用电子束曝光方法在优化设计的绝缘体上硅脊状波导上实现布拉格光栅的制作和评价

报道了一种用电子束曝光的方法在绝缘体上硅的脊状光波导上制做布拉格光栅的技术.考虑到实际的光子学集成的应用,讨论了这个带有布拉格光栅的脊状光波导的优化设计,给出了该布拉格光栅的测试和理论模拟结果.通过薄化绝缘体上硅的波导层的厚度和光栅的深腐蚀加工,获得了高达30cm-1的光栅耦合系数.     

Fabrication and characterization of narrow-band Bragg-reflectionfilters in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides

We describe the design, fabrication and measurement of an integrated-optical Bragg grating filter, operating at a freespace wavelength of 1543 nm, based upon a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) ridge waveguide. The measured spectral response for a 4-mm long grating has a bandwidth of 15 GHz (0.12 nm), and shows good agreement with theoretical predictions     

倾斜耦合的光栅耦合器研究进展

近年来,片上光子集成技术备受关注并飞速发展,但在光纤与芯片、芯片与芯片上实现高效、高可靠性的光耦合仍是难题。光栅因其制作简单,位置灵活,对准容差大及可实现片上测试等一系列优点而备受研究者的关注。目前在绝缘体上硅(SOI)平台和绝缘体上铌酸锂(LNOI)平台上已开发出大量的光栅耦合器件,并获得较高的耦合效率和大带宽。该文主要介绍光栅耦合器的工作原理和主要性能指标,阐述了均匀光栅、倾斜光栅、闪耀光栅和切趾光栅耦合的特点及现阶段进展,并对具有代表性的一维光栅性能指标进行了比较。结果表明,分布式布喇格反射镜和金属反射镜可有效地提升光栅耦合效率。此外,该文还介绍了基于LNOI平台的几种光栅耦合器,其可帮助研究者们梳理光栅耦合器的发展历程、研究现状及各耦合器的特点,为未来研究提供一定的参考。     

Compact Focusing Grating Couplers for Silicon-on-Insulator Integrated Circuits

We report experimental results on compact and broadband focusing grating couplers, both in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and gold on SOI. An eight-fold length reduction of the coupling structure from fiber to photonic wire in SOI, as compared to a linear grating and adiabatic taper, is obtained, without performance penalty. A proof of principle is given for a focusing grating coupler in gold on SOI, with 20% fiber-to-focus efficiency.     

基于光纤Bragg光栅的Fabry-Perot滤波器特性的分析

在分析光纤Bragg光栅Fabry-Perot(F-P)腔特征的基础上,提出了光纤Bragg光栅F-P滤波器的数学模型.利用传输矩阵法对光纤Bragg光栅F-P腔进行了理论分析.通过Matlab仿真工具数值模拟光纤Bragg光栅F-P滤波器的光谱,并对其特性进行了详细分析,得出了决定滤波器传输特性的相关参量及其影响规律.根据光纤Bragg光栅F-P腔的相位谐振条件,推导了光纤光栅F-P腔的腔长与光纤Bragg光栅常数之间的关系,从而为研制基于光纤Bragg光栅的F-P滤波器提供了依据.     

均匀光纤光栅Chirp化及其用于色散补偿实验研究

对均匀光纤光栅进行了线性啁啾（Chirp）化处理,并将由此得到的Chirp光纤光栅用于常规的单模光纤通信系统进行色散补偿,给出了均匀光纤光栅Chirp化原理和实验结果及Chirp光纤光栅色散补偿原理和实验结果。     

光纤布拉格光栅的折射率传感研究

采用光纤布拉格光栅制备折射率传感器,研究光纤光栅的折射率传感灵敏度与其包层直径之间的关系。理论分析可得,光栅包层直径越小,Bragg波长的偏移量随环境折射率变化的影响越大,这样就能使实验中光栅所反射的LD光功率变化(传感灵敏度)越明显。利用氢氟酸溶液腐蚀光栅包层的方法,得到不同包层直径的光纤Bragg光栅折射率传感器。实验指出,包层直径减小时,光栅可传感的折射率范围会缩小,而其折射率的传感灵敏度却会增大,如包层直径为8.9 μm时,折射率的检测范围为1.3872~1.4730,其最大灵敏度值达到了224.0320 dBm/RIU。     

基于侧边抛磨与覆盖材料的光纤光栅温度补偿新方法

提出并演示验证了将负热光系数的聚合物材料覆盖在侧边抛磨光纤光栅的抛磨区实现光纤光栅温度补偿的新方法。实验结果表明,这种新方法的温度补偿效果良好,封装后的光纤光栅处在63～79℃的环境温度时,可使其温度敏感度降低为未补偿时的1/16;当处在58～101℃的环境温度时,其温度敏感度降低为未补偿时的1/4。温度补偿封装后的光纤光栅器件直径只有2mm,长度为20mm。     

Compact and Highly Efficient Grating Couplers Between Optical Fiber and Nanophotonic Waveguides

We present high-efficiency grating couplers for coupling between a single-mode fiber and nanophotonic waveguides, fabricated both in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and InP membranes using BenzoCycloButene wafer bonding. The coupling efficiency is substantially increased by adding a gold bottom mirror to the structures. The measured coupling efficiency to fiber is 69% for SOI grating couplers and 56% for bonded InP membrane grating couplers     

Silicon-on-Insulator-Based Planar Circuit for Passive Optical Network Applications

A novel design of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) filter for passive optical network applications is described. The SOI filter comprises a monolithically integrated planar reflective grating and a multistage Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The fabricated device showed low insertion losses and high optical isolation. To the best of our knowledge, this letter describes the first demonstration of an SOI circuit comprising monolithically integrated planar reflective grating and cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer     

裸光纤Bragg光栅的温度传感特性研究

从理论上分析了光纤Bragg光栅的温度传感原理,并通过实验对裸光纤Bragg光栅的常温温度特性进行了测试。实验结果与理论分析基本一致,证明裸光纤Bragg光栅在常温下的中心波长与温度变化呈良好的线性关系,为其用作温度传感器提供了理论和实验依据。最后,指出了光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器在实际工程化应用中所需要解决的问题。     

A fiber Bragg grating current sensor with temperature compensation

A novel fiber Bragg grating （FBG） current sensor with temperature compensation has been proposed. The fiber Bragg grating is glued on the surface of an isosceles triangle cantilever beam, which has a step thickness along the beam axis. Due to the electromagnetic force created by a solenoid and a permanent magnet mounted on the top of the beam, a step strain is applied on the fiber Bragg grating. The change of the electric current in the solenoid makes the spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating split. By monitoring the shift difference of the two split center wavelengths, which is related to the electric current in the solenoid, a current sensor with temperature compensation is obtained. The test range of 0-400 mA is achieved. The experimental results also show that the relationship between the shift difference of the two split center wavelengths of the FBG and the electric current has a linearity of 0.9937, and the sensitivity is about 2.64 nm/A; the test results are independent of the temoerature, so the cross sensitive problem is solved.     

Transmission Characteristics of Sagnac Loop with Fiber Bragg Grating

A transmission filter composed of a Sagnac loop and a fiber Bragg grating is studied in detail.It is found that the transmission spectrum of this filter is the splitting of the reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg gratings.The filter can behave as a multiple-passband filter when the fiber Bragg grating is strong and as a single-band filter when the fiber Bragg grating is weak.Very narrow transmission filters can be obtained in this way.     

用于FBG解调的AWG芯片的设计、仿真与制备

设计、仿真并制备了一种用于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)解调的阵列波导光栅(AWG)芯片。该芯片基于SOI衬底进行制备,并在AWG的输入/输出波导、阵列波导与平板波导之间采用双刻蚀结构进行优化。经仿真,该AWG的插入损耗为1.5dB,串扰小于 -20dB,3dB带宽为1.5nm。优化后的AWG芯片采用深紫外光刻技术、电感耦合等离子体等技术制备。经测试,该AWG的插入损耗为3dB,串扰小于 -20dB,3dB带宽为2.3nm。搭建了基于该AWG的解调系统,解调实验结果表明,该系统在0.8nm范围内的解调精度可达11.26pm,波长分辨率为6pm。     

Chirped fiber-optic Bragg grating interrogator in a multiplexed Bragg grating sensor configuration

This paper presents a chirped grating interrogator for fiber Bragg grating sensors. The interrogator uses the wavelength dependence of the phase group-delay response of a chirped fiber Bragg grating to determine the Bragg wavelength of the sensor. The sensitivity of the interrogator is determined by the selection of the grating length and the bandwidth. The experimental results demonstrated strain measurements over a range of more than 10 000 /spl mu/m per meter. Multiplexing can be achieved by using an arrayed-waveguide grating that allows the interrogation of more than one grating sensor with a single chirped grating.     

光纤布拉格光栅传感器解调系统

光纤布拉格光栅传感器的核心技术在于波长解调,这也是这种器件能否实用化的关键;本文分析了光纤布拉格光栅作为传感器的独特优势,给出了光纤布拉格光栅传感的基本原理;对近几年来国内外研究工作者所用到的波长解调方法如匹配解调法、可调谐激光器法、干涉法、滤波法等做了详细的介绍,阐述了相应的系统设计方案,并对各种方法的优、缺点进行了分析和访论;叙述了光纤光栅传感器在桥梁、大坝等大型建筑结构健康检测方面应用的实例。最后访论了光纤光栅传感器在进一步实用化中需要解决的难题,并展望了光纤光栅传感器的前景。     

Bragg gratings in multimode and few-mode optical fibers

Bragg gratings in optical fibers in multimode propagation are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Bragg gratings formed in optical fibers in multimode propagation show multiple reflection peaks or multiple transmission dips in the reflection or transmission spectra, respectively. For standard graded-index multimode fiber, the number of reflection peaks of a Bragg grating depends on excitation condition of propagating modes. The number of reflection peaks of a Bragg grating at around 1.55 μm is 19 for highly multimode excitation and 3-4 for lower order mode excitation. We analyze the phase-matching conditions of the propagating modes and identify half of the reflection peaks as the reflection to the same mode and the rest as the reflection to the neighboring modes. In dispersion-shifted fiber, a Bragg grating at around 0.8 μm in three-mode propagation shows three reflection peaks in the reflection spectrum. The temperature dependence of each reflection peak is similar to that of a conventional Bragg grating in single-mode fiber. Polarization dependence measured on a Bragg grating in multimode graded-index fiber is negligible. An advantage of Bragg gratings in multimode fiber (MMF) and the applications are discussed     

健康监测系统中光纤传感器网络优化布置研究

针对健康监测系统中不合理的传感器布置将影响传感器数据采集的有效性,降低监测系统的精度,以基于光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器网络的结构健康监测系统为研究对象,采用逐步积累法,对系统中传感器网络的优化排布方法进行了研究。首先采用Ansys力学仿真软件建立了试验件的有限元模型并进行了加载试验,然后采用仿真获得的数据对传感器排布位置进行了优化,最后按照仿真研究获得的传感器优化位置在试验件上进行了试验研究。结果表明,试验同仿真结果具有很好的一致性,相对于原始传感器网络的排布方案,在相同的系统监测精度下,优化后的传感器排布方案可以采用更少的传感器;如果采用相同数量的传感器,优化后的传感器排布方案可以获得更高的监测精度。     

光纤光栅传感系统信号解调技术的研究

光纤光栅传感是光纤光栅的重要应用之一,波长信号的解调是实现光纤光栅传感网络的关键。介绍了布喇格光纤光栅(FBG)传感的基本原理,对比FBG说明了长周期光纤光栅(LPG)的特点。阐述了基于长周期光栅的布喇格光纤光栅的解调技术,详细阐述了用长周期光纤光栅来解调布喇格光纤光栅的具体方案及技术。     

基于LSPR的非贵金属纳米薄膜厚度的精确测量

纳米金属薄膜厚度的无损测量是薄膜设计和制备 的关键技术,对非贵金属薄膜厚度 的测量尤为困难。本文首次提出用中红外3.39 μm激光波长并设计棱 镜—匹配液—待测金属 薄膜—玻璃衬底结构来激发长程表面等离子波。计算了长程表面等离子波的衰减全反射和表 面等离子共振吸收峰的半宽度,结果表明长程表面等离子波半宽度只有表面等离波的4.7%, 可以有效提高测量的灵敏度。通过实验测量表明:衰减全反射吸收峰的最小值在10 nm厚 度范围内测量曲线显示了较好的线性,铁薄膜厚度的测量范围为10 －90 nm,测量分辨率可 达到1nm。研究发现通过改变匹配液厚度和折射率,还可以用来测量其它非贵金属薄膜厚度 ,大大拓展了该测量方法应用范围,为非贵金属薄膜厚度的测量提供了一种全新的技术检测 线路。