电小天线传输线补偿电路的优化设计

本文研究一种电小天线的新型补偿电路,即用短路传输线与天线相并联的方式实现对电小天线的宽带匹配.给出了在满足电压驻波比的前提下,以提高天线效率为准则的优化设计方案.在将天线、补偿电路以及馈电线作为一个整体,从而计算出阻抗、驻波比、效率、增益等参数的基础上,对电路的补偿能力进行了详细的讨论.整个分析过程不涉及具体天线的结构,因而是研究电小天线补偿电路的一般方法.     

基于迫零检测的分布式发射天线V-BLAST OFDM系统中的载波频偏补偿

 在采用分布式发射天线的垂直贝尔实验室分层空时结构(V-BLAST)正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,由于各发射天线与接收机之间的载波频偏(CFO)均可能不同,传统系统中针对单个频偏的简单补偿方法不再适用。不同于已有的使用高复杂度矩阵求逆运算的线性频域均衡方法,本文利用迫零(ZF)检测的固有特性,提出一种适用于低时延扩展多径信道的无需矩阵求逆运算的载波频偏补偿方法。仿真结果表明,在ITU-R M.1225信道模型的三种低时延扩展测试环境下,使用本文所提频偏补偿方法进行频偏补偿能有效改善系统误符号率(SER)性能。     

卫星地面站天线塔不均匀沉降影响及数据分析

通过对多个全动卫星地面站天线塔不均匀沉降的长期连续测量,得出了其不均匀沉降的大小及变化趋势。分析了不均匀沉降对天线测角精度的影响,研究了不均匀沉降的补偿方法。中小型天线一般自身设置有机械调平装置,可进行一定量的调整补偿。更为普遍的补偿方法是用数学模型来修正不均匀沉降带来的测量误差,大天线和中小天线都适用。工程中这些方法都已应用,效果良好,对提高天线塔建设效费比有重要意义。     

阵列天线互耦补偿技术研究

分析阵列天线的互耦机理,利用电磁散射理论研究阵列天线的散射特性,得到阵列天线的散射矩阵,并根据散射矩阵中的实际物理意义,将矩阵进行分解,推导出阵列天线的互耦补偿公式,避免了复杂的计算,并在实际测试数据的基础上,利用提出的算法进行互耦补偿,验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种天线阵面精度补偿优化方法

大型天线阵面在机械载荷和温度载荷的综合作用下产生的变形,可以导致其电性能波动甚至失效;实际应用中,常采用补偿结构修正该变形以保证其性能。文中给出了一种阵面精度补偿方法:阵面工作前利用调整机构使天线阵面产生预变形,从而使天线阵正常工作时变形引起的增益损失最小化。通过建立天线阵机电热耦合有限元模型,构建优化数学模型计算调整机构最优调整量,并使调整量公差最大化,达到了改善天线阵电性能、减轻加工安装难度、降低制造成本的目的。     

稀疏阵时分多相位中心孔径综合及其应用

为了降低机载三维成像雷达系统的复杂度,该文研究了基于稀疏阵三维成像雷达系统中的重要问题。提出了稀疏阵时分多相位中心孔径综合方法,通过运动补偿,该方法使综合后的相位中心数量和分布情况和满阵天线的相同,从而避免了稀疏阵旁瓣较高的问题;利用模拟退火算法对阵列进行了优化,以使实际使用的阵元最少;由于交轨阵列尺寸远小于场景宽度,系统采用了子孔径三维成像算法。实例分析和仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Measurement and evaluation of multi-antenna handsets in indoormobile communication

A method for evaluating antenna diversity systems is presented with an example of a handset using up to four antennas in indoor mobile communication. The method includes a “two-at-a-time” measurement test setup that uses maximum likelihood estimation of the covariance matrix and compensation for the imperfect match, which typically occurs during the design and evaluation process for compact antennas. The diversity performance of the antenna system can be presented as an effective order of diversity, which is the equivalent number of equal power, uncorrelated diversity branches for the same diversity gain at a given probability     

相位加权阵列天线的互耦分析及补偿

采用分段正弦基函数Galerk in法计算了阵列天线的阻抗矩阵,利用互耦阻抗方程分析了相位加权阵列的幅相恶化程度,且用矩量法分析了互耦对两种相对加权阵列天线性能的影响。提出了一种互耦补偿的方法即网络分析法,仿真结果表明了这种补偿方法的正确性和有效性。     

自适应天线中阵元间互耦的校正＊

本文基于对自适应天线协方差矩阵特征结构的分析,推导出了考虑阵元间互耦时的自适应天线最佳权矢量的解析表达式。阐明了互耦导致自适应天线系统性能下降的机制,最后提出了一种有效的互耦校正方法。     

超宽带脉冲天线的补偿技术研究

针对超宽带通信系统中脉冲信号传输保真度的问题, 分析了保真度与脉冲天线的相频特性、增益-频率特性的关系, 提出通过调整天线的增益特性来对信号在自由空间产生的传输损耗进行平衡补偿的技术.通过对一款高保真印刷半锥形单极天线(Half-Printed Tapered Monopole Antenna, Half-PTMA)增益-频率特性的仿真分析, 以及将此补偿技术应用到一款超宽带平面单极天线的设计改进, 改进后保真度提高了5%, 验证了文中补偿技术的有效性, 为超宽带脉冲天线的高保真设计提供了有价值的设计依据.     

一种稳健的共形阵机载雷达杂波抑制方法

针对共形阵机载雷达的杂波抑制问题,提出了一种稳健的空时自适应处理(STAP)方法.该方法首先将待检测距离单元中所含的目标信息剔除,然后利用自回归(AR)模型来描述该单元杂波特性,最后通过求取AR模型系数得到待检测距离单元中杂波正交子空间来对消杂波.该方法不受雷达工作模式影响,适用于任意形状的阵列天线,且不存在干扰目标问...     

On the dispersive properties of the conical spiral antenna and its use for pulsed radiation

Conical spiral antennas can have an input impedance and gain that are nearly frequency independent over a wide bandwidth. However, these antennas normally have dispersive properties that produce significant distortion when they are used to radiate a pulse. We examine this dispersion in detail and the possibility of compensating for the dispersion so that the antenna can be used for pulse radiation. First, a simple, qualitative model for this antenna is described. This model provides physical insight into the causes for the dispersion. Next, the antenna is examined using an accurate, full electromagnetic analysis done with the finite-difference time-domain method. Results from this analysis support the conclusions reached with the simple model and provide additional insight into the dispersion. Finally, an approach for compensating for the dispersion in the antenna is described, and the interesting features of the pulse radiated from this antenna, after compensation, are discussed.     

可变相位中心天线阵校准技术

某类型可变相位中心天线的相位中心随频率和入射方位变化,而且受到天线阵架设环境的影响。因此需要在理想计算相位中心的基础上,在现场发射测试信号来修正各种误差引起的相位中心变化。提出一种现场校准方法,设计了校准天线的架设方法,推导出由测向基线相位差计算天线单元相位中心与阵中心距离的方程。仿真表明,天线单元相位中心经过校准后,空间谱测向算法的空间分辨力有明显提高。     

Ultrawideband Antenna Distortion Compensation

The radiation characteristics of ultrawideband (UWB) antennas vary with frequency, introducing directionally asymmetric bandwidth reduction and waveform dispersion. In this paper, we develop a simple technique to alleviate the distortion due to nonisotropically dispersive antennas, and use indoor channel measurements to verify its performance. The approach is based on multipath direction estimation and therefore involves antenna arrays. We show that antenna distortion can enhance sensor localization ambiguity and introduce errors in its estimate. Antenna compensation mitigates this effect, significantly improving the location estimation accuracy. We further demonstrate that antenna compensation helps reduce the small-scale fading artifacts that arise due to the antennas, thus reducing the channel spatial variability and delay spread. Our technique can also aid empirical channel characterization by providing antenna-independent propagation data.      

A Novel Beam Squint Compensation Technique for Circularly Polarized Conic-Section Reflector Antennas

Beam squint generally exists in offset reflector antennas with circularly polarized feeds. It is manifested by a small beam shift of the radiation pattern in the plane perpendicular to the principal offset plane, which can significantly affect the beam pointing accuracy. In this paper a practical and widely applicable compensation technique for the beam squint is proposed. Simulation results show that a small lateral feed displacement in the perpendicular plane can effectively minimize or eliminate the linear phase shift caused by the depolarization effect, thus compensating for the beam squint effect. This is in practice very useful for offset reflector antennas where the previously suggested method based on feed tilting may not be proper. A simple formula is derived to quickly estimate the optimal feed displacement for both right- and left-hand circularly polarized feeds. Three representative examples: a single offset parabolic reflector, a suboptimal offset Cassegrain reflector, and an axially symmetric Cassegrain reflector with an off-focus feed, are presented to validate the proposed method. Satisfactory results are achieved for all three examples.      

Low frequency electromagnetic scattering from an island

Adopting a simple model, a formulation is presented for the scattering from a circular island surrounded by an otherwise smooth sea. Both the surface impedance and the height profile of the island are functions of the radial distance. Employing the electromagnetic compensation theorem, an expression for the mutual impedance between two small ground-based vertical antennas is derived. To simplify the analysis these antennas are assumed to be located at distances that are large compared with the radius of the island. It is shown that the relative importance of the surface impedance and the height profile will depend on the scattering angle subtended, at the island center, by the direction to the source and receiving antennas. The results are relevant to the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the earth-ionosphere waveguide at very low frequencies (VLF)     

FPGA在SAR实时运动补偿系统中的应用

机载SAR要获得高分辨率的图像,必须保证天线波束的指向恒定.提出了一种基于FPGA与二维电扫相控阵天线实现SAR实时运动补偿的方案,并结合FPGA的特点采用了CORDIC算法做为超越函数处理模块.通过实时控制相控阵天线,实现了载机在姿态发生变化时依然保证波束稳定地指向测绘带中心,从而得到高分辨率的图像.     

Design method of Yagi-Uda two-stacked circular loop array antennas

A design method which works as a single balanced feed antenna is presented for the Yagi-Uda two-stacked circular-loop array antenna. The antenna is analyzed with a theoretical model consisting of loop elements and feeder sections. The results are compared with experiments. By using the computed and measured antenna currents, the gain enhancement of the antenna is confirmed to be due to both the stacked-loop-array and endfire-array effects. A method of compensation for the reflection loss and a design procedure are discussed in detail. A graphical method is given to estimate the optimum size of the antenna without detailed numerical calculations, and the performance of the designed antenna is demonstrated by experiments. Experimental results are presented for several antennas arranged with different numbers of loops in the endfire and broadside directions     

A pattern synthesis technique for array feeds to improve radiationperformance of large distorted reflector antennas

Technologies exist for construction of antennas with adaptive surfaces that can compensate for many of the larger distortions caused by thermal and gravitational forces. However, as the frequency and size of the reflectors increase, the subtle surface errors become significant and degrade the overall electromagnetic performance. Electronic compensation through an adaptive feed array offers a means for mitigation of surface distortion effects. A pattern synthesis approach for electromagnetic compensation of surface error is presented. The pattern synthesis approach uses a localized algorithm in which pattern corrections are directed toward specific portions of the pattern requiring improvement. The pattern synthesis techniques uses radiation pattern data to perform the compensation     

一种TDM-MIMO雷达的运动目标相位补偿方法

汽车雷达主要使用时分复用多输入多输出技术(TDM-MIMO)增加其虚拟天线数量来提高角度分辨率。当目标与雷达之间存在相对运动时,由运动目标多普勒频率在不同发射天线切换时间内带来的相位变化量会耦合到各接收天线上,导致频谱出现散焦效应。这种相位变化会对目标的角度估计产生影响。针对这种问题,推导了TDM-MIMO信号模型,通过分析运动目标相位误差产生的原因,提出了一种相位补偿方法,该方法无需对目标速度进行预估,并且无需额外的硬件开销。通过仿真实验和实测数据证明了该方法可以使运动目标正常测角并且具有较低的时间复杂度。