聚合铝硅复合混凝剂的制备与性能研究

以聚合氯化铝（PAC）和水玻璃为原料采用复合共聚的方法成功地研制了达到商品化浓度、高效稳定的聚合氯化铝硅（PASC）复合混凝剂。对制备PASC工艺中聚硅酸（PSA）的浓度、pH值、聚合活化时间、聚合氯化铝盐基度等工艺参数进行了选择与优化;并对PASC和PAC进行了长江水的混凝性能实验,结果表明PASC具有更优异的混凝性能：采用显微电泳实验和超滤实验对PASC混凝剂的混凝机理进行了初步探讨。     

用铁矿石制备聚硅硫酸铁混凝剂及其混凝性能研究

以铁矿石为原料,通过煅烧酸浸法制备出硫酸铁,再以硫酸铁和硅酸钠为原料,制备了无机高分子混凝剂聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS).研究了PFSS的制备工艺条件,以及PFSS投加量和废水pH对混凝效果的影响.研究结果表明:用PFSS处理工业废水,其对废水COD、浊度、色度的去除率明显好于聚合硫酸铁(PFS).PFSS适宜的制备工艺条件:二氧化硅质量分数为3%,硅酸活化时间为40 min,硅酸活化pH为2,铁与硅物质的量比为0.50.     

聚硅酸铁镁絮凝剂制备及其脱色作用的研究

在聚硅酸中同时引入镁盐和三价铁盐,制备出聚硅酸铁镁絮凝剂(PMFS).将其用于对染料废水的脱色研究.结果表明,其絮凝性能及稳定性受硅含量、n(Si):n(M)、n(Fe):n(Mg)以及碱用量等因素的影响,SiO<,2>浓度为0.2 moFL、n(Si):n(M)=1、n(Fe):n(Mg)=0.5、n(OH):n=(M)=0时,其脱色效果明显优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)等传统絮凝剂.     

无机高分子复合絮凝剂PFSS的制备与性能研究

研究了无机高分子复合絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁 (PFSS)的制备与絮凝性能。通过对SiO2 的质量分数、铁硅量比、PFSS的 pH值、硅酸活化时间等因素的调整和控制 ,制备出性能优异的絮凝剂。研究结果表明 :w(SiO2 ) =1 4 %～ 2 0 % ,n(Fe)∶n(Si) =(0 8～ 1 0 )∶1 0 ,PFSS的pH =1 5～ 1 8,硅酸活化时间 1～ 18h时 ,可获得絮凝性能优异的无机高分子复合絮凝剂。将制备的絮凝剂用于实际废水样品处理 ,其除浊效果明显优于目前常用的絮凝剂PAC、PFS、FeCl3 、Fe2(SO4) 3 。     

用铁矿石制备含硼聚硅硫酸铁及混凝性能研究

以铁矿石为主要原料,通过煅烧酸浸法制备出硫酸铁,再以硫酸铁、硅酸钠和四硼酸钠为原料,制备了无机高分子混凝剂含硼聚硅硫酸铁(PFSSB)。研究了PFSSB的制备工艺条件以及PFSSB投加量和废水pH对PFSSB的混凝效果的影响。结果表明:当二氧化硅质量分数为3%、活化时间为40 min、活化pH为3、铁与硅物质的量比为0.50、硼与硅物质的量比为0.50时,得到的PFSSB具有最好的性能,用其处理高COD、高浊度工业废水,混凝效果明显优于聚合硫酸铁(PFS)。     

聚硅酸聚合氯化铝的制备及性能研究

以废酸和钙粉为原料,制备了聚硅酸聚合氯化铝复合型絮凝剂(PSAC),利用正交实验方法考察了聚铝(PAC)中铝含量、聚合硅酸含量、聚硅酸pH值、n(Al)/n(Si)及复合熟化时间对PSAC絮凝性能的影响。实验结果表明,当n(Al)/n(Si)=13:1,PAC中Al3+的含量(以Al2O3质量分数计)为9%,复合时间为1 h时,研制的PSAC对工业污水具有最佳处理效果,并具有较宽的pH值使用范围。     

PFS-PDM复合混凝剂对东江水源水净化处理及其混凝性能研究

将聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)复合制备了新型复合混凝剂PFS-PDMDAAC(PFS-PDM),对秋冬季东江微污染水源水强化混凝净化处理,并采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、Zeta电位对复合混凝剂的形态和性能进行初步表征。结果表明,复合混凝剂PFS-PDM在浊度、UV_(254)及CODMn去除效果都优于单独使用PFS或PDM,PFS-PDM并不是PFS和PDM简单机械混合,而是形成新的结构,复合混凝剂PDM含量及盐基度对混凝性能影响与Zeta电位相关。     

聚硅酸氯化铝镁絮凝剂的制备及废水处理研究

将聚硅酸( Psi)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和氢氧化镁浆料复合,制得了不同铝硅摩尔比和盐基度的聚硅酸氯化铝镁(PACSM)絮凝剂,并用于含油废水和造纸废水的处理,且与PAC、聚硅酸氯化铝(PACS)的处理效果进行了对比.结果表明,在n(Al)∶n(Si)为10～15时,PACSM对2种废水的浊度、色度和有机物的去处效率都较高,并且处理过后的水中残留的铝含量也较低;PACSM各方面处理效果都要好于PACS和PAC絮凝剂,而PACS絮凝剂又要好于PAC絮凝剂.     

活性硅酸混凝剂SPAS处理油田三次采油废水

以高模数水玻璃、硫酸和硫酸铝为主要原料研制了活性硅酸复合混凝剂SPAS,对油田三次采油废水的混凝处理性能进行了试验研究,并对其混凝机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明：SPAS在较宽的pH范围内对油田三次采油废水具有良好的混凝处理效果。且破乳性能好,其混凝处理效果明显优于PAC和PFS。     

含硼聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂的制备及性能研究

以水玻璃、硫酸铁和硼砂为原料制备了无机高分子混凝剂含硼聚硅酸硫酸铁 (PFSSB) ,最佳制备条件为 :Fe/Si摩尔比 0 .5 ,B/Si摩尔比为 0 1 55 ,活化pH值 2 .0 ,活化时间 1h。PFSSB为带状结构 ,具有优良的稳定性和混凝特性 ,稳定时间为 66～1 2 7天。用PFSSB处理废纸造纸废水和印染废水 ,各项指标达到国家一级排放标准 (GB8978— 1 996)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。