高能重离子辐照制备碳氮化合物材料研究

室温下,先用100-120 keV的N离子注入类金刚石薄膜和石墨中,注入剂量5×1017至5×1018 cm-2,再用高能Xe、U、C60离子分别辐照注氮后的样品,然后用显微FTIR和Raman、XRD/XPS等手段进行分析表征,研究了实验样品中由辐照引起的新化学键和新相的产生.实验结果显示,高能重离子辐照可在所有样品中产生大量的CN键,高N浓度和大密度能量沉积导致sp3/sp2键比率的增加以及形成α-和β-C3N4必需的N-sp3C键的量的增加.C60离子辐照在注氮石墨样品中引起了ta-C、N=sp2C和N-sp3C键的形成;而高能离子辐照在注氮类金刚石薄膜样品中产生了α-和β-C3N4晶态夹杂物,其尺寸在1.4-3.6 nm之间.     

Pb离子辐照注碳a-SiO2薄膜的光致发光性能

用湿氧化法在单晶硅表面生长了非晶态SiO2薄膜,进行120 keV C离子注入和950 MeV Pb离子辐照,用荧光光谱分析样品发光特性的改变.结果发现,C离子注入和高能Pb离子辐照均能显著影响样品的发光特性,且荧光光谱的改变强烈依赖于注入和辐照剂量,预示不同注入和辐照剂量将导致不同的发光结构形成.对注入和辐照造成薄膜...     

碳离子辐射对空间GaAs/Ge太阳电池性能影响的研究

利用2×1.7 MV串列静电加速器提供的碳(C)离子束模拟空间环境辐射,对空间GaAs/Ge太阳电池用注量为3.1×109-6.9×1012 cm-2的2 MeV C离子进行辐照.通过Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性和光谱响应测试,研究分析了GaAs/Ge太阳电池的C离子辐射效应.结果表明:随着C离子辐照注量的增加,GaAs/Ge太阳电池电性能参数Isc、Voc和Pmax衰降增大,其中Pmax衰降最大,Isc次之,Voc最小.该衰降规律和质子辐照的衰降规律相似.但使GaAs/Ge太阳电池的Pmax衰降到原值的50%,用C离子辐照所需注量要比相同射程的质子辐照小两个量级.在低注量辐照时,光谱响应衰降主要发生在长波范围;而注量大于3.1×1010 cm-2时,则发生明显的长、短波整个波段的光谱响应衰降;当注量增大到2.3×1011 cm-2以上,光谱响应基本消失.     

DLC薄膜中子辐照效应

采用射频等离子体化学汽相沉积法得到了类金刚石（以下简称DLC）薄膜,并用能量为14MeV的中子对其进行辐照,辐照剂量为1.4×1012n/cm2～7.2×1012n/cm2。通过Raman及红外光谱分析得出,中子辐照造成膜中SP3C-C键的明显减少及SP2C=C键的增加,并形成少见的非晶型SP1C≡C键碳（直线型碳）,使DLC膜进一步非晶化。经辐照后的DLC薄膜红外透过率均有所提高,在实验剂量范围内,基本上与辐照剂量无关。     

反应堆辐照聚碳硅烷陶瓷先驱丝的结构与热解

将聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱丝在惰性气氛下用反应堆的混合辐射辐照,研究了辐照产物的化学结构以及中子注量等实验条件对不熔化效果的影响.在N2气氛下辐照中子注量为2.6×1017cm-2时,PCS先驱丝的凝胶含量和陶瓷产率分别达到了80%和94.3%,其高温烧成产物保持纤维形状,实现了不熔化处理.红外光谱分析结果表明,在辐照产物中形成了Si-CH2-Si的桥连结构,且未检测到与氧有关的吸收峰,说明此过程中引入的氧元素的量极少,可望制得高温性能优异的SiC纤维.     

Xe23+离子辐照Al2O3的光谱特性

本工作研究460 keV、3 MeV和308 MeV Xe23 辐照Al2O3单晶样品的光致发光特性.从经过460 keV Xe23 辐照后样品的光致发光测试结果可看到,波长为380、413和450 nm的发光峰明显增强,在390和564 nm处出现了新的发光峰.从3 MeV的Xe23 辐照后样品谱的变化可看到,在较低剂量条件下,516 nm(2.4 eV)和564 nm(2.2 eV)处的发光峰随辐照剂量增加而增强,且当剂量增到1×1016 cm-2时,564 nm处的发光峰消失,只有516 nm(2.4 eV)处的发光峰较强.从308 MeV Xe23 辐照后样品的光致发光谱中可看到,357 nm(3.47 eV)和516 nm(2.4 eV)处的发光峰随着剂量增加明显增强.辐照后样品的FTIR谱显示:波数在460～510 cm-1和630 cm-1附近的吸收是Al2O3振动模式,经离子辐照后,吸收带展宽;1 000～1 300 cm-1间为Al-O-Al桥氧键的伸缩振动模式,高能辐照后的吸收带向低波数方向移动.     

注入N离子改性的Ti-2Al-2.5Zr合金表面性能研究

往Ti-2Al-2.5Zr合金中注入能量为75 keV的N离子,注入剂量为3×1017/cm2和8×1017/cm2。75 keV N离子在Ti-2Al-2.5Zr合金的射程,借助TRIM 96程序计算的结果为1.2×10-7m。测试结果表明,Ti-2Al-2.5Zr合金的显微硬度随N离子注量的增加而升高,当注量为3×1017/cm2和8×1017/cm2时,Ti-2Al-2.5Zr合金的硬度分别升高260％和340％。注入后的样品用X射线衍射法及光电子能谱法进行分析。XRD衍射谱分析表明,Ti-2Al-2.5Zr合金有TiN新相生成。TiN相的生成被认为是Ti-2Al-2.5Zr合金显微硬度增加的主要原因。     

高通量工程试验堆压力容器焊缝快中子注量计算

用MCNP4C程序分别计算了高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)首炉13#电离室和L12元件、第53-Ⅰ炉13#电离室和7#电离室、第68-Ⅱ炉12#电离室和1QS的快中子注量率并与实验测量值比较,计算结果是可靠的.通过选择不同类型的堆芯布置,计算了到2004年底HFETR压力容器焊缝所受的快中子注量.截止2004年底,HFETR压力容器焊缝内壁所受到的E≥1MeV、E≥0.1MeV的快中子最大点的注量分别为1.212×1017cm-2和2.514×1017cm-2,远小于设计值.     

SiC薄膜的阻氚性能研究

在不锈钢基体表面用离子束混合技术沉积SiC薄膜,然后用能量为5 keV的H+对其辐照直至剂量达到1×1018/cm2,再用二次离子质谱分析(SIMS)分析H+在SiC薄膜中深度分布和正离子谱,研究薄膜的阻氢性能和阻氢机理;最后采用渗透实验对涂覆在不锈钢基体表面的SiC材料的氚渗透系数进行测试,对其阻氚性能进行验证.结果表明,在不锈钢基材表面涂覆的SiC薄膜具有良好的阻氢性能,可将氚的渗透率降低4个数量级以上,SiC薄膜的阻氢是由于氢与薄膜中的硅、碳悬挂键反应形成诸如C-H、C-H2、C-H3、Si-H、Si-H2和Si-H3引起的.     

GaAs太阳电池引入量子阱结构后抗辐射性能的变化

利用2×1.7 MV串列静电加速器提供的质子束模拟空间环境辐射,对引入量子阱GaAs太阳电池和无量子阱GaAs太阳电池进行2MeV质子注量为1×109-2×1013cm-2的辐照,通过电池Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性和光谱响应测试,研究分析了它们的辐射效应.结果表明这两种电池的Isc、Voc和Pmax的衰降幅度均随辐照注量增加而增大;而相同注量的辐照,引入量子阱GaAs太阳电池电性能衰降幅度要比无量子阱GaAs太阳电池的大.经2×1013cm-2质子辐照后,引入量子阱GaAs太阳电池光谱响应在400-1000nm整个波段有明显衰降,且长波区(900-1000 nm)的量子阱特性消失.量子阱结构的引入使GaAs太阳电池的抗辐射性能下降.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.