用因素关系图描述了结构因素层次关系和因果关系,综合考虑了大量影响因素。并以钢筋混凝土单层工业厂房为例,提取其层次实例库与分析体系,以及相应的推理知识,有效的实现了结构的可靠性评估。     

The Talent Code——一万小时天才理论

<正>One famous theory the scientists put forward is"10,000-Hour Rule".The rule says that you need approximately1 10,000 hours of practice to become a world-class expert in a field.There is no other way.If you want to be a world-class expert in your field,you must do your 10,000