主干道动态协调控制技术

针对主干道信号协调控制问题, 提出一种新的动态分段协调控制技术. 首先分析路段长度、交通密度以及信号周期时间对关联度的影响, 设计了基于分层结构的关联度模糊计算方法和基于关联度的控制子区划分方法; 然后提出一种子区协调控制算法, 根据一段时间内交通流信息计算子区公共信号周期、上下行相位差和各路口的绿信比. 实际应用表明, 该控制技术能有效降低主干道交通流平均旅行时间和平均停车率, 效果令人满意.

     

A dynamic signal coordination control method for urban arterial roads and its application

We propose a novel dynamic traffic signal coordination method that takes account of the special traffic flow characteristics of urban arterial roads. The core of this method includes a control area division module and a signal coordination control module. Firstly, we analyze and model the influences of segment distance, traffic flow density, and signal cycle time on the correlation degree between two neighboring intersections. Then, we propose a fuzzy computing method to estimate the correlation degree based on a hierarchical structure and a method to divide the control area of urban arterial roads into subareas based on correlation degrees. Subarea coordination control arithmetic is used to calculate the public cycle time of the control subarea, up-run offset and down-run offset of the section, and the split of each intersection. An application of the method in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China shows that the method can reduce the average travel time and the average stop rate effectively.     

主干道动态协调控制方法研究

针对干线交通双向绿波协调控制中的相位冲突问题,提出了一种主干道动态协调控制方法。根据交通路口关联度计算方法将主干道划分为若干个控制子区;根据划分好的控制子区,计算出控制子区控制参数和控制子区间的协调控制参数：其中,针对我国城市交通流特点,对韦伯斯特周期公式进行修正,并设计了一种支路相位排前可行度函数用于各个路口相序进行优化,依此根据一段时间内的交通流信息计算出所有控制参数,包括公共信号周期,各路口的绿信比,各路口的相序以及所有路段的引导车速。仿真结果表明,该方法比分散控制能有效地提高主干道的行车速度,能够有效降低干线的通行时间。     

基于DEVS的交叉路口建模与仿真

考虑有信号控制的交叉路口内车辆之间、车辆与行人之间的冲突，在离散事件仿真规范（DEVS）框架下构建了交叉路口微观交通仿真模型.以某市典型交叉路口观察数据标定仿真参数，将仿真结果与按《城市道路设计规范》计算得到的通行能力进行比较，验证了模型.在此基础上，首先，仿真分析了不同左转比例对交叉路口通行能力的影响；然后，基于各方向等待通过交叉路口的车辆数目设计了智能绿信比控制策略.仿真试验表明：通行能力随着左转车比例的增加先上升后下降；智能绿信比控制能显著提升交叉路口通行能力，明显降低平均引道延误时间.由此证明仿真模型能真实地模拟交叉路口各因素间的相互作用，且易于扩充，通用性强，能够用于其它智能交通问题的研究.     

考虑左转汇入的干线协调控制与速度引导优化

考虑到相交道路左转汇入车流对干线协调效率的影响, 本文以绿波带宽最大为目标提出了干线协调控制下直行车辆及左转汇入车辆的速度引导模型. 首先, 在干线绿波控制(Maxband)模型的基础上确定干线直行车辆的可通行时间, 引导干线直行车辆在绿波时间段内到达交叉口; 然后, 加入控制左转汇入车辆的通行时间方程, 引导左转汇入车辆在不影响干线协调控制的时间内通过交叉口, 与干线直行车辆实现时间上的分离; 最后, 基于VISSIM和MATLAB进行仿真实验, 结果表明本文提出的优化模型可以有效提高干线交叉口的通行效率.     

A cell-based robust optimal coordinated control on urban arterial road

Process of optimizing coordinated control is divided into two stages.At the first stage,the study improves a robust optimal control model of single-point intersection to optimize cycle and split.At the second stage,the study combines all links with intersections of arterial road as a complete system,and applies cell transmission model to simulate traffic flow on urban signalized arterial road.We propose a coordinated control model based on the platform to optimize offset between adjacent intersections.Genetic algorithm is executed by MATLAB to solve the model.The performance evaluations show that the model not only effectively reduces average delay and stopping rate of vehicles on arterial road and largely enhances traffic capacity of arterial road,but also lowers the sensitivity of signal control for flow fluctuations.     

基于TCPN的交叉口信号控制模型与优化

针对城市路网中交叉口车辆通行效率低下,交通信号控制策略难于满足输入路段上车流变化的问题,本文提出了一种基于时延赋色Petri网的交叉口交通流优化控制模型。首先建立路段车流、交叉口车流和交通信号控制的TCPN模型,其次建立以交叉口输入路段车辆数最小为目标的车流优化方程。在假设信号周期固定的前提下,利用15个周期采集的交叉口输入、输出路段车辆数,求解满足优化目标的相位配时,确保交叉口输出车辆数最大,且输入路段上待通过车辆平均数最小。仿真结果表明,交叉口的通行能力显著提高,各输出路段上的车辆平均数分别增加了13.3%,9.7%,9.8%和4.3%。     

基于层级控制的宏观基本图交通信号控制模型

针对城市交通子区内部与边界交叉口的协调控制问题,提出基于分层多粒度与宏观基本图的交通信号控制模型HDMF.首先利用城市交通系统的分层多粒度特性与粗糙集理论描述交通要素的实时状态;然后结合基于背压算法的分布式交叉信号控制和交通元素的动态特性,计算交叉口相位压力并对相位进行决策;最后使用宏观基本图(MFD)实现区域驶出总流...     

基于层次颜色Petri网的交通紧急调度算法与建模

针对城市交通网络中紧急车辆在行驶区段中如何较快地到达终点的问题,提出了一种基于Petri网的交通紧急控制策略模型。利用Davidson函数中行驶时间与交通流之间的对应关系,得出紧急车辆在道路上的最短行驶时间,并将其作为权重,运用Dijkstrsa算法进行最短路径寻优;采用紧急信号灯控制策略对最短路径上的交叉口信号灯进行了调整,减少紧急车辆在交叉口的延滞时间,并运用Petri网理论,建立紧急车辆在交叉口的紧急信号灯控制模型。为了描述紧急信号灯控制策略的动态行为特性,将其各部分关键要素分别设计为相应的Petri网子模型。通过模型的一个仿真实例,进行了紧急控制策略与普通策略的实验对比,实验结果表明前者可以对紧急车辆的到达时间进行优化。     

基于机器视觉的交叉口特种车辆快速通行技术研究

交叉口是道路网络中重要的交通节点,容易产生交通堵塞问题,为了在保证通行安全的情况下提高特种车辆的通行效率,研究基于机器视觉的交叉口特种车辆快速通行技术。优化通行基础采用图像采集及预处理、检测识别和通行控制作为技术框架结构,利用机器视觉技术采集交叉口实时交通图像,通过图像滤波、图像增强等步骤,实现初始图像的预处理。利用Car-YOLO网络识别交叉口通行能力,规划快速通行路线,考虑前车行驶状态,求解特种车辆通行速度,针对车辆所占车道,通过绿灯早启、绿灯周期时间延长等方式控制交叉口信号灯,实现交叉口特种车辆快速通行。实验结果表明:在拥堵和正常通行场景下,优化设计技术的特种车辆通过时间的平均值分别为18.2s、10.1s,事故发生概率分别低于2%、1.4%,具有较好的应用效果。     

Cooperative driving: an ant colony system for autonomous intersection management

Autonomous intersection management (AIM) is an innovative concept for directing vehicles through the intersections. AIM assumes that the vehicles negotiate the right-of-way. This assumption makes the problem of the intersection management significantly different from the usually studied ones such as the optimization of the cycle time, splits, and offsets. The main difficulty is to define a strategy that improves the traffic efficiency. Indeed, due to the fact that each vehicle is considered individually, AIM faces a combinatorial optimization problem that needs quick and efficient solutions for a real time application. This paper proposes a strategy that evacuates vehicles as soon as possible for each sequence of vehicle arrivals. The dynamic programming (DP) that gives the optimal solution is shown to be greedy. A combinatorial explosion is observed if the number of lanes rises. After evaluating the time complexity of the DP, the paper proposes an ant colony system (ACS) to solve the control problem for large number of vehicles and lanes. The complete investigation shows that the proposed ACS algorithm is robust and efficient. Experimental results obtained by the simulation of different traffic scenarios show that the AIM based on ACS outperforms the traditional traffic lights and other recent traffic control strategies.     

Type-2 fuzzy logic based urban traffic management

This paper presents a multi-agent system based on type-2 fuzzy decision module for traffic signal control in a complex urban road network. The distributed agent architecture using type-2 fuzzy set based controller was designed for optimizing green time in a traffic signal to reduce the total delay experienced by vehicles. A section of the Central Business District of Singapore simulated using PARAMICS software was used as a test bed for validating the proposed agent architecture for the signal control. The performance of the proposed multi-agent controller was compared with a hybrid neural network based hierarchical multi-agent system (HMS) controller and real-time adaptive traffic controller (GLIDE) currently used in Singapore. The performance metrics used for evaluation were total mean delay experienced by the vehicles to travel from source to destination and the current mean speed of vehicles inside the road network. The proposed multi-agent signal control was found to produce a significant improvement in the traffic conditions of the road network reducing the total travel time experienced by vehicles simulated under dual and multiple peak traffic scenarios.     

交通信号自适应模糊控制器的设计及稳定性分析

针对城市交通路口的信号控制,提出一种自适应模糊控制器,并对其稳定性进行分析.通过控制器给出路口实时信号配时,根据红灯相位的等候车辆平均损失和绿灯相位释放车辆的平均增益,给出了模糊控制器的自适应算法,以实时修正其模糊规则.在自适应模糊控制器的稳定性分析中,采用模糊控制系统闭环模型的模糊关系矩阵,证明在路口车辆随机产生的情况下,模糊控制系统是稳定的.仿真结果表明,自适应模糊控制器比全感应控制器、简单模糊控制器更能适应路口交通流的变化,极大地改善了系统性能.     

SALA: A Self-Adaptive Learning Algorithm—Towards Efficient Dynamic Route Guidance in Urban Traffic Networks

In order to alleviate traffic congestion for vehicles in urban networks, most of current researches mainly focused on signal optimization models and traffic assignment models, or tried to recognize the interaction between signal control and traffic assignment. However, these methods may not be able to provide fast and accurate route guidance due to the lack of individual traffic demands, real-time traffic data and dynamic cooperation between vehicles. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a dynamic and real-time route selection model in urban traffic networks (DR2SM), which can supply a more accurate and personalized strategy for vehicles in urban traffic networks. Combining the preference for alternative routes with real-time traffic conditions, each vehicle in urban traffic networks updates its route selection before going through each intersection. Based on its historical experiences and estimation about route choices of the other vehicles, each vehicle uses a self-adaptive learning algorithm to play congestion game with each other to reach Nash equilibrium. In the route selection process, each vehicle selects the user-optimal route, which can maximize the utility of each driving vehicle. The results of the experiments on both synthetic and real-world road networks show that compared with non-cooperative route selection algorithms and three state-of-the-art equilibrium algorithms, DR2SM can effectively reduce the average traveling time in the dynamic and uncertain urban traffic networks.     

基于激光传感数据的拥堵路口交通信号灯控制

针对城市车流高峰时段的道路拥堵问题,提出基于激光传感数据的交通信号灯智能控制方法研究。在道路两侧均匀布置激光传感器节点,采集实时的激光传感数据和车流量信息,并构建一种两层级的交通信号灯控制模型,以提取的交通路口实时传感数据作为输入项进行模糊推理,并求解出交通信号控制模糊子集,最后推导出当前车流长度、车辆在路口的平均滞留时长及车辆的延误时长等变量,达到缓解交通拥堵,提高通行效率的目的。仿真实验数据表明,提出的拥堵交通信号灯智能控制方法具有良好的控制效果,可以明显减少车辆延误时长,提高道路通行的效率和安全性。     

时变论域下红绿灯配时的模糊控制

针对交叉口日益拥堵,交通信号灯配时设置的不合理问题,提出一种基于时变论域的模糊控制方法,给出了交通信号灯的实时配时方案。该配时方法通过动态地调整信号周期和绿灯时长,以匹配多变的交通流状况,实现了实时控制。以长沙市某十字路口为例验证了该方案的有效性,结果表明：与定时信号配时方法相比,该配时方法更有效的缓解了交叉口交通拥堵状况,增强了路口通行能力,减少了车辆延误时间。     

面向低饱和交通状态城市区域协调控制方法

为了降低车辆在饱和度较低的交通状态下的停车率,提出了一种面向低饱和状态的城市区域协调的控制方法。以路口检测流量为输入,通过对信号周期,相位差及绿性比建立优化模型,输出子区内各个路口信号控制方案。最后以杭州市萧山区的某子区为例,通过TransModel仿真与未优化前固定配时方案对比,验证其可行性。结果表明,该方法能够减少路口等待时间及平均停车时间。     

主干线协调控制的改进算法研究

为改善传统主干线协调控制方法中存在的问题,对传统主干线协调控制算法进行了深入的研究和改进。改进算法为有效提高绿时利用率,减小车辆延误,对单路口实施了改进的模糊控制算法;同时,对主干线上车辆到来情况进行实时检测,若有大规模车队到来,则中断模糊控制器,即时疏散车队,从而实现对主干线的实时协调控制。将此算法应用于城市主干道交通协调控制,对减小整个主干线的停车延误和排队延误有很好效果,并且对路况变化具有较强的鲁棒性,适合在大中城市中推广。     

Real-time energy optimization of HEVs under-connected environment: a benchmark problem and receding horizon-based solution

In this paper, we propose a benchmark problem for the challengers aiming to energy efficiency control of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) on a road with slope. Moreover, it is assumed that the targeted HEVs are in the connected environment with the obtainment of real-time information of vehicle-to-everything (V2X), including geographic information, vehicle-toinfrastructure (V2I) information and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) information. The provided simulator consists of an industriallevel HEV model and a traffic scenario database obtained through a commercial traffic simulator, where the running route is generated based on real-world data with slope and intersection position. The benchmark problem to be solved is the HEVs powertrain control using traffic information to fulfill fuel economy improvement while satisfying the constraints of driving safety and travel time. To show the HEV powertrain characteristics, a case study is given with the speed planning and energy management strategy.     

基于路口相位方案优化设计的城市道路交通信号迭代学习控制方法研究

城市道路交叉口信号控制是交管工作持续关注的课题,关于协调好有限的道路资源与日益增长的交通需求之间的矛盾,有着至关重要的作用。由于道路自身条件约束,交通流的组成特点复杂,路网交通路呈现非线性动态特征,无法进行精准的数学建模控制。本文提出的迭代学习控制方法,根据交通流的组成和变化特点调整信号控制周期及有效绿灯时长,实现交通信号动态优化控制,保证车辆在路网中能够高效、平稳地通行,是针对非线性动态交通流的一种动态寻优控制算法,能够有效减少路口车辆等待时间、提高通行效率。考虑对不同相位设计方案的适应性,在传统配时优化模型的基础上,构建综合相位设计元素的交通信号迭代学习控制模型,并通过Vissim仿真软件和Python编程语言搭建仿真测试环境,验证了提出模型的有效性。