A356-SiCp铝基复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展机理的实验研究

为了观察A356-SiCp铝基复合材料的疲劳裂纹扩展机理。对在不同栽荷下的试件进行取样分析和显微观察。实验分析结果表明:在低载条件下,SiC颗粒将阻碍裂纹的扩展,改变裂纹的扩展方向。裂纹避开SiC颗粒在基体中作之字形扩展,而降低裂纹的宏观扩展速度,使材料的疲劳寿命得到提高。     

A356—SiCp铝基复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展机理的实验研究

为了观察Ａ３５６－ＳｉＣｐ铝基复合材料的疲劳裂纹扩展机理，对在不同载荷下的试件进行取样分析和显微观察。实验分析结果表明，在低载条件下，ＳｉＣ颗粒将阻碍裂纹的扩展，改变裂纹的扩展方向，裂纹避开ＳｉＣ颗粒在基体中作之字形扩展，从而降低裂纹的宏观扩展速度，使材料的疲劳寿命得到提高。     

残留奥氏体数量对65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi钢组织和性能的影响

本文系统研究了六种不同热处理工艺对６５ ｒ５Ｍｏ３Ｗ２ＶＳｉＴｉ钢残留奥氏体数量、形态、分布及其回火稳定性的影响，探讨了残留奥氏体对钢在不同组织状态下的强度、韧性、疲劳裂纹扩展速率和冲击疲劳寿命的影响及变化得出了高碳高使 和模具钢淬硬组织中存在有一定数量和形态良好的稳定性较高的残留奥氏体可以改善其强韧性配合和提高疲劳抗力的结论。     

淬火温度对5CrMnMo钢的显微组织与疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

本文论述淬火工艺及显微组织对5CrMnMo钢疲劳扩展特性的影响,并分析在350℃回火使晶界弱化的条件下,疲劳裂纹的扩展行为。研究结果表明:随淬火温度升高,则较低ΔK下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dn降低,疲劳扩展寿命Np升高;经双重处理(1200/60O+880℃)的组织具有最低的da/dn和最高的Np,超高温(1200℃)淬火组织也具有较低的da/dn和较高的Np。350℃回火会使疲劳裂纹扩展曲线斜率m值和da/dn增大,提高淬火温度会使da/dn及m值均有所下降。     

18Cr2Ni4WA钢不同冷速下的组织和性能——兼论获得良好综合性能的淬火方法

本文测定了18Cr2Ni4WA钢奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线,分析了不同冷速下的显微组织,研究了冲击疲劳、旋转弯曲疲劳、断裂韧性和常规机械性能,讨论了组织和性能的关系。结果表明:该钢的显微组织依冷速不同可分别获得板条马氏体、板条马氏体和贝氏体、贝氏体、以至全部为粒状贝氏体。冷却时间约一小时得到以粒状贝氏体为主的组织,其综合机械性能优于其他组织。不同冷速的组织中均存在一定数量和尺寸的(M/A)岛,对疲劳裂纹扩展有阻碍作用,可提高疲劳寿命。     

铁素体—珠光体钢中的疲劳裂纹扩展行为

在扫描电镜下对两种铁素体－珠光体钢中的低周疲劳裂纹扩展进行了动态原位观察，发现疲劳裂纹只在铁素体中扩展，而珠光体晶团阻碍其扩展，提出疲劳裂纹扩展的形态及方式与材料的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力之间存在着一定的关系。     

疲劳裂纹在Cr25—Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为

采用三点弯曲试样研究了疲劳裂纹在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为与显微组织的关系。测得了疲劳裂纹在Cr25Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展速率da/dN,并且讨论了疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织之间的关系。分析实验结果认为,在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中,疲劳裂纹的扩展路径主要受组织韧性的控制。     

拉伸超载对40CrNi2Si2MoVA超高强度钢冲击疲劳性能的影响

本文研究了拉伸超栽对40CrNi2Si2MoVA超高强度钢冲击疲劳性能的影响。结果表明，在一定范围内，拉伸超载可延长冲击疲劳裂纹起始寿命，而对裂纹扩展寿命无明显影响；超载后在试样缺口根部造成的残余压应力是引起该钢超载效应的主要机制。最后，给出了超载后冲击疲劳裂纹起始寿命Ni与残余应变εR之间的关系表达式。     

热处理对TC4钛合金激光双束焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

基于飞机金属整体进气道典型件的T形接头在服役过程中因承受空气循环阻力而导致疲劳断裂的问题,利用激光双光束焊接技术对TC4钛合金进行T形焊接后进行热处理,研究不同热处理方法对焊接接头显微组织特征、疲劳性能及断裂机理的影响。结果表明：双重退火热处理试件疲劳寿命是未经热处理试件的1.89倍,一次退火热处理试件疲劳寿命是未经热处理试件的1.43倍。疲劳断口分析表明,与未经热处理试件相比,热处理后试件疲劳裂纹稳定扩展区疲劳条纹间距降低,表明疲劳裂纹扩展速率降低,因此疲劳寿命增大。热处理后网篮组织中析出针状α′马氏体,试件抵抗裂纹萌生和扩展的抗力增强,促进试件疲劳寿命增大。     

16Mn钢对焊接头疲劳寿命的估算

本文总结了16Mn钢对焊接头疲劳试验结果并给出了新的寿命估算方法，实验结果表明，在中短寿命范围内，16Mn钢对焊接头的疲劳寿命可更好地表示为当量应力幅的幂函数，以考虑应力比的影响，对于不含裂纹式缺陷的焊接件，先分别估算其疲劳裂纹起始寿命和裂纹扩展寿命，然后求和得总寿命，在估算裂纹起始寿命时，采用了新的公式和方法并考虑了焊趾处材料的显微组织、表明状态以及焊趾处宏观几何和微观几何特征的影响。在估算列纹扩展寿命时，采用了新的列纹扩展速率表达式，并取应力比R＝0.6，以考虑残余应力的影响。用上述公式和方法，估算了16Mn钢对焊接头的疲劳寿命、第一次观察到裂纹α0时的寿命以及剩余寿命，均与实验结果符合得很好。     

Q345圆钢杆的疲劳破坏模型

为研究结构钢圆杆的疲劳破坏模型,以结构钢的椭球面断裂模型为开裂判据,由结构钢圆杆疲劳裂纹的裂尖真实应力场,计算出结构钢圆杆疲劳裂纹的失稳扩展面积、稳定扩展面积和稳定扩展长度.基于结构钢疲劳裂纹随加载次数加速扩展的试验事实,假定结构钢圆杆的疲劳裂纹稳定扩展速率是循环加载次数的单调递增幂函数,即双对数坐标系下结构钢圆杆的疲劳裂纹稳定扩展速率和循环加载次数为单调递增线性函数,积分后得到结构钢圆杆的疲劳裂纹稳定扩展长度和疲劳寿命间的函数表达式,导出结构钢圆杆的疲劳破坏模型.建议的结构钢圆杆的疲劳破坏模型表明,结构钢圆杆的疲劳寿命是名义最大应力、相对应力幅、初始裂纹位置和初始裂纹长度的复杂函数,不能简单化为仅是应力幅的函数.对Q345B圆钢杆进行了常幅循环应力疲劳试验,结果表明,Q345B圆钢杆的疲劳寿命随相对应力幅和名义最大应力的增加而降低.根据Q345B圆钢杆的疲劳试验结果,标定了其疲劳破坏模型参数,验证了建议的疲劳破坏模型精度.     

低温环境下十字形非传力角焊缝接头的疲劳性能

为了研究低温环境下钢桥焊接细节的疲劳行为和性能,以典型的十字形非传力角焊缝接头为对象,开展室温和?60 °C下的高周常幅疲劳试验;基于三维裂纹扩展数值模拟,分析低温对该焊接细节疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的影响机理. 结果表明,该焊接细节的室温和?60 °C条件下试验S-N疲劳寿命未表现出显著区别,初始焊接缺陷裂纹会在细节焊趾处的多个位置同时扩展;由低温环境导致的钢材断裂韧性的降低不会对该焊接细节的疲劳寿命产生明显影响. 虽然低温会增强钢材抵抗疲劳裂纹扩展的能力,但是该焊接细节的疲劳寿命主要受焊接过程产生的多样化初始裂纹缺陷因素控制;建议采用考虑多裂纹耦合扩展的三维裂纹扩展数值模拟来更加精确地预测疲劳裂纹扩展寿命.     

Material analysis of the fatigue mechanism of rollers in tapered roller bearings

Rolling contact fatigue is the main failure mechanism of tapered roller bearings. This study investigated the fatigue mechanism of rollers in a tapered roller bearing that failed in a run-to-failure test. Roller microstructure and crack morphology were investigated through scanning electron microscopy. A microhardness test was performed to investigate the strain hardening of the roller material induced by rolling contact fatigue. Results showed that microcavities and holes are important influential factors of crack initiation and propagation. Crack propagation angle affects crack morphology and propagation mode. Material strain hardening accelerates crack growth. Furthermore, roller misalignment causes uneven hardenability and severe damage to roller ends.     

Development of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex steel

A new hot-rolled low alloy high strength steel with grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex micro-structure has been developed through novel microstructure and alloying designs without any noble metal elements such as nickel and molybdenum. Its as-rolled microstructure and mechanical properties, fatigue crack propagation behavior compared with single granular bainitic steel as well as continuous cooling transformation, were investigated in detail. The measured result of CCT (continuous cooling transformation) curve shows that such duplex microstructure can be easily obtained within a wide air-cooling rate range. More importantly, this duplex microstructure has much better combination of toughness and strength than the single granular bainite microstructure. It is found that the grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite in this duplex microstructure can blunt the rni-crocrack tip, cause fatigue crack propagation route branching and curving, and thus it increases the resistance to fati     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In-situ</Emphasis> investigation on the fatigue crack propagation behavior in ferrite-pearlite and dual-phase ferrite-bainite low carbon steels

The purpose of this study was to describe the roles of microstructure types and grain boundary characteristics in fatigue crack propagation behavior in ferrite-pearlite steel and ferrite-bainite steel.The ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel was obtained by intermediate heat treatment conducted on ferrite-pearlite low carbon steel.This paper presents the results from investigation using constant stress-controlled fatigue tests with in-situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscattering diffraction(EBSD) and fatigue fractography analysis.Microscopic images arrested by in-situ SEM showed that the second hard bainite phase distributed in the soft ferrite matrix had a significant effect on preventing the cracks opening compared with pearlite,and that the cracks in ferrite-bainite steel were "locked" in the second hard bainite phase while the crack propagation path in ferrite-pearlite steel was more tortuous.Moreover,the fatigue fracture surface analysis and the coincidence site lattice(CSL) obtained by EBSD indicated that low-CSL grain boundaries in ferrite-bainite steel distributed more uniformly,which has a more significant effect on the resistance of crack propagation.It was revealed that ferrite-bainite dual-phase microstructures could inhibit the fatigue crack propagation more effectively than ferrite-pearlite microstructures.     

破损舰体结构疲劳裂纹扩展试验研究

针对破损舰船的疲劳寿命问题,采用预制缺口的疲劳试样模拟破损舰体结构,利用液压伺服疲劳试验机对舰用疲劳试样进行了拉伸疲劳试验,研究了平板和加筋板预制缺口疲劳试样在拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的裂纹扩展规律,确定了不同疲劳应力幅值作用下疲劳试样裂纹开裂的临界疲劳次数,得出了裂纹长度、疲劳载荷循环次数和疲劳应力幅值之间的拟合关系式,并与高频疲劳试验进行了比较.试验结果对预报破损舰船在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展情况有重要参考价值.     

在役铆接钢构件的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命研究

试验分析了在役铆接钢结构材料的疲劳断裂性能。应用断裂力学理论研究了在役铆接钢构件的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。     

16Mn钢焊接件疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展机理研究

对16Mn钢对焊接头的焊缝及热影响区中疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展机理进行了研究与讨论,结果发现：疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展与铁素体组织有关,疲劳裂纹扩展阶段裂纹尖端附近为形成于铁素体晶粒内的位错胞及亚晶,在离裂纹尖端较远处为高密度的位错缠结。     

钢桥腐蚀-疲劳耦合计算模型及影响因素分析

为了研究钢桥在交通荷载和腐蚀环境共同作用下的疲劳性能,考虑钢桥腐蚀-疲劳耦合效应,建立有2个阶段的腐蚀-疲劳耦合计算模型.在点蚀坑萌生阶段,考虑循环交通荷载对腐蚀过程的加速作用;在裂纹扩展阶段,引入裂纹扩展腐蚀加速因子,考虑腐蚀环境对裂纹扩展的影响.对钢桥顶板和纵肋焊接节点的腐蚀疲劳寿命算例分析表明：考虑腐蚀-疲劳耦合作用的疲劳强度相对于疲劳试验、规范AASHTO、规范BS5400和不考虑腐蚀-疲劳耦合作用的情况,分别降低41.25%、28.80%、44.60%和10.90%.对所建模型开展加载频率、腐蚀环境、腐蚀坑形貌特征等影响因素的比较研究,结果表明：随着加载频率的增加,焊接节点的腐蚀疲劳强度递增,当加载频率大于0.6 Hz时,焊接节点的腐蚀疲劳强度相近;随着腐蚀环境变强,腐蚀电流和腐蚀速率逐渐增大;腐蚀疲劳强度随着腐蚀坑形貌特征的增大而增大.     

Fatigue properties of special kind of reinforced concrete composite beams

The special reinforced concrete composite beam consists of a steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete composite layer and a reinforced concrete T-beam, and constructional bars are set up at their bonding interface. Fatigue properties of the composite beam under the action of negative moment were experimentally studied. Through inverted loading mode the load-bearing state of a composite beam was simulated under the action of negative moment. With the ratios of constructional bars being 0, 0.082% and 0.164% respectively as parameters, the effects of constructional bars on the properties of composite beam, such as fatigue life, crack propagation, rigidity loss as well as damage behavior of bonding interface, were studied. The mechanism of the constructional bars on the fatigue properties of the composite beams and the restriction mechanism of crack widths and rigidity loss were analyzed. The test results show that the constructional bars can enhance the shear resistance of the bonding interface between composite layer and old concrete beam and restrict expanding of steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete, which are beneficial to synergistic action of composite layer and old concrete beam, to reducing the stress amplitude of bars and the crack width of composite layer, and to increasing the durability and fatigue life of the composite beam.