TiO2／SiO2核壳结构微粒的合成及超疏水防紫外线功能织物的制备

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在纳米TiO2表面包覆SiO2壳层,制备TiO2／SiO2核壳结构复合微粒,并将其负载在涤纶织物上,然后对织物进行疏水化处理,得到具有超疏水和防紫外线双重功能的织物．采用透射电子显微镜对复合微粒进行了表征;采用扫描电子显微镜对涤纶及处理后的涤纶织物的表面形貌进行了观察;采用视频光学接触角测量仪对涤纶织物表面的润湿性能进行测试;对织物超疏水性能的稳定性以及织物的紫外线防护性能进行了研究．结果表明：TiO2／SiO2复合微粒在纤维表面的负载不仅极大地提高了纤维表面的粗糙性,有利于超疏水表面的形成,并且由于TiO2的引入使织物获得了良好的紫外线防护性能;SiO2壳层对TiO2的包覆降低了TiO2的光催化作用,从而有效地提高了超疏水表面的紫外光照射稳定性．     

Synthesis of polypyrrole nanoparticles by microemulsion polymerization for photocatalysis

The photocatalytic properties of polypyrrole nanoparticles prepared by W/O microemulsion method were reported. During the photodegradation of Orange II and Methyl Orange as organic dyes in UV/H₂O₂ and UV irradiation systems using polypyrrole nanoparticles as photocatalyst, the latter performances special photocatalytic activity towards to above dyes in both UV and UV/H₂O₂ system. In detail, its photocatalytic activity is 5.17 and 4.82 times higher than normal polypyrrole composites in UV/Orange II and UV/MO system relatively. The size of polypyrrole nanoparticles characterized by TEM is 200–400 nm with good dispersity. The further measurement by accelerated surface area and porosimetry system shows such nanoparticles have a specific surface area of 1.47 m²/g compared to normal polypyrrole of 0.22 m²/g. This conjugated polymer characterized by FTIR spectroscopies before and after photocatalytic reactions shows reliable chemical stability. In addition, it holds excellent recovery ability and keeps up their catalytic activity within distinctive drop after six repeated utilization.     

棉织物的紫外透过特性研究

对纤维制品的紫外透过性能进行测试,比较了棉织物和其它纤维织物之间以及不同组织结构、不同前处理的棉织物之间紫外透过性能的差异.结果显示：相对于蚕丝和涤纶,棉纤维在紫外波段无明显吸收,紫外透过量较高;不同组织结构和不同前处理的棉织物的紫外透过性能存在差异,这种差异对抗紫外整理效果有重要影响：针织物和密度较低的梭织物因开孔率高,不仅紫外透过率高,而且抗紫外整理效果也差;经过增白处理的织物其紫外透过特性会发生变化,变化的趋势取决于增白剂的种类和结构;一氯均三嗪活性染料和其他着色物质的存在通常能大幅度降低棉的紫外透过率,因此,染色棉织物尤其是染深色的棉织物不是抗紫外整理的主要对象.     

聚噻吩/壳聚糖层层自组装织物制备及性能研究

研究了以聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸和壳聚糖进行静电层层自组装整理,得到具有防紫外、导电功能的棉织物。采用聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)和壳聚糖(CS)通过静电层层自组装技术对棉织物进行表面改性,并研究其导电、防紫外线性能。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外分析光谱(FTIR)及表面染色色深(K/S值)分析改性棉织物的表观形态结构;采用紫外线防护系数(UPF)评估防紫外线性能,采用两探针法测量织物表面导电性能并得到相应的IV曲线。研究表明:经石墨烯改性后的棉织物展现出超强的紫外线防护性,其导电性能也有相应的提高。组装5次,改性织物的UPF值达到92.39,远高于未处理棉织物(UPF=9.37)。另外,仅组装5次,改性棉织物的表面电阻率由未处理棉织物的7.19×10~7Ω·m降到4.4×10~2Ω·m。     

Completely green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles stabilized by soy protein isolate under UV irradiation

A completely green pathway for the preparation of Ag nanoparticles was proposed, by using soy protein isolate (SPI) as stabilizer under UV irradiation and H2O as the environmentally benign solvent throughout the preparation. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential characterization results indicated that the Ag nanoparticles were stable and well dispersed with an average diameter about 13 nm, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of SPI/Ag composite nanoparticles confirmed the formation of metallic silver. UV-Vis spectrum showed that the Ag nanoparticles dispersion solution had the maximum absorbance at about 430 nm due to surface plasmon resonance of the Ag nanoparticles. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the polypeptide backbone of SPI was not cleaved during the conjugation process and that some active amino groups were oxidized. The SPI/Ag composite nanoparticles have excellent antibacterial activity against two representative bacteria, staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and escherichia coli (Gram negative) in the presence of SPI.     

活性染料湿摩擦牢度提升剂的工艺研究与应用

采用自制的活性染料湿摩擦牢度提升剂用于活性染料中、深色染色织物,分析了影响湿摩擦牢度提升剂性能的各种应用工艺(包括固色剂用量、固色浴pH、预烘温度、焙烘温度),确定了最佳处理工艺为:湿摩擦牢度提升剂40g/l、pH6～7、预烘温度100℃×4min、焙烘温度120℃×3min。研究表明,在最佳处理工艺条件下,使用自制的湿摩擦牢度提升剂,固色后织物的耐摩擦牢度提升了1级,且色光变化较小,有利于工厂对色。     

反应型水性聚氨酯固色剂的固色工艺研究

使用自制的反应型水性聚氨酯固色剂,用浸轧法对活性染料染色后的纯棉织物进行了固色整理.通过选用不同的固色剂用量、焙烘温度、焙烘时间、轧液率,探讨了影响该反应型水性聚氨酯固色剂固色效果的因素,得到了最佳的固色工艺,即二浸二轧（固色剂用量为80g/L,整理液pH控制在6～7,轧液率80%）→烘干→焙烘（150℃×3min）.该固色剂能明显提高染色织物的耐摩擦色牢度和耐水洗色牢度,其固色效果与市售固色剂基本相当,且不影响染色织物的色光.     

ZnO films on transferable and low thermal resistance graphite substrate grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

ZnO thin films were deposited on graphite substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method with Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 ·2H 2 O aqueous solution as precursor. The crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of the as-grown ZnO films were investigated systematically as a function of deposition temperature and growth time. Near-band edge ultraviolet(UV) emission was observed in room temperature photoluminescence spectra for the optimized samples, yet the usually observed defect related deep level emissions were nearly undetectable, indicating that high optical quality ZnO thin fi lms could be achieved via this ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Considering the features of transferable and low thermal resistance of the graphite substrates, the achievement will be of special interest for the development of high-power semiconductor devices with suffi cient power durability.     

Preparation and characterization of natural rubber/silica nanocomposites using rule of similarity in latex

Rule of similarity and latex compounding techniques were combined for the first time to prepare natural rubber/nanosilica (NR/SiO₂) nanocomposite with core-shell nanosilica-poly (methyl methacrylate) (SiO₂-PMMA) particles and PMMA-modified natural rubber matrix (NR-PMMA). The microstructure of SiO₂ and nanocomposites with different SiO₂ contents was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); the morphology of nanocomposites was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the tensile strength was characterized by tensile testing machine and the thermal stability of composites was studied by thermal gravimetric analysis. Results showed that PMMA chains have successfully grafted onto the surface of SiO₂, and the core-shell SiO₂-PMMA nanoparticles and NR-PMMA latex have been perfectly incorporated. SiO₂-PMMA nanoparticles are evenly distributed over the NR matrix with an average size in the range of 60–100 nm at the low content (SiO₂≤ 3 wt%), while aggregations are apparently observed when 5 wt% SiO₂ is loaded. In addition, NR/SiO₂ composities possess a considerable improvement in ageing resistance compared with the pure NR. The tensile strength of composite increases from 6.99 to 12.72 MPa, reaching the highest value at a 0.5 wt% SiO₂ loading, and then the figure decreases gradually because of the aggregation of SiO₂ nanoparticles. It is anticipated that the reported process is to provide a simple and economic way for preparing NR composites.     

纤维素酶洗涤对提高涤棉织物易去污性的作用机理

为探明纤维素酶洗涤提高含棉织物易去污性的机理，采用滴水法、马丁代尔磨擦一扫描电镜联合分析法、XRD分析和铜值法等测试分析技术对涤棉织物经纤维素酶洗涤后的润湿性、耐磨性、表面形态、结晶度、亲水基团含量等理化性能进行分析表征。结果表明：经纤维素酶洗涤后，棉纤维表面发生脆损，涤棉织物的耐磨性下降，在外力作用下易使织物表面的纤维脱落从而带走污垢；同时，纤维素酶洗涤使棉纤维的结晶度有所下降，纤维素大分子的β-1，4-甙键部分切断形成醛基，从而提高了棉纤维的亲水性，增加了涤棉织物的润湿性，进而使涤棉织物的易去污性得以改善。     

Microwave sintering of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-WC-Co cermets

Composite powders of nanocrystalline WC-10Co (15wt%),Y2O3 (8mol%) stabilized nanocrystalline ZrO2 (30wt%),industrial cobalt powder (4.5wt%) and submicron Al2O3 (55wt%) composite powders were fabricated by high-energy ball-milling process.The nanocomposite powders were consolidated by microwave sintering process at temperature ranged 1300℃-1550℃ for 15min,respectively.The optimum consolidation conditions,such as temperature,were researched during microwave sintering process.Vickers Hardness of the consolidated cermets was measured by using a Vickers indentation test,and density of specimens was also determined by Archimedes’ principle.Microwave sintering process could not only increase the density of Al2O3-ZrO2-WC-Co cermets and reduce the porosity,but also inhibit abnormal grain growth.     

氧化锌/环氧树脂基透明纳米复合材料固化动力学研究

利用动态差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了氧化锌/环氧树脂（ZnO/EP）体系的固化过程,考察了ZnO纳米颗粒对环氧树脂固化反应动力学的影响。采用Kissinger法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法和Crane公式计算了体系的反应活化能、频率因子及反应级数等固化反应参数。结果表明：ZnO纳米颗粒的加入使环氧树脂的理论凝胶温度降低而理论固化温度升高;同时,降低了固化反应活化能,降低程度随固化反应过程的深入逐渐减小;另外,固化反应的反应级数基本不变。这说明纳米ZnO的加入对固化反应有一定的促进作用,但不改变环氧树脂固化反应机理。     

棉织物水热法纳米二氧化钛表面改性

采用水热合成技术,使用硫酸钛和尿素直接在棉织物纤维表面包覆纳米TiO2颗粒薄膜.借助SEM、XRD、FT-IR、DSC和TG对棉纤维改性前、后的表面形貌、结构和热学性能进行了表征,并测定了织物反射光谱、拉伸、吸水和光催化活性.研究结果表明,棉织物经过硫酸钛尿素水热改性之后,纤维表面包覆了一层锐钛矿型纳米TiO2颗粒薄膜,由平均粒径2.0 nm的纳米颗粒聚集成100 nm以上的球形颗粒,并通过物理吸附方式附着在纤维表面.改性后的织物热起始分解温度和吸热熔融峰温度均有所降低.具有抗紫外线能力和光催化活性,吸水性能也有所增强,但由于织物尺寸发生收缩,断裂强力有所减小,断裂伸长率有所增加.     

Influence of argon gas pressure on the ZnO:Al films deposited on flexible TPT substrates at room temperature by magnetron sputtering

Aluminium doped ZnO thin films(ZnO︰Al) were deposited on transparent polymer substrates at room temperature by rf magnetron sputtering method from a ZnO target with Al2O3 of 2.0 wt%. Argon gas pressure varied from 0.5 Pa to 2.5 Pa with radio frequency power of 120 W. XRD results showed that all the ZnO︰Al films had a polycrystalline hexagonal structure and a (002) preferred orientation with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. The grain sizes of the films were 6.3-14.8 nm.SEM images indicated the ZnO︰Al film with low Argon gas pressure was denser and the deposition rate of the films depended strongly on the Argon gas pressure, increasing firstly and then decreasing with increasing the pressure. The highest deposition rate was 5.2 nm/min at 1 Pa. The optical transmittance of the ZnO︰Al films increased and the blue shift of the absorption edge appeared when the Argon gas pressure increased. The highest transmittance of obtained ZnO︰Al films at 2.5 Pa was about 85% in the visible region. The electrical properties of the films were worsened with the increase of the Argon gas power from 1 Pa to 2.5 Pa. The resistivity of obtained film at 1.0 Pa was 2.79×10-2 Ω·cm.     

Hydrothermal preparation and photocatalytic water splitting properties of ZrW<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>8</Subscript>

ZrW₂O₈ was prepared by adjusting Zr:W mole ratio and HCl concentration in hydrothermal reaction processes. The obtained sample was crystallized in α-ZrW₂O₈ phase (cubic, P2₁3), with band gap energy of 4.0 eV. The properties of photocatalytic water splitting were examined under UV light irradiation. The average rate of H₂ evolution over 0.3wt% Pt/ZrW₂O₈ in the presence of CH₃OH as electron donor (ED) was 23.4 μmol/h, while the average rate of O₂ evolution over ZrW₂O₈ in the presence of AgNO₃ as electron scavenger (ES) was 9.8 μ mol/h. Moreover, H₂ was evolved over 0.3wt% Pt/ZrW₂O₈ from pure water splitting at a rate of 5.2 μ mol/h. The study indicated that the band structure of ZrW₂O₈ was suitable for reducing H⁺ to H₂ and oxidizing H₂O to O₂. The band structure and photocatalytic water splitting properties of ZrW₂O₈, different from either ZrO₂ (5.0 eV) or WO₃ (2.7 eV), were attributed to the hybridization of W5d and Zr4d in conduction band (CB) as well as the change in crystal structure.     

Characteristics of non-magnetic nanoparticles in magnetically fluidized bed by adding coarse magnets

The fluidization behavior of SiO₂, ZnO and TiO₂ non-magnetic nanoparticles was investigated in a magnetically fluidized bed (MFB) by adding coarse magnets. The effects of both the amount of coarse magnets and the magnetic field intensity on the fluidization quality of these nanoparticles were investigated. The results show that the coarse magnets added to the bed lead to a reduction in the size of the aggregates formed naturally by the primary nanoparticles. As the macroscopic performances of improved fluidization quality, the bed expansion ratio increases whilst the minimum fluidization velocity decreases with increasing the magnetic field intensity, but for TiO₂ nanoparticles there exists a suitable magnetic field intensity of 0.059 6 T. The optimal amounts of coarse magnets for SiO₂, ZnO and TiO₂ non-magnetic nanoparticles are 40%, 50% and 60% (mass fraction), respectively. The bed expansion results analyzed by the Richardson-Zaki scaling law show that the exponents depend on both the amount of coarse magnets and the magnetic field intensity.     

Fluorescence detection for H<Subscript>2</Subscript>PO<Subscript>4</Subscript><Superscript>-</Superscript> based on carbon dots/Fe<Superscript>3+</Superscript> composite

A novel fluorescent probe for H₂PO₄ ^- was designed and fabricated based on the carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite. The carbon dots were synthesized by an established one-pot hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, UV-Vis absorption spectrometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite was obtained by aqueous mixing of carbon dots and FeCl₃, and its fluorescence property was characterized by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The fluorescence of carbon dots was quenched by aqueous Fe³⁺ cations, resulting in the low fluorescence intensity of the carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite. On the other hand, H₂PO₄ ^- reduced the concentration of Fe³⁺ by chemical reaction and enhanced the fluorescence of the carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite. The Stern-Volmer equation was introduced to describe the relation between the relative fluorescence intensity of the carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite and the concentration of H₂PO₄ ^-, and a fine linearity (R ²=0.997) was found in the range of H₂PO₄ ^- concentration of 0.4-12 mM.     

脱脂棉纤维增强壳聚糖棒材

以三氟乙酸在无水条件下溶解脱脂棉纤维,在壳聚糖的醋酸溶液中析出.脱脂棉纤维均匀稳定地分散在粘稠的壳聚糖溶液中,采用原位沉析法制备得到脱脂棉纤维增强的具有层状叠加结构的壳聚糖棒材.经力学性能测试表明,当脱脂棉的质量分数为02%时,复合棒材的弯曲强度达1368 MPa,与纯壳聚糖棒材相比提高了48%.SEM表明,脱脂棉纤维与壳聚糖基体界面结合性能好,复合棒材在受到外力作用时,壳聚糖基体传递应力,而脱脂棉纤维可以有效承担外界应力的作用,从而使得微量的脱脂棉纤维有效地提高了壳聚糖棒材的弯曲强度,该材料有望用于临床骨折内固定.     

Fabrication of W@Cu composite powders by direct electroless plating using a dripping method

A direct electroless copper (Cu) coating on tungsten powders method requiring no surface treatment or stabilizing agent and using glyoxylic acid (C₂H₂O₃) as a reducing agent was reported. The effects of copper sulfate concentration and the pH of the plating solution on the properties of the prepared W@Cu composite powders were assessed. The content of Cu in the composite powders was controlled by adjusting the concentration of copper sulfate in the electroless plating solution. A uniform, dense, and consistent Cu coating was obtained under the established optimum conditions (flow rate of C₂H₂O₃ = 5.01 mL/min, solution pH = 12.25 and reaction temperature 45.35 °C) by using central composite design method. In addition, the crystalline Cu coating was evenly dispersed within the W@Cu composite powders and Cu element in the coating existed as Cu0. The formation mechanism for the W@Cu composite powders by electroless plating in the absence of surface treatment and stabilizing agent was also proposed.     

丝光棉针织物的酶处理工艺研究

主要研究了经丝光整理的棉针织面料在纤维素酶处理下的织物风格,对比了不同酶处理：[艺条件下丝光棉针织物的失重率、柔软度、滑爽度、顶破强力．研究表明：经生物酶处理的丝光棉针织面料在柔软度、滑爽度等方面都得到了相应的改善．酶处理的最佳一艺条件为：温度55℃、时间1h、pH值5．5、酶用量2wt％．