Multinational Gas Pipeline Hopeful on Schedule

The Kovykta project, which will transport natural gas from Russia's Eastern Siberia to China and Republic of Korea, might come out ahead over the Sino-Russian oil pipeline project. China and Russia are negotiating the price of the piped gas and the result of negotiations will likely be seen in three to four months, TNK-BP President and Chief Executive Officer Robert Dudley recently said,adding that he is confident that natural gas from Kovykta will start flowing through the pipeline by the end of 2008 as planned.     

Construction of the Second Weet-East Gas Pipeline Kicked Off

The operation of the second West-East Gas Pipeline was started in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, and Shaanxi on February 22, 2008. It is the nation's first large-scale pipeline project introducing natural gas from other countries, which will be used to transmit the natural gas from the Middle Asia and Xinjiang to the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and the middle east China.     

构建东北亚天然气国际合作体系

东北亚地区的主要天然气消费国家（包括中国、韩国和日本）都面临共同的天然气供应安全问题、天然气溢价问题和低碳发展压力问题,建立东北亚天然气合作体系已成为区域内各国的共同愿望,并且具备合作条件。为了呼吁加快东北亚天然气国际合作体系构建,促进东北亚天然气利益共同体的形成,在分析东北亚地区天然气市场供需的基础上,重点分析了开展区域国际合作的基本理由及基础条件;借鉴前人研究成果,构建了国际合作战略框架体系,即构建天然气资源、管网、技术、定价、金融等合作机制,形成长期稳定的供应通道,以最大限度地降低东北亚天然气溢价水平,扩大东北亚地区国际天然气市场话语权和影响力。结论认为,应尽快建立区域天然气国际合作组织。     

Latest Exploration and Development Activities of PetroChina at Home

PetroChina has completed 69.96 percent of its annual planned basically proven reserves, 78.75 percent of its annual planned controlled reserves and 166.26 percent of its annual planned basically proven natural gas reserves. President of PetroChina Exploration and Production Company Hu Wenrui made the following briefings at China Central TV Station on July 22.     

国外输气管道建设

本文概要介绍世界天然气管网建设情况。文章着重对前苏联统一供气系统,欧洲输气管网,北美州、亚洲及大洋洲等地区的几条大型天然气长输管道建设及地下储气库建设概况进行了阐述,对输气管道自控、检测技术及特殊地带如：永冻土、海峡、沼泽地的管道建设和管道建设发展趋势进行了分析和讨论。     

PetroChina Sees Gas Pipeline Profit in Four Years

Sebei-Xining-Lanzhou pipeline put into operationPetroChina, the nation's largest gas producer, recently said that the US$280-million gas pipeline in Northwest China would generate profits within four years.The Sebei-Xining-Lanzhou pipeline, which runs 950 kilometers from Northwest China's Qinghai Province to the neighboring Gansu Province, is one of the biggest projects listed by the central government to develop the plentiful natural resources of the economically backward western region…     

OPEC cuts production, Iraq cuts exports and China seeks more oil

This section summarizes downstream developments of the previous month. Exploration & Production are covered in 'Upstream Review'.
OPEC ministers agreed to cut crude oil production by 1 mn bpd from 1st January, whilst leaving the group's production ceiling unchanged at 27 mn bpd. Cuts were allocated amongst the seven countries deemed to be overproducing the most ( see Global Energy Review , OPEC, Latest Developments). OPEC's President, Purnomo Yusgiantoro, said OPEC's oil price target should be raised to at least $30 to reflect current dollar weakness. Freight rates fell sharply in the wake of OPEC's decision on output. VLCC rates between the Persian Gulf and Asia went down immediately by 25% and lost a further 60% by the end of the year. Saudi Arabia agreed to cuts of 500,000 bpd. The kingdom meanwhile has added 800,000 bpd to its production capacity with the formal opening of the Qatif and Abu Safah fields, bringing total capacity to 11 mn bpd. The Saudi government stepped up security following renewed threats by al-Qaeda to attack oil installations there. Two car bombs later exploded in Riyadh. In a radical departure from normal trading practice, Saudi Arabia said it would explore the idea of selling oil under long term contracts on a take-or-pay basis. Such arrangements are common in the natural gas industry but rare in the case of oil.     

Unocal Will Be Involved in Development of Gas Field on East China Sea

President of Unocal's China operation ChrisCostelloe said on May 28 that his company will soonsign a cooperation agreement with Shell and twoChinese oil giants for joint exploration anddevelopment of Xihu Depression gas field on East     

中国天然气管道改革实施路径——基于美国、英国天然气产业发展改革历程分析

当前,中国天然气管道等基础设施建设处于快速发展的阶段,在改革的进程中存在诸多问题和矛盾。得益于包括成功管网改革在内的天然气产业体制改革,美国和英国已成为天然气行业市场化最成熟的两个国家,其发展和改革历程中的经验值得中国等天然气产业发展中国家借鉴和参考。为此,梳理了美国和英国天然气产业发展和改革的历程,总结了其经验启示:(1)天然气产业快速增长期的标志性包括主干管网建设和消费量快速增长;(2)两个国家天然气改革的时机都是天然气产业发展的成熟阶段;(3)管网剥离、资产拆分的目标可通过多种路径实现。进而结合我国天然气产业的发展现状,提出了天然气管道改革的实施路径:(1)用1~2年的时间实现财务独立,实现运输业务与销售业务的分离;(2)在2019年前实现管道业务的法律独立;(3)到2020年左右,待我国天然气管网发展到成熟期、上游市场主体和下游市场主体充分实现多元化、天然气价格市场化改革趋于完善后再实现管道业务的产权独立。     

New Progress in China''s Energy Cooperation with Russia and Kazakhstan

CNPC and YUKOS signes oil pipeline agreementCNPC and Russia's private oil producer YUKOS signedan agreement on May 28 in Moscow, setting out key aspectssuch as the quality of oil to be supplied, contractual termsand pricing formulas to pave the way for a US$2.5 billion oilpipeline stretching the vast expanse of Siberian and intoChina.This agreement was inked on the third day of China'sPresident Hu Jintao's state visit to Russia. "The pipeline construction is the biggest project in Sino-Russian economic co-operation, and it is good news for bothsides," said Ma Fucai, President of CNPC. Under theagreement, CNPC agrees to purchase up to 5.13 billion barrelsof Russian oil, worth some US$150 billion, between 2005and 2030 supplied via the pipeline running from Russia'sSiberian oilfield to China's petroleum center in Daqing."This(the pipeline) is the best choice for the least investment,shortest distance and lowest risk," Ma added.The deal ineans the Russian Government will put off,indefinitely, a rival projec     

成立国家天然气管道公司的必要性及实施建议

目前,我国天然气产业加速发展仍受制于运输和销售捆绑、管道不能公平无歧视向第三方开放、管输价格水平普遍偏高等因素的影响,管网改革已迫在眉睫。为此,研究了我国和国外发达国家天然气管道发展现状、管理体制机制运行情况以及所存在的差异和问题,结论认为:成立国家天然气管道公司将有助于尽早实现天然气市场化定价、降低管道运输价格水平、促进天然气应用规模扩大、增强管网系统调峰和应急保供能力,是我国天然气管网独立改革的最优选项。结合我国国情,建议从以下9个方面着手改革:(1)分阶段完成国家天然气管道公司的建立;(2)尽早强制推行运销分离;(3)明确纳入国家管道公司的管道范围;(4)改革管道建设审批和管理机制;(5)严格国家天然气管道公司成本监审、严控收益水平;(6)相关部门给予政策支持;(7)加快储气调峰设施建设;(8)实施新气源项目配套管道代建回购机制;(9)加强国家管道公司安全高效运营机制研究。     

天然气管道真空干燥技术的应用研究

管道干燥是天然气输送管道施工中必不可少的工序之一。随着我国和其他国家对于天然气需求量的不断增加,管道设计施工的专业化、技术化要求进一步提升,管道干燥工艺的重要性愈发凸显。通过分析近年来国内外天然气长输管道干燥施工实例,重点阐述了真空干燥技术的优势、施工原理及施工流程,具体分析了影响真空干燥时间和效果的因素。     

CNPC Maintains Strong Growth Momentum Both at Home and Worldwide

CNPC expects to raise its crude production by one million tons and natural gas output by 11.5 billion cubic meters in the year ahead. Priority must be given to the development of new oilfields as well as stabilization of the output of old ones if the crude production target is to be met, said Zhou Jiping, Vice President of CNPC. ＂The year of 2008 stands for a pivotal juncture for CNPC, during which a number of major projects will be carried out and all these strategic programs are vital to improving the production pattern and enhancing competitive strength of the company,＂ he added. In 2007,     

全球能源变换及管线钢的发展趋势

简要分析了全球能源变换的趋势,指出21世纪人类所用的能源主要有核聚变能源和天然气水合物两大类。分析了我国目前的能源现状,指出我国的天然气资源较石油资源更为丰富。天然气主要采用管道输送,为高效经济地输送天然气资源,开发高强度X80,X100和X120级管线钢十分必要。目前,发达国家已先后建成多条X80级输气管线和若干条X120级输气管线试验段。我国也于2006年试制成功X120钢级、16mm钢板,并试制出合格的直缝埋弧焊钢管。预计在2010~2015年,X80,X100和X120级管线钢管将会广泛应用于输气管线。     

自动化系统在净化气外输站的应用

净化气外输站为中亚管线首站(WKC1站)两个重要气源之一。该站集长输管线增压和交接贸易计量功能为一体,采用自动化控制生产,能实现年处理天然气量130×108 m3。本文主要介绍该站的自动化系统,对压缩机控制系统、站控系统及ESD联锁系统、第三方成套控制设备、现场检测控制仪表及设备等方面的运行状况进行了分析,显现自动化系统存在的问题,并提出了解决办法和建议,为下一步生产服务提供依据。     

“Weightbeam” at the Gateway Station

The post of metering at the Khorgos gateway compressor station of the West-East Pipeline: These men and women make up the first gate controlling the flow of natural gas from Central Asia to China, and as such, they act as both "gaugers" and "quality inspectors" in normal transnational pipeline trading. They pay close attention to and analyze the changing of parameters such as the water dew point, keep aware of the changes in natural gas quality, and inform downstream stations to take measurements in real time, all to ensure safe and steady gas transportation in the long-distance pipeline.     

致密轻质油藏不同CO2注入方式沥青质沉积及储层伤害特征

致密轻质油藏注CO₂会引发沥青质沉积现象。为厘清不同CO₂注入方式下沥青质沉积特征及其对储层的伤害机理,以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段储层轻质原油为例,在明确CO₂注入量和压力对沥青质沉淀量影响的基础上,通过开展不同注入压力下CO₂吞吐和驱替实验,辅以核磁共振在线扫描技术,研究了不同注气方式下沥青质在岩心中的沉积特征,定量评价了不同注气方式下沥青质沉积对储层物性、润湿性和孔隙结构的伤害程度,从微观孔隙尺度剖析了沥青质沉积对储层的伤害机理。研究结果表明,沥青质主要在岩心入口端大量沉积,且越接近岩心出口端沉积量越小,驱替方式下的沥青质沉淀量和沉积区域大于吞吐方式;两种注入方式下孔隙度变化率相差较小,但驱替方式下的渗透率伤害率远高于吞吐方式;沥青质沉积引发岩石润湿性向亲油反转,润湿反转指数随注入压力的升高而增大,且驱替方式下的润湿反转指数大于吞吐方式;微观尺度下沥青质主要在大孔隙中沉积,但吞吐方式下大孔隙（0.092 μm≤T₂<4.500 μm）堵塞率随注入压力的升高而增大,小孔隙（0.009 μm≤T₂<0.092 μm）堵塞率则先下降、后上升;驱替方式下小孔隙和大孔隙堵塞率均随注入压力的增加而增大。     

IWM＋FCAW焊接新工艺研究与应用

中亚天然气管道将土库曼斯坦的天然气经乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦和中国新疆的霍尔果斯输入西二线，是目前我国最长、规模最大的能源战略通道。为了加快管道焊接施工进度，研究应用了IWM＋FCAW（内焊机根焊＋自保护药丝半自动焊填盖）新工艺。文章详细介绍了该工艺的研究内容、焊接评定、机组设备配置、经济分析及其在中亚天然气管道中的应用，并与传统的SMAW＋FCAW（纤维素焊条根焊＋自保药丝半自动焊填盖）工艺进行了比较，日焊接速度约提高一倍。     

天然气中硫化物检测方法标准的分析探讨

含硫化合物特别是H2S对天然气的运输、贮存及使用安全会产生破坏性的影响,因此硫化物的含量是天然气检测必不可少的项目,准确测定其含量具有极其重要的意义。对天然气中含硫化合物检测所用到的国内外标准进行了总结分析,从原理及适用范围等方面对各标准进行了比较,并根据中亚管输天然气含硫化合物检测的实践经验对标准的选择提出建议和意见,以期为天然气相关检测研究提供有益的参考。     

天然气管网韧性保供问题及其研究展望

天然气的供应保障对经济发展与社会稳定至关重要。天然气保供是资源、管网、需求上、中、下游一体化的复杂系统工程。国内外对天然气管网可靠性已开展了系列研究。但是,对于大规模复杂系统,基于概率安全思想的可靠性评价方法存在容易稀释小概率、高后果极端风险的本质缺陷。借鉴电网、供应链、交通运输等复杂系统的研究和实践,提出了天然气管网韧性保供的概念,即在可靠性基础上,增加管网系统脆弱性和系统经受干扰后恢复至既定功能的能力(恢复力)评价;总结了天然气管网和电网等复杂系统可靠性、脆弱性和恢复力研究的现状、存在问题和发展方向;同时指出,大数据、人工智能技术将助推天然气管网韧性保供理论的发展,使其成为智能化与市场化变革大背景下智慧管网技术的重要理论基础。