利用水淬磷渣研制陶瓷墙地砖

以水淬磷渣为溶剂,添加其它矿物原料,采用二次烧成方法,研制成功釉面砖;采用一次烧成方法,研制成功瓷质外墙砖。各种理化性能达到国标要求。     

利用磷渣制备复合材料研究

采用工业固体废弃物磷渣作为主原料制备复合材料,研究了氢氧化钠(NaOH)用量(%)、硅酸钠(Na2SiO3)用量(%)、水(H2O)用量(%)、胶集比(C/S)以及压制压力对复合材料性能的影响。研究结果表明以活化磷渣作为胶凝粉体,以原状磷渣作为集料进行复合,并通过湿热养护工艺可制备出综合性能比C60混凝土、天然石材、蒸压砖更优异的复合材料。     

利用锰渣制备陶瓷墙地砖试验研究

在对锰渣进行系统的矿物组成、化学成分分析基础上,研究了利用锰渣作为墙地砖原料的可行性,并从原料配方、工艺过程等方面进行了试验,成功地将除锰、铁后的酸浸锰残渣引入陶瓷墙地砖生产中,为锰渣这一工业废弃物的资源化利用开辟了一条有效的利用途径.     

低温低渣防腐磷化工艺研究

研究了低温低渣防腐磷化工艺,通过添加促进剂、络合剂和活化剂,磷化温度降低至５０－６０℃,沉渣量减少６０％。解决了高温防腐磷化溶液成分不、零件表面挂灰严重等问题。磷化膜性能达到了了防腐磷化标准,可取代高温磷化工艺。     

利用铅渣和磷渣配料提高熟料质量

0 引言 我公司于2000年3月采用铅渣和磷渣作矿化剂进行配料试烧,使熟料安定性月合格率由原来的60％提高到85％以上,熟料月平均标号从61.0MPa提高到67.0MPa以上,产量也有明显的提高。现结合我公司的实际情况谈一谈采用这两种工业废渣在立窑煅烧中取得的一些效果,供同行参考。     

利用水淬磷渣研制陶瓷墙地砖

以水淬磷渣为熔剂,添加其它矿物原料,采用二次烧成方法,研制成功釉面砖;采用一次烧成方法,研制成功瓷质外墙砖。各种理化性能达到国标要求。     

利用低温氯化渣制备发泡多孔陶瓷材料研究

为了提高低温氯化渣的烧结成瓷效果,以低温氯化渣为主要原料,结合剂选择铝酸盐水泥和白泥,烧结促进剂选择氧化铝微粉,采用半干法打击成型,研究了白泥、铝酸盐水泥和Al2O3微粉对低温氯化渣烧结性能的影响,试验表明:添加白泥、铝酸盐水泥和Al2O3微粉有利于低温氯化渣的烧结,可以提高低温氯化渣的烧结强度.选择木屑作为造孔剂,采用浇注成型方法制备发泡多孔陶瓷材料,试验表明:煅烧温度在1050℃,白泥添加量为30％,铝酸盐水泥添加量为5％,造孔剂添加量为7％,制得的低温氯化渣多孔陶瓷材料的吸水率为30％,强度为5 MPa,可以满足建筑墙体材料的使用要求.     

磷渣制备轻质陶粒的初步研究

以磷渣为主要原料,添加一定量的粘土及煤粉制备轻质陶粒,实验结果表明：轻质陶粒适宜的配比为磷渣70%（120～140目）,粘土30%（100～120目）,以及外掺5%煤粉作为发泡剂。该制品的性能指标满足GB/T17431.1-2010中密度等级为800的强度要求。     

木材陶瓷和Si粉原位反应烧结制备多孔SiC的研究

以椴木木粉、硅粉和酚醛树脂为原料 ,先低温碳化制成木材陶瓷 ,然后利用高温原位反应烧结工艺制成了具有椴木微观结构的多孔SiC陶瓷。借助TGA研究了木粉和酚醛树脂的热分解行为。用XRD和SEM研究了木材陶瓷和多孔SiC陶瓷的物相组成和微观结构 ,用压汞法对木材陶瓷和多孔SiC的孔径分布进行了表征。研究了碳化温度、碳化速率、酚醛树脂用量、SiC含量和成型压力等因素对多孔SiC弯曲强度和孔隙率的影响。结果显示 :木材陶瓷为部分石墨化的无定形碳 ,多孔SiC由主晶相 β SiC和 10 %± 0 .5 % (体积分数 )的游离Si组成。木材陶瓷和多孔SiC具有类似于初始木材的多孔微观结构 ,孔径主要集中于 10～ 60 μm。在优化的工艺条件下 ,获得了孔隙率大于 5 0 % ,弯曲强度约为 13MPa的多孔SiC陶瓷     

木粉/环氧树脂木材陶瓷的制备与研究

以香杉木粉和环氧树脂为原料制备了木材陶瓷,利用TGA对木粉、环氧树脂的热分解过程进行了研究,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射技术对木材陶瓷的微观结构和物相进行表征,研究了碳化温度对木材陶瓷得碳率、体积收缩率、耐磨性的影响.实验结果证明通过该工艺制备木材陶瓷的可行性,木材陶瓷是一种由木粉生成的无定形碳和环氧树脂生成的玻璃态碳组成的多孔碳素材料.随着碳化温度的升高,木材陶瓷结构越趋于有序化,得碳率降低,体积收缩率增大,耐磨性略有升高.     

直接合成法制备Al2O3-TiO2-ZrO2质高温陶瓷材料的研究

采用直接合成法制备了Al2O3-TiO2-ZrO2质高温陶瓷材料(简称ATE材料)。研究了不同ZrO2含量、不同稳定度的ZrO2对ATE材料性能的影响。证明随着ZrO2含量的提高，ATE材料的体积密度增大，显气孔率、吸水率明显降低，ZrO2含量以50％-70％为宜。随着ZrO2稳定状态的增强，合成ATE材料的热膨胀系数降低，ATE材料的热稳定性增强。     

低温氧化石墨制备技术研究

采用Hummers法、硫酸/磷酸法和反应釜法3种化学氧化法制备氧化石墨,在超声情况下,将氧化石墨分散于水中制备氧化石墨烯。采用X衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对所得氧化石墨、氧化石墨烯分别进行表征。并对制备氧化石墨的3种化学氧化过程进行对比分析,结果表明,Hummers法在高温阶段有红色刺激性气体放出,且发生喷溅现象。硫酸/磷酸法和反应釜法是在低温条件下进行,制备过程比Hummers法安全、环保。氧化石墨XRD结果表明,3种化学氧化法中氧化程度最好的是硫酸/磷酸法,其次是反应釜法,最后是Hummers法。氧化石墨烯SEM结果表明,氧化石墨经超声处理后剥离成为氧化石墨烯纳米片。     

Low temperature preparation of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics with high permittivity and low dielectric loss

Low temperature preparation of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ ceramics with large permittivity is of practical interest for cofired multilayer ceramic capacitors. Although CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ ceramics have been prepared at low temperatures as previously reported, they have rather low permittivity. This work demonstrates that CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ ceramics can not only be prepared at low temperatures, but they also have large permittivity. Herein, CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ ceramics were prepared by the solid state reaction method using B₂O₃ as the doping substance. It has been shown that B₂O₃ dopant can considerably lower the calcination and sintering temperatures to 870 °C and 920 °C, respectively. The relative permittivity of the low temperature prepared CaCu₃Ti_4−xB_xO₁₂ ceramics is about 5 times larger than the previously reported results in the literature. Furthermore, the dielectric loss of the CaCu₃Ti_4−xB_xO₁₂ ceramics is found to be as low as 0.03. This work provides a beneficial base for the future commercial applications of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ ceramics with large permittivity for the cofired multilayer ceramic capacitors.     

低温喷雾干燥制备胰岛素缓释微球的试验研究

采用低沸点溶剂喷雾干燥法制备了胰岛素缓释微球，并从外观形态、粒径分布、包封率、体外释放、热学特性等方面考察了微球的性能。结果表明，胰岛素微球粒径分布较窄，具有较高的包封率，且该方法制备方便、生产效率高，易于实现工业化生产。     

Three-dimensional inkjet printing and low temperature sintering of silica-based ceramics

The conventional LTCC fabrication route requires a series of costly molding equipment and a complicated manufacturing process. If it is achievable to fabricate ceramics using three-dimensional inkjet printing (IJP) technology, it is anticipated that LTCC components could be designed as a more efficient and flexible additive manufacturing route using IJP technology to co-print ceramic and conductive layers and co-fire them. This research represents the first attempt to utilize IJP technology in the field of LTCC, where we developed a stable SiO₂-H₃BO₃ nanoceramic ink that can be continuously printed through a piezoelectric nozzle with an array of spray holes. The ink was supplemented with selected photosensitive resins to facilitate the curing of the printed layer under ultraviolet light irradiation. Green bodies are sintered at 950° for two hours to obtain ceramic sheets with good surface flatness and microscopic sintering degrees. The tested samples have an ultra-low dielectric constant (ε_r) of about 2.485 and a low dielectric loss (tan δ) of about 0.0038 (at 1 MHz), while being stable at high temperatures (< 400°) and high frequencies (< 10 GHz), indicating its ability to match the required dielectric properties required for microwave dielectric substrates.     

Effect of manganese oxide on the sintered properties and low temperature degradation of Y-TZP ceramics

The sinterability of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) containing small amounts of MnO₂ as sintering aid was investigated over the temperature range of 1250–1500 °C. Sintered samples were evaluated to determine bulk density, Young's modulus, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness. In addition, the tetragonal phase stability of selected samples was evaluated by subjecting the samples to hydrothermal ageing in superheated steam at 180 °C/10 bar for up to 24 h. The results showed that the addition of MnO₂, particularly ≥0.3 wt% was effective in aiding densification, improving the matrix stiffness and hardness when compared to the undoped Y-TZP sintered at temperatures below 1350 °C. On the other hand, the fracture toughness of Y-TZP was unaffected by MnO₂ addition except for the 1 wt% MnO₂-doped Y-TZP samples sintered above 1400 °C. The hydrothermal ageing resistance of Y-TZP was significantly improved with the additions of MnO₂ in the Y-TZP matrix.     

水泥窑纯低温余热发电控制系统

根据水泥窑纯低温余热发电系统工艺特点,通过分析系统的总体结构和重要回路的控制方法,给出一套基于PROFIBUS现场总线协议的水泥窑纯低温余热发电集散控制系统(DCS)。(1)应用三冲量控制策略,实现锅炉水位在扰动幅度很大的情况下稳定控制;(2)为使系统可靠运行,现场控制站采用双机热备方式。经在某水泥窑余热电厂具体实施表明:该系统实现了全厂的集中管理和分散控制,在降低成本、简化维护及管理的同时,提高了系统的可靠性、稳定性和实时性,并在实际应用中取得了良好效果。     

油脂的低温低压氢化技术及助剂的研究

在有助剂和催化剂的作用下，采取低温、低压加氢技术。使氢化工艺能达到低温、低压、短氢化时间、氢化过程更加完善的目的。     

Characterization and analysis of high-entropy boride ceramics sintered at low temperature

Multicomponent transition metal boride composite–sintered bodies were prepared by spark plasma sintering, and the composite sintered bodies prepared at different sintering temperatures (1500–1900°C) were characterized. The experimental results showed that several other compounds diffused into the TiB_x phase at lower sintering temperatures under the combined effect of temperature and pressure due to the nonstoichiometric ratio of TiB_1.5 vacancies. When the temperature reached 1900°C, only the hexagonal phase remained. With the continuous increase of sintering temperature, the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the sintered bodies had a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, due to the continuous reduction of the porosity of the cross section of the sintered bodies and the growth of the grain size. The Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of sintered body obtained at 1800°C are the best, which are 24.4 ± 1.8 GPa and 5.9 ± 0.2 MPa m^1/2. At 1900°C, the sintered body was a single-phase hexagonal high-entropy diboride. Its Vickers hardness and fracture toughness were 21.9 ± 1.5 GPa and 5.4 ± 0.2 MPa m^1/2, respectively; it showed a clear downward trend.     

Fabrication and characterization of medium-entropy carbide ceramics in low temperature sintering

The medium-entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C_0.8 ceramics were prepared by sparking plasma sintering at temperatures between 1400 and 1700°C. The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the medium-entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C_0.8 ceramics were investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to confirm the formation of single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution of the medium-entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C_0.8 ceramics prepared at a sintering temperature of 1600°C. It was found that the mechanical properties of the material were improved by solid solution strengthening during the formation of single-phase FCC solid solution, and the best overall performance of the medium-entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C_0.8 ceramics was achieved at 1600°C, when the hardness value was 22.3 ± 1.8 GPa, the fracture toughness was 5.7 ± 0.8 MPa·m^1/2, the flexural strength was 605 ± 4 MPa, and the compressive strength was 1.84 GPa. Most importantly, the addition of TiC_0.4 promoted the diffusion among the elements of the medium-entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C_0.8 ceramics, which contributed to the formation of single-phase FCC solid solution and significantly reduced the sintering temperature of the medium-entropy carbide (W,Ti,V)C_0.8 ceramics due to the effect of vacancies. This study provides a new idea for the preparation of medium-entropy carbide ceramics.