La(NiMMn)5.61储氢合金的结构特性

利用粉末中子衍射技术对过化学计量储氢合金La(NiMMn)5.61(M=Ni,Cu,Al,Fe,Sn)的晶体结构进行研究.研究结果显示:不同替代元素所形成的储氢合金晶体结构均为CaCu5型结构,P6/mmm空间群.与正化学计量AB5型储氢合金A原子占1a位、B原子占2c和3g有所不同,过化学计量的AB5 x储氢合金中部分A原子被一对沿c轴定向排列的B-B"哑铃"对替代形成2e位,致使2c位的B原子向2e收缩,进而部分占据6l位,随过化学计量程度的增加,B原子在2e、6l晶位的占位数逐渐增加,而在2c位的占位数则逐渐减少,自始至终,3g位的B原子均为满占位.由于"哑铃"对的形成,使得过化学计量合金出现a轴减小、c轴增大的奇异现象,但与正化学计量相比,晶胞体积仍减小.     

DyGa2和DyGa1.8Cu0.2化合物的结构和磁卡效应

利用电弧炉制备了DyGa2和DyGa1.8Cu0.2合金样品。通过X射线粉末衍射方法和测量磁性研究了两种合金的晶体结构和磁性能。研究结果表明：DyGa2和DyGa1.8Cu0.2化合物的晶体结构为P6/mmm六方结构,用少量Cu替代Ga可使晶胞体积变小。DyGa2和DyGa1.8Cu0.2合金的奈尔温度分别为16K和113K,温度低于奈尔温度发生顺磁-反铁磁相变,且相变类型为二级相变。DyGa2在8K温度附近发生变磁转变,为一级相变。DyGa2的最大磁熵变值为7.3J/（kg•K）,具有较强的磁制冷能力,约为131J/kg,在5K附近出现－14.9J/（kg•K）的异常负磁熵变,使DyGa2具有了温度自调节功能。掺杂少量Cu将合金的磁制冷温度提高到100K附近,具有很好的磁制冷应用开发潜力。     

~(57)Fe注入铜的穆斯堡尔效应研究(Ⅱ)——注入特性和铁磁相变化

我们曾报道了在同一剂量下的~(57)Fe离子注入铜随退火温度变化的特性,观察到注入铁离子所处的三种不同位:固溶态的孤立铁原子、具有二个或更多铁原子结合在一起的固溶态原子组团(Cluster)和γ-Fe夹杂相;经一定温度退火后,固溶态的铁原子和γ-Ee分别通过凝聚和相变转变成具有体心立方结构的α-Fe;在600℃退火后α-Fe全部消失转变成固溶态铁。本文着重报道不同的~(57)Fe注入剂量对铁原子不同位的强度和它们的超精细参数的影响以及它们随不同退火温度的变化关系。     

Er2Fe17—xAlx（x=2,5）化合物的中子衍射研究

利用Rietveld分析方法对Er2Fe17-xAlx(x=2,5)在室温下的中子衍射数据进行了精修。Er2Fe15Al2化合物具有Th2Ni17型六角结构,空间群为P63／mmc,Al原子分别占据12j(占位数0．21）和12k(占位数0.13)位;Er2Fe12Al5化合物具有Th2Zn17型三角结构,空间群为R3m,Al原子分别占据18f(占位数0．35）、18h(占位数0．36）和6c(占位数0．37）位。所有的Fe原子磁矩间为铁磁性耦合。Er原子磁矩与Fe原子磁矩间为亚铁磁耦合。在2个样品中,磁矩均位于垂直于六重轴的平面内,呈面磁晶各向异性。给出了居里温度Tc,并对磁性能和结构之间的关系进行了简单的讨论。     

Er_2Fe_(17-x)Al_x(x=2,5)化合物的中子衍射研究

利用Rietveld分析方法对Er2 Fe17-xAlx(x =2 ,5)在室温下的中子衍射实验数据进行了精修。Er2 Fe15Al2 化合物具有Th2 Ni17型六角结构 ,空间群为P6 3/mmc ,Al原子分别占据 12 j(占位数0 2 1)和 12k(占位数 0 13)位 ;Er2 Fe12 Al5化合物具有Th2 Zn17型三角结构 ,空间群为R 3m ,Al原子分别占据 18f(占位数 0 35)、18h(占位数 0 36 )和 6c(占位数 0 37)位。所有的Fe原子磁矩间为铁磁性耦合。Er原子磁矩与Fe原子磁矩间为亚铁磁耦合。在 2个样品中 ,磁矩均位于垂直于六重轴的平面内 ,呈面磁晶各向异性。给出了居里温度TC,并对磁性能和结构之间的关系进行了简单的讨论。     

中子散射研究HoFe_(1-x)Cr_xO_3(x=0.0,0.2,…,1.0)固溶体磁性

正利用固相反应法制备了HoFe_(1-x)Cr_xO_3(x=0.0,0.2,…,1.0)系列固溶体化合物,利用磁性测量和变温中子衍射对样品进行了研究,建立了体系的磁相图。发现随着Cr从0.0到1.0,体系的Neel温度大约从650K下降到140K。在x=0.0～0.7的范围之内,在Neel温度以下体系呈现Γ4反铁磁结构,在某一温度T_(sr)下,体系磁结构转变为Γ_2结构。随着x从0.0增加到0.7,T_(sr)逐渐从56 K增加到大于200 K并接近T_N。当x处于0.8～1.0之间的时候,在T_N以下系统     

用角分辨光电子谱研究有序和突变的f.c.c.Fe／Cu{111}的界面

本利用同步辐射角分辨光电子谱研究了f.c.c.Fe与Cu{111}之间的界面。观察到了位于表面布里渊区中K点附近的界面态，表明它是一个有序的界面。垂直出射的价带谱表明外来Fe原子对衬底Cu{111}的能带结构无任何影响。这与互混的Co/Cu{111}的结果不同，表明界面处不存在Fe与Cu原子之间的互混。     

稀土永磁材料Er_2Fe_(15)Mn_2C的中子衍射研究

用中子衍射方法研究了 2∶17型稀土铁基化合物Er2 Fe15Mn2 C的晶体结构和磁结构。研究结果表明 :Er2 Fe15Mn2 C为Th2 Ni17型六角结构 ,空间群为P63 /mmc ,居里温度TC=34 9K ,Mn原子在12k、12 j、6g和 4 f四个晶位均发生替代 ,占位数分别为 0 0 39、0 168、0 0 2 2和 0 336。室温下所有磁性原子的磁矩均位于垂直于六重轴的平面内 ,Er次晶格的磁矩方向与 (Fe ,Mn)次晶格的相反     

稀土永磁材料Er2Fe15Mn2C的中子衍射研究

用中子衍射方法研究了2:17型稀土铁基化合物Er2Fe15Mn2C的晶体结构和磁结构。研究结果表明：Er2Fe15Mn2C为Th2Ni17型六角结构,空间群为P63/mmc,居里温度Tc=349K,Mn原子在12k、12j、6g和4f四个晶位均发生替代,占位数分别为0.039、0.168、0.022和0.336。室温下所有磁性原子的磁矩均位于垂直于六重轴的平面内,Er次晶格的磁矩方向与（Fe、Mn）次晶格的相反。     

Fe掺杂SnO_2稀磁半导体超精细场的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论线性缀加平面波方法的WIEN2k程序,计算Fe掺杂SnO2稀磁半导体的电子结构和磁性,计算中性电荷态Fe0和电荷受主态Fe1-或Fe2-。结果表明,Fe掺杂SnO2的基态都是铁磁态,O空位更容易出现在Fe原子周围。中性电荷态Fe0磁矩较小,Fe1-或Fe2-态磁矩变大,并且计算的磁超精细场和磁矩与穆斯堡尔谱测量结果相符合。电子结构分析表明,掺杂Fe-3d轨道与氧八面体O-2p轨道相互作用,造成3d轨道能级分裂。不同电荷态下,能级分裂的程度不同,从而影响电子填充3d轨道的模式。3d轨道中未成对电子数增加,处于高自旋态的Fe原子是产生巨磁矩的原因。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.